[Cite as Khatib v. Peters, 2015-Ohio-5144.]
Court of Appeals of Ohio
EIGHTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
COUNTY OF CUYAHOGA
JOURNAL ENTRY AND OPINION
No. 102663
MARIA KHATIB, ET AL.
PLAINTIFFS-APPELLEES
vs.
SHAMELL PETERS
DEFENDANT-APPELLANT
JUDGMENT:
REVERSED AND REMANDED
Civil Appeal from the
Cuyahoga County Court of Common Pleas
Case No. CV-14-823475
BEFORE: Blackmon, J., E.T. Gallagher, P.J., and Stewart, J.
RELEASED AND JOURNALIZED: December 10, 2015
ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLANT
David B. Henderson
Celeste M. Manway
Henderson, Schmidlin & McGarry Co.
840 Brainard Road
Highland Heights, Ohio 44143
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLEES
Christina Brueck
Brueck Law Firm
333 Babbitt Road
Suite 301
Euclid, Ohio 44123
PATRICIA ANN BLACKMON, J.:
{¶1} Appellant Shamell Peters (“Peters”) appeals the denial of her motion to vacate and
assigns the following two errors for our review:
I. The trial court erred in failing to vacate the default judgment and quash service
by publication in a tort action where the requirements of R.C. 2307.14 were not
met, the defendant was never validly served and the judgment was void ab initio.
II. The trial court erred in failing to grant defendant-appellant’s Civ.R. 60(B)(5)
motion for relief from judgment where the requisites for relief were satisfied.
{¶2} Having reviewed the record and relevant law, we reverse the trial court’s
judgment and remand for an evidentiary hearing. The apposite facts follow.
{¶3} On February 19, 2013, the appellees Maria Khatib and Jibril Khatib (“the
Khatibs”) filed a complaint against Peters alleging damages arising out of an automobile accident
that occurred on December 20, 2011. The Khatibs attempted to serve Peters the complaint at an
address located on East 260th Street in Euclid, Ohio. This was the address listed by Peters in
the accident report. The Khatibs attempted unsuccessfully to serve Peters by ordinary and
certified mail at this address. On August 21, 2013, the trial court dismissed the complaint for
want of prosecution because the Khatibs had failed to obtain service on Peters.
{¶4} On March 12, 2014, the Khatibs refiled their complaint against Peters. The Khatibs
attempted to serve Peters with the complaint via certified mail at an address located on
Northfield Avenue in Cleveland, Ohio. The complaint was returned and marked “unclaimed.”
They also attempted to serve Peters by ordinary mail, but it was returned.
{¶5} Also included as a party to the refiled complaint was Peters’s car insurance
carrier, First Acceptance Insurance Company (“First Acceptance”). Attorney David Henderson,
on behalf of First Acceptance, filed an answer and also filed a motion to dismiss or in the
alternative a motion for summary judgment. First Acceptance argued that because the Khatibs
had failed to obtain a final judgment against Peters, their action against First Acceptance was
premature and in contravention of Ohio law. The trial court granted First Acceptance’s motion.
{¶6} On June 5, 2014, due to the inability to locate a valid address for Peters, the
Khatibs’ counsel filed an affidavit for service by publication. In their affidavit, the Khatibs
stated the following efforts were made to locate Peters:
Used/wrote to defendant at last known address on police report related to this case
(13-CV-8016740). Inquired of her insurance company who denied knowing her
address; googled her; retained Cleveland Service Agency to perform a ‘skip-trace’
search (which resulted in the last known address noted above).
The address referred to was the Northfield Avenue address.
{¶7} Beneath the above paragraph, the Khatibs added:
The plaintiff has exercised reasonable diligence to ascertain the residence of the
defendant[s] and that residence of defendant[s] is, other than that listed in the
pleadings, unknown, and cannot with reasonable diligence be ascertained; that this
case is one of those mentioned in Section 2703.14 and/or 3105.06 of the Revised
Code of Ohio.
{¶8} The Khatibs sent a letter to Henderson advising him of their intent to obtain
service on Peters by publication.
{¶9} Proof of publication by the Daily Legal News was filed on August 21, 2014. On
September 8, 2014, the Khatibs filed a “Notice of Publication” with the trial court. On
September 9, 2014, the trial court concluded service upon Peters had been effected and ordered
the Khatibs to file a motion for default judgment within three weeks.
{¶10} On September 26, 2014, the Khatibs filed a motion for default judgment against
Peters. On October 9, 2014, the trial court conducted a default judgment hearing. Thereafter, it
granted the Khatibs’