Opinion issued November 19, 2015
In The
Court of Appeals
For The
First District of Texas
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NO. 01-14-00484-CR
NO. 01-14-00485-CR1
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CORBIK REECE, Appellant
V.
THE STATE OF TEXAS, Appellee
On Appeal from the 174th District Court
Harris County, Texas
Trial Court Case Nos. 1338724 & 1338725
MEMORANDUM OPINION
Appellant, Corbik Reece, proceeding pro se and incarcerated, pleaded guilty
to two counts of the first-degree felony offense of aggravated robbery with a
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Appellate cause no. 01-14-00484-CR; trial court cause no. 1338724.
Appellate cause no. 01-14-00485-CR; trial court cause no. 1338725.
deadly weapon on June 17, 2013, without an agreed recommendation from the
State as to punishment. See TEX. PENAL CODE ANN. §§ 29.03(a)(2), (b) (West
Supp. 2014). The trial court initially certified, on June 17, 2013, that both of these
cases were not plea-bargained cases, and Reece had the right of appeal. At
sentencing, however, Reece entered into an agreed plea bargain in exchange for the
State dismissing two charges and recommending twenty years’ confinement as to
punishment. On May 1, 2014, in accordance with the terms of Reece’s plea
bargain with the State, the trial court assessed appellant’s punishment as a
concurrent sentence of twenty years’ confinement, but the judgments of
convictions stated that no permission to appeal was granted.
Reece timely filed a pro se notice of appeal in each case, contending that the
trial court had granted him permission to appeal. After abatement, the trial court
made findings of fact and conclusions of law, and entered amended certifications
stating that these were plea-bargained cases, and that Reece had no right of appeal.
We dismiss both appeals for want of jurisdiction.
BACKGROUND
On April 25, 2012, Reece was indicted twice by a grand jury for the first–
degree felony offense of aggravated robbery with a deadly weapon, both charges
arising from a single incident that occurred on February 28, 2012, but involving
two different complainants. Reece was indicted for aggravated robbery with a
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deadly weapon against Magdalena Llamas in the first underlying trial court cause
number 1338724, and against Marco Morones in the second underlying trial court
cause number 1338725. See TEX. PENAL CODE ANN. §§ 29.03(a)(2), (b).
With Marco Sapien appointed as his trial counsel, Reece pleaded guilty to
both charges on June 17, 2013, without an agreed recommendation as to
punishment. The clerk’s record in each case contains plea admonishment papers
indicating that Reece waived his right to have the court reporter record his plea.
The trial court’s certifications, signed on June 17, 2013, stated that both of these
cases were not plea-bargained cases, and that Reece had the right of appeal.
After Reece failed to appear for sentencing, Sapien was permitted to
withdraw as his counsel, and the State charged Reece with bond jumping in both
cases. Reece was later arrested and Randolph Roll was appointed as his new trial
counsel on October 9, 2013. On May 1, 2014, the trial court signed judgments of
convictions in both cases, indicating that Reece had pleaded guilty to aggravated
robbery with a deadly weapon and was assessed a concurrent sentence of twenty
years’ confinement in accordance with his plea bargain, and that no permission to
appeal was granted. On May 28, 2014, Reece timely filed a pro se notice of appeal
in each case. See TEX. R. APP. P. 26.2(a)(1).
After these appeals were assigned to this Court, the Clerk of this Court
reviewed the notices of appeals and the clerk’s records, which did not contain any
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new certifications of the rights of appeal by the trial court, as required when the
judgments were entered, or written orders relieving Roll as Reece’s counsel. See
TEX. R. APP. P. 25.2(a)(2), 37.1. Thus, this Court abated these cases for the trial
court to determine whether Roll still represented Reece and to make findings of
fact to resolve the inconsistencies between the certifications and the judgments.
See TEX. R. APP. P. 25.2(f), 34.5(c), 37.1.
A. The Abatement Hearing
On October 30, 2014, the trial court held an abatement hearing with Reece,
appearing via video conference, confirming to the trial judge that he wished to
appeal these cases, but stating that it was up to Roll if he wanted to withdraw as
appellate counsel. Roll stated that he had not been representing Reece on appeal,
had filed a motion to withdraw as counsel, and did not want to be Reece’s
appellate counsel.
The trial court permitted Roll to put the following recitation of what he
recalled had occurred at Reece’s sentencing hearing before he pleaded guilty. 2
Roll recalled that he was Reece’s third trial counsel and was appointed after Reece
had pleaded guilty and the case was set for a pre-sentencing investigation (“PSI”)
hearing. Roll stated that Reece had a co-defendant, his brother, who was sentenced
by the trial court to twenty years’ confinement before Reece’s sentencing date.
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There was no reporter’s record of the sentencing hearing filed in either appeal.
