Filed
Washington State
Court of Appeals
Division Two
November 24, 2015
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON
DIVISION II
STATE OF WASHINGTON, No. 46386-5-II
Respondent,
v.
BRIAN ALLEN ROBERTS II UNPUBLISHED OPINION
Appellant.
MELNICK, J. — Brian Allen Roberts II appeals the sentence imposed after he pleaded guilty
to three counts of violating a domestic violence court order. Roberts argues that the trial court
erroneously misinterpreted RCW 9.94A.030(20) disjunctively to permit the court to enhance his
sentence for domestic violence offenses as defined in either RCW 10.99.020 or RCW 26.50.010.
Roberts also argues that the trial court lacked statutory authority to order the forfeiture of property
as a condition of sentence. In his statement of additional grounds (SAG), Roberts argues further
that the trial court erred by excluding a prior misdemeanor from his offender score and that his
offender score for a 2012 conviction was miscalculated.
Under State v. Kozey, 183 Wn. App. 692, 334 P.3d 1170 (2014), review denied, 182 Wn.2d
1007 (2015), the trial court properly interpreted RCW 9.94A.030(20) in the disjunctive. It
properly enhanced Roberts’s offender score based on his current and prior domestic violence
offenses. While we reject Roberts’s additional claims of error concerning his offender score, we
agree that the trial court lacked statutory authority to order the forfeiture of Roberts’s property.
We remand for the trial court to strike the forfeiture provision from Roberts’s judgment and
sentence, but otherwise affirm.
46386-5-II
FACTS
Roberts pleaded guilty to three counts of violating a domestic violence court order after he
telephoned his former girlfriend several times from jail. His plea statement noted that his offender
score was in dispute and added that the State would recommend that Roberts “forfeit any items in
Tacoma Police Department property room.” Clerk’s Papers at 14; Report of Proceedings (March
11, 2014) at 5.
At sentencing, the State argued that Roberts’s offender score was 11 under RCW
9.94A.525(21), and the defense argued that it was 6 under RCW 9.94A.525(7).1 RCW 9.94A.525
states the rules for computing offender scores. RCW 9.94A.525(7) is a general rule used to
calculate offender scores for nonviolent offenses. RCW 9.94A.525(21) specifically relates to
calculating offender scores for felony domestic violence offenses “where domestic violence as
defined in RCW 9.94A.030 was plead and proven,” and it provides for additional points if prior
and other current offenses involved domestic violence as defined in RCW 9.94A.030. RCW
9.94A.525(21)(a)-(c). RCW 9.94A.030(20), in turn, states that domestic violence “has the same
meaning as defined in RCW 10.99.020 and 26.50.010.”
The State maintained that Roberts’s crimes had to satisfy only one of the definitions in
RCW 9.94A.030 to fall within RCW 9.94A.525(21). The State argued further that Roberts’s
current and prior domestic violence convictions involved domestic violence as defined in RCW
10.99.020. The defense responded that RCW 9.94A.525(21) did not apply because Roberts’s
1
Roberts had three prior convictions for robbery, theft, and malicious mischief that counted for
three points. Under RCW 9.94A.525(21)(a) and (c), his current and prior domestic violence felony
offenses counted for an additional six points, and his two prior domestic violence misdemeanor
offenses counted for an additional two points. Under RCW 9.94A.525(7), Roberts’s domestic
violence felonies counted for three points and his domestic violence misdemeanors did not count
at all.
2
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domestic violence convictions did not satisfy the definitions of domestic violence in both RCW
10.99.020 and RCW 26.50.010. The defense requested a sentence under the Drug Offender
Sentencing Alternative,2 and the State argued for a standard range sentence.
The trial court agreed with the State’s interpretation of RCW 9.94A.030 and sentenced
Roberts to concurrent sentences of 60 months on each count. The trial court also checked a box
in the judgment and sentence stating that “[a]ll property is hereby forfeited,” and it added a
handwritten notation ordering Roberts to “forfeit any items in property.” CP at 100.
Roberts appeals his sentence.
ANALYSIS
I. OFFENDER SCORE CALCULATION
Roberts contends that the trial court misinterpreted RCW 9.94A.030 in calculating his
offender score. He argues that because his current and prior domestic violence offenses did not
satisfy both definitions of domestic violence in RCW 9.94A.030(20), the trial court erred in adding
points to his offender score pursuant to RCW 9.94A.525(21). We considered and rejected a similar
argument in Kozey and held that domestic violence under RCW 9.94A.030(20) has the same
meaning as domestic violence in either RCW 10.99.020 or RCW 26.50.010. 183 Wn. App. at 700.
