NOT PRECEDENTIAL
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT
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No. 15-1776
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BRYAN KEITH SZALLAR,
Appellant
v.
COMMISSIONER SOCIAL SECURITY
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On Appeal from the United States District Court
for the Western District of Pennsylvania
(D.C. No. 2-14-cv-00809)
District Judge: Honorable Donetta W. Ambrose
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Submitted Under Third Circuit LAR 34.1(a)
November 19, 2015
Before: AMBRO, HARDIMAN, and NYGAARD, Circuit Judges.
(Filed: November 24, 2015 )
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OPINION*
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*
This disposition is not an opinion of the full Court and pursuant to I.O.P. 5.7 does
not constitute binding precedent.
HARDIMAN, Circuit Judge.
Bryan Keith Szallar appeals from the District Court’s summary judgment
affirming the Commissioner of Social Security’s decision denying him disability benefits
under the Social Security Act. We will affirm.
I
Szallar is a four-year college graduate who, until the time of his injury, was a
manager at a sporting goods store. In April 2010, Szallar tripped over a curb outside his
workplace and sustained a severe injury to his right shoulder. Medical scans later
revealed a “comminuted fracture” of his right proximal humerus. App. 69, 95. Szallar’s
medical treatment records indicate that his right shoulder has since healed “quite well
functionally” with physical therapy, but with “alignment that is not perfect.” App. 94–97,
175. These records also show that Szallar complains of constant pain and intermittent
numbness, and that he has developed “not horrible” carpal tunnel syndrome in his right
arm. App. 94–97, 175. Szallar has not returned to work since his 2010 fall.
Szallar filed a claim for disability insurance benefits under the Social Security Act
in July 2011. After being initially denied, Szallar requested a hearing before an
Administrative Law Judge (ALJ), which he received on October 17, 2012. Both Szallar
and an impartial vocational expert testified at the hearing. In a subsequent written
decision, the ALJ found Szallar “not disabled” under the Social Security Act because his
Residual Functional Capacity (RFC) would permit him to “mak[e] a successful
adjustment to other work that exists in significant numbers in the national economy.”
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App. 98; see also 20 C.F.R. § 404.1545(a)(1) (defining RFC as “the most [a claimant]
can still do despite [the claimant’s physical and mental] limitations”). The Appeals
Council denied Szallar’s request for review, thus rendering the ALJ’s decision the final
decision of the Commissioner. See 20 C.F.R. § 404.981. Szallar sought judicial review in
the District Court, which affirmed, and then filed this appeal.1
II
A
Szallar raises three challenges on appeal. First, he argues that the ALJ’s RFC
determination was not supported by substantial evidence.2 Szallar begins this argument
by taking issue with the ALJ’s reluctance to fully credit Szallar’s hearing testimony on
the limiting effects of his shoulder pain. The ALJ found that “[Szallar’s testimony]
1
The District Court had jurisdiction under 42 U.S.C. §§ 405(g) and 1383(c). We
have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291. While our review of the Commissioner’s legal
determinations is plenary, we review her factual findings for “substantial evidence.” 42
U.S.C. § 405(g); Chandler v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec., 667 F.3d 356, 359 (3d Cir. 2011).
Thus, we must uphold any fact found by the Commissioner as conclusive if supported by
substantial evidence, that is, “such relevant evidence as a reasonable mind might accept
as adequate to support a conclusion.” Reefer v. Barnhart, 326 F.3d 376, 379 (3d Cir.
2003) (quoting Smith v. Califano, 637 F.2d 968, 970 (3d Cir. 1981)).
2
The ALJ determined Szallar’s RFC as the capacity “to perform light work as
defined in 20 CFR 404.1567(b), except he can perform only occasional fine dexterity,
involving feeling, picking or pinching with his dominant, right upper extremity, and he
can perform only incidental postural adaptations, defined as totaling not more than 1/6 of
a routine 8-hour work shift. Further, [Szallar] cannot be exposed to hazards, such as
unprotected heights and dangerous machinery. Finally, given his pain and sleep
deprivation, he can perform only simple, routine and repetitive tasks involving no
independent judgment or discretion, and no changes in work processes.” App. 94.
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concerning the intensity, persistence[,] and limiting effects of [his medically determinable
impairments was] not credible to the extent [it was] inconsistent with” his RFC. App. 95.
Szallar counters that his testimony was “wholly consistent.” Szallar Br. 14.
Szallar’s argument is unpersuasive primarily because the ALJ’s assessment of his
credibility is entitled to our substantial deference, see, e.g., Zirnsak v. Colvin, 777 F.3d
607, 612–13 (3d Cir. 2014), and our review of the record leads us to conclude that the
ALJ properly accounted for inconsistencies in Szallar’s testimony. For instance, although
Szallar maintained that he could stand for only 5 to 10 minutes without developing
numbness in his right arm, he also testified that he was able to go on long outdoor walks
for 6 to 12 miles. Similarly, although he was unsure of his ability to “sit and watch the
monitor of a computer throughout the day,” Szallar admitted that he “sends emails, uses
Facebook, plays games for short periods of time and performs other functions at home on
his computer.” App. 77, 83, 95. The administrative record also indicates that the ALJ
properly considered Szallar’s subjective description of his pain “in relation to the
objective medical evidence and other evidence” Szallar provided. 20 C.F.R.
§ 404.1529(c)(4). Accordingly, we agree with the District Court that the ALJ’s
assessment of Szallar’s credibility is supported by substantial evidence.