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Roll recited that Reece, who was out on bond awaiting the PSI sentencing hearing,
did not show up at sentencing after he heard that his brother received a twenty-year
sentence, and the trial court allowed Reece’s trial counsel to withdraw and
appointed Roll as counsel. Roll stated that he spoke to Reece, and when his family
came to court, the trial court allowed the family to speak with Reece in the
“courtroom face-to-face with no glass between them.” Reece’s family convinced
him to accept the offer of twenty years, and he “did waive his right to appeal.”
After Roll’s recitation was complete, the trial court stated its recommendation that
Reece “intelligently waived [his] right to appeal this case.”
B. The Trial Court’s Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law and Order
Following the abatement hearing, the trial court adopted the State’s proposed
findings of fact, conclusions of law, and order on November 7, 2014. After noting
that it had reviewed the official court records in the cases, and after consideration
of the evidence and the parties’ arguments, the trial court issued the following
findings and conclusions:
1. As a result of a single incident, the Defendant was charged with
two offenses. In Cause No. 1338724, the defendant was
indicted for aggravated robbery of Magdalena Llamas. In
Cause No.[ ]1338725, the Defendant was indicted for the
aggravated robbery of Marco Morones.
2. The Defendant was set for jury trial on June 17, 2013.
3. On June 17, 2013, the Defendant, his attorney, and an attorney
representing the State executed a “Waiver of Constitutional
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Rights, Agreement to Stipulate, and Judicial Confession.” In
this document, the defendant judicially confessed to committing
the aggravated robbery of Magd[a]lena Llamas and Marco
Morones. The State made no recommendation as to what
sentence the Defendant should receive, other than the sentence
should be based on the results of a pre-sentence investigation
report.
4. At that time, there was no agreed plea. A sentencing hearing
was set for August 29, 2013. It was agreed that at this hearing
the court would determine an appropriate sentence based on a
pre-sentence investigation report. Had this agreement been
fulfilled, the Defendant would have had a limited right of
appeal.
5. On July 18, 2013[,] a hearing was held for a co-defendant,
Akilleon Laran Chase. Akilleon Laran Chase is the brother of
the Defendant. I sentenced Akilleon Laran Chase to 20 years in
the Texas Department of Criminal Justice-Institutional
Division.
6. The Defendant did not appear at his court date on August 29,
2013[,] and his attorney, Marco Sapien[,] withdrew as his
attorney of record.
7. On August 30, 2013[,] the State charged the Defendant in
Cause Number 1399766 and 1399767 with bond jumping.
8. On October 2, 2013, the Defendant was arrested.
9. On October 9, 2013[,] Randolph Roll was appointed to
represent the Defendant.
10. Randolph Roll reset the case 8 times to determine how the
Defendant wanted to proceed. The Defendant had the
following options:
a. Withdraw his plea and proceed to trial[;]
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b. Persist in his plea of guilty and allow the Court to determine the
proper punishment based on the pre-sentence investigation report
and a hearing where both the state and defense could call live
witnesses[;]
c. Enter into an agreed plea with the state.
11. The Defendant chose to enter into an agreed plea with the state.
The defendant’s plea of guilty was made in exchange for the
State’s agreement to dismiss the two bail jumping charges and
for a term of imprisonment for 20 years.
12. A plea bargain occurs when a defendant enters a plea of guilty
or nolo contendere and the punishment does not exceed the
punishment recommended by the prosecutor and agreed to by
the defendant. TEX. R. APP. P. 25.2[a](2).
13. The statement in the defendant’s plea paperwork indicating that
his plea was “WOAR” — without a recommendation from the
prosecutor — was not changed at the time the Defendant
entered into an agreed plea with the state but the change was
dictated to the court reporter.
14. The Defendant does not have the right to appeal when he agrees
to a plea bargain with the state.
15. The Defendant entered into a plea bargain with the state and
does not have the right to appeal.
16. The Court does not grant the appellant permission to appeal.
On January 6, 2015, the trial clerk filed the supplemental clerk’s records in
each case in this Court containing Roll’s motion to withdraw as attorney of record,
filed in the trial court, and the trial court’s findings, conclusions, and order, but no
amended certifications were included. After this Court abated for amended
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certifications, the trial court signed amended certifications on February 13, 2015,
stating that these were plea-bargained cases, and that Reece had no right of appeal
in either case. See TEX. R. APP. P. 25.2(a)(2), (d).
DISCUSSION
Although Reece did not file any brief, his pro se form notice of appeal in
each case appears to contend that either he was granted permission to appeal by the
trial court or matters were raised by written motion by the defendant and ruled
upon before trial. See TEX. R. APP. P. 25.2(a)(2).
A. Standard of Review
An appeal must be dismissed if a certification showing that the defendant
has the right of appeal has not been made part of the record. TEX. R. APP. P.