RCW 10.99.020(5) states that “‘[d]omestic violence’ includes but is not limited to any of
the following crimes when committed by one family or household member against another.” This
nonexclusive list includes violent crimes, property crimes, and other miscellaneous crimes,
including the “[v]iolation of the provisions of a restraining order, no-contact order, or protection
order.” RCW 10.99.020(5)(r). In contrast, RCW 26.50.010(1) defines a domestic violence offense
2
RCW 9.94A.660.
3
46386-5-II
as assault, sexual assault, or stalking committed by one family or household member against
another. Kozey, 183 Wn. App. at 697.
Roberts’s current offenses were violations of no-contact orders committed against a
household member, and his prior domestic violence offenses were attempted assault in the second
degree, assault in the fourth degree, and violating a sentencing no-contact order. All of these
offenses satisfied the definition of domestic violence in RCW 10.99.020(5). Consequently, under
Kozey, the trial court properly applied RCW 9.94A.525(21) to Roberts’s offender score.
Roberts’s disagreement with the analysis in Kozey does not warrant its reconsideration.
The Supreme Court has denied review of Kozey, and other decisions have followed its reasoning.
See, e.g., State v. Hodgins, No. 31780-3-III, 2015 WL 5771248 (Wash. Ct. App. Oct. 1, 2015);
State v. Ross, 188 Wn. App. 768, 355 P.3d 306 (2015); State v. MacDonald, 183 Wn. App. 272,
333 P.3d 451 (2014). We affirm the trial court’s interpretation of RCW 9.94A.030 and its
application of the offender score provisions in RCW 9.94A.525(21).3
II. FORFEITURE OF PROPERTY
Roberts argues next that the trial court acted without statutory authority when it ordered
the forfeiture of any property held by the police department. We review de novo whether the trial
court had statutory authority to impose this sentencing condition. State v. Roberts, 185 Wn. App.
94, 96, 339 P.3d 995 (2014).
In Roberts, we considered an identical claim of error and held that in the absence of a
showing that statutory authority supported the forfeiture condition, the condition was imposed in
error. 185 Wn. App. at 96. In so holding, we distinguished a decision addressing whether the trial
3
In doing so, we note that the trial court added a point because Roberts committed his current
offenses while he was on community placement, thus giving him an offender score of 12. RCW
9.94A.525(19).
4
46386-5-II
court exceeded its authority by ordering forfeiture without procedural due process. Roberts, 185
Wn. App. at 97 (citing State v. McWilliams, 177 Wn. App. 139, 152, 311 P.3d 584 (2013), review
denied, 179 Wn.2d 1020 (2014)). In McWilliams, we rejected the defendant’s due process
challenge because his ability to move for return of the property under both the provisions of the
judgment and sentence and CrR 2.3(e) afforded him due process. 177 Wn. App. at 150-151. The
McWilliams decision did not hold that the trial court could order forfeiture in the absence of
statutory authority. Roberts, 185 Wn. App. at 997.
The Roberts decision expressly held that a trial court may not order forfeiture without
statutory authority and we apply that holding here. The judgment and sentence does not cite any
statutory authority to support the forfeiture condition, and the State does not supply such authority
on appeal. Accordingly, we remand to strike the forfeiture language from the judgment and
sentence.
III. SAG
Roberts raises two issues in his SAG. The first contends that the exclusion of a prior
misdemeanor for a protection order violation shows that his offender score was miscalculated.
Roberts was convicted of the protection order violation in 2012. This conviction is not
labelled as a domestic violence offense in his current judgment and sentence. Consequently, we
see no error in its exclusion from Roberts’s offender score.4
Roberts also contends that the provisions in RCW 9.94A.525(21) should have applied to
the calculation of his offender score for his 2012 conviction of domestic violence attempted assault
4
We also note that Roberts’s judgment and sentence lists his offender score as 9+ and his standard
range as the maximum 60 months. Neither of these references would change with the addition of
a point to the offender score.
5
46386-5-II
in the second degree. The calculation of Roberts’s offender score under a prior cause number is
beyond the scope of this appeal, and we do not consider this issue further.
We remand for the trial court to strike the forfeiture provision from the judgment and
sentence, but otherwise affirm.
A majority of the panel having determined that this opinion will not be printed in the
Washington Appellate Reports, but will be filed for public record in accordance with RCW 2.06.040,
it is so ordered.
Melnick, J.
We concur:
Bjorgen, A.C.J.
Maxa, J.
6