Next, Szallar asserts that the ALJ failed to consider the medical opinions of his
treating physicians. Although the record is replete with medical opinions regarding
Szallar’s diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis, none of Szallar’s treating physicians opined
on his capacity to work or specific functional limitations—a point that the District Court
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underscored. And contrary to Szallar’s position, the ALJ gave a detailed exposition of
Szallar’s longitudinal medical history, including the opinions of Drs. Calvin J. Miller,
Vonda Wright, Jalit Tuchinda, and Robert Kaufmann. Our review of the record accords
with the ALJ’s conclusion that “even if [Szallar’s] shoulder injury could be characterized
as disabling initially, . . . it improved significantly” over the course of the following year
and responded well to physical therapy. App. 95, 97. If anything, the ALJ’s determination
of Szallar’s RFC recognized that his right shoulder “will never be the same” and is
unlikely to get better, although it has improved since his fall in April 2010. App. 97, 157.
The ALJ thus properly accounted for the opinions of Szallar’s treating physicians, and we
agree with the District Court that his RFC determination is supported by substantial
evidence.
B
Szallar next argues that the ALJ improperly disregarded the vocational expert’s
testimony at the October 2012 hearing. The ALJ posed two hypotheticals to the expert.
The first hypothetical asked whether other “vocational opportunities” (besides retail
management) would be available for an individual matching Szallar’s background and
the ALJ’s subsequently determined RFC.3 App. 85. The expert indicated that the
hypothetical individual could work as a telephone solicitor, a ticket seller, or as a
telephone clerk. The ALJ then modified the hypothetical by requiring the individual to
Szallar’s brief on appeal concedes that this hypothetical “is consistent with [the
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ALJ’s] RFC assessment.” Szallar Br. 17.
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take “unscheduled rest breaks . . . [that] would vary in number, frequency and duration
. . . but on an average entail 15 minutes per hour in order to persist throughout the course
of an eight-hour day.” App. 86. The vocational expert responded that “there would be no
jobs” available to the second hypothetical individual. Id. Szallar argues that the ALJ
ignored this second hypothetical in finding him not disabled.
To the extent Szallar’s second argument disputes the validity of the ALJ’s RFC
determination—the same grounds as his first argument—it is unpersuasive for the same
reasons. The ALJ’s hypothetical questions were required to “accurately convey to the
vocational expert all of the claimant’s credibly established limitations.” Rutherford v.
Barnhart, 399 F.3d 546, 554 (3d Cir. 2005) (emphasis in original) (citing Plummer v.
Apfel, 186 F.3d 422, 431 (3d Cir. 1999)). The first hypothetical mirrored the RFC the
ALJ later determined for Szallar, and Szallar has not shown the RFC to be unsupported
by substantial evidence. The second hypothetical introduced limitations that were not
reflected in any objective medical evidence of record, nor consistently established by
Szallar’s own testimony. Accordingly, although the Commissioner is required to consider
all probative evidence of record in making a disability determination, see 42 U.S.C.
§ 423(d)(5)(B); Johnson v. Commissioner of Social Security, 529 F.3d 198, 203–05 (3d
Cir. 2008), the ALJ’s reliance on the vocational expert’s response to the first hypothetical
alone was permissible.
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C
Finally, Szallar challenges the ALJ’s determination that his impairments did not
meet or equal the severity of an impairment listed in Appendix 1 of Subpart P, Part 404,
of Title 20, Code of Federal Regulations. In so doing, the ALJ stated, in full:
Consideration has been given to all of the claimant’s musculoskeletal
system complaints in accordance with the revised musculoskeletal listings
published at 66 Red. Reg. 58010, November 19, 2001, effective February
19, 2002. None of the medical findings concerning the claimant’s
impairments meet or equal the criteria for severity in any of those listings.
App. 93. Szallar argues that this explanation amounts to a conclusory statement that falls
short of the reasoning required by Burnett v. Commissioner of Social Security
Administration, 220 F.3d 112, 119–20 (3d Cir. 2000), and Jones v. Barnhart, 364 F.3d
501, 505 (3d Cir. 2004).
In Burnett, the ALJ failed to specify the claimant’s impairments and also failed to
identify any specific listings that informed the ALJ’s analysis. 220 F.3d at 119–20.
Accordingly, we remanded the decision for further explanation. Id. at 120. The ALJ in
Jones, by contrast, specified the claimant’s impairments—“chronic urticaria, asthma,
chronic obstructive and restrictive lung disease, and anxiety and depression”—and, “after
carefully compar[ing] the claimant’s signs, symptoms, and laboratory findings with the
criteria specified in all of the Listings of Impairments,” concluded that “the claimant’s
impairments do not meet or equal the criteria established for an impairment shown in the
Listings.” 364 F.3d at 503 (alteration in original) (internal quotation marks omitted).
Based on our examination of the listed impairments and the ALJ’s decision as a whole,
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we found the ALJ’s determination in Jones to have been adequately explained and
supported by substantial evidence. Id. at 504–05.
The ALJ in this case found that Szallar had “the following severe impairments: [a]
comminuted fracture of the proximal right humerus[] and right carpal tunnel syndrome.”
App. 93. And he referenced the musculoskeletal listings published in the Revised
Medical Criteria for Determination of Disability, Musculoskeletal System and Related
Criteria, 66 Fed. Reg. 58,010 (Nov. 19, 2001). As in Jones, the record is sufficient for
judicial review, and we agree with the District Court that Szallar’s impairments implicate
only Listing 101.02, and that Szallar failed to meet its criteria because his impairments
affect only his right arm and are not present in “each upper extremity.” 66 Fed. Reg. at
58,044; see also 20 C.F.R. pt. 400, subpt. P, app. 1, sec. 1.02. Accordingly, the ALJ’s
determination was supported by substantial evidence and we see no reason to remand his
decision for further explanation.
III
For the reasons stated, we will affirm the order of the District Court.
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