25.2(d); see Dears v. State, 154 S.W.3d 610, 613 (Tex. Crim. App. 2005). The
rules also provide that an amended trial court’s certification of the defendant’s
right of appeal correcting a defect or omission may be filed in the appellate court.
See TEX. R. APP. P. 25.2(f), 34.5(c), 37.1. The trial court’s amended certification,
signed on February 13, 2015, included in the clerk’s record in each case, states that
these are plea-bargained cases and that Reece has no right of appeal. See TEX. R.
APP. P. 25.2(a)(2), (d).
In a plea-bargain case—where a defendant pleaded guilty and the
punishment did not exceed the punishment recommended by the prosecutor and
agreed to by the defendant—as here, a defendant may only appeal those matters
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that were raised by written motion filed and ruled on before trial or after getting the
trial court’s permission to appeal. TEX. CODE CRIM. PROC. ANN. § 44.02 (West
Supp. 2014); TEX. R. APP. P. 25.2(a)(2).
We give almost total deference to a trial court’s determination of the
historical facts that are supported by the record, particularly if the findings of fact
are based on credibility and demeanor. Miller v. State, 393 S.W.3d 255, 262–63
(Tex. Crim. App. 2012) (citation omitted); see also Manzi v. State, 88 S.W.3d 240,
241 (Tex. Crim. App. 2002) (holding that deferential standard of review applies
even when trial court’s factual determination in guilty plea case was based solely
upon affidavits). When the trial court makes explicit findings of fact, we consider,
in the light most favorable to the trial court’s ruling, whether the record supports
those findings. Miller, 393 S.W.3d at 263 (citation omitted). We review legal
rulings de novo unless the trial court’s findings that are supported by the record are
dispositive. Id.
B. Analysis
As noted above, when the trial court makes explicit findings of fact, as here,
we consider, in the light most favorable to the trial court’s ruling, whether the
record supports those findings. Miller, 393 S.W.3d at 263. Here, the clerk’s
record in each case contains a plea information sheet, waiver of constitutional
rights, agreement to stipulate, and judicial confession indicating that Reece pleaded
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guilty to the charged offenses without an agreed recommendation as to
punishment. The clerk’s records also contain Sapien’s motion to withdraw as
attorney of record, which indicated that Reece had failed to appear for the PSI
hearing, and that motion was granted. The records also contain several case reset
forms in which Roll was listed as Reece’s trial counsel, two charges of bail
jumping were added, and the State’s offer of twenty years’ confinement was listed.
In addition, the judgments of conviction reflect that the trial court accepted
the plea-bargain agreements because each judgment assessed Reece’s punishment
at twenty years’ confinement. See TEX. R. APP. P. 25.2(a)(2). Thus, the records
support the trial court’s findings of fact that Reece entered into agreements with
the State to recommend twenty years’ confinement in exchange for the State
dismissing the two bail jumping charges, and we must defer to those findings of
historical fact. See Miller, 393 S.W.3d at 263. Also, the records support the trial
court’s amended certifications that these are plea-bargained cases and the trial
court did not give its permission to appeal in either case, and we must defer to
those findings. See id.; see Dears, 154 S.W.3d at 615.
To the extent Reece’s pro se notices of appeal contends that his plea was
involuntary, the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals has held that the voluntariness of
a guilty plea may not be contested on direct appeal following a plea-bargain
agreement. See Woods v. State, 108 S.W.3d 314, 316 & n.6 (Tex. Crim. App.
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2003); Cooper v. State, 45 S.W.3d 77, 81, 83 (Tex. Crim. App. 2001). And, to the
extent that Reece’s pro se notices of appeal contend that he is permitted to
challenge rulings on pretrial motions, a review of the clerk’s record in each case
does not show any written rulings on motions that were adverse to Reece.
Because appellant has no right of appeal in these plea-bargained cases, we
must dismiss these appeals without further action. See Menefee v. State, 287
S.W.3d 9, 12 n.12 (Tex. Crim. App. 2009); Chavez v. State, 183 S.W.3d 675, 680
(Tex. Crim. App. 2006) (“A court of appeals, while having jurisdiction to ascertain
whether an appellant who plea-bargained is permitted to appeal by Rule 25.2(a),
must dismiss a prohibited appeal without further action, regardless of the basis for
the appeal.”); see also Greenwell v. Court of Appeals for Thirteenth Judicial Dist.,
159 S.W.3d 645, 649 (Tex. Crim. App. 2005) (explaining purpose of certification
requirements is to resolve cases that have no right of appeal quickly without
expense of appointing appellate counsel, preparing reporter’s record or preparing
appellate brief).
CONCLUSION
Accordingly, we dismiss these appeals for want of jurisdiction. See TEX. R.
APP. P. 43.2(f). We dismiss all pending motions as moot.
PER CURIAM
Panel consists of Justices Jennings, Keyes, and Bland.
Do not publish. TEX. R. APP. P. 47.2(b).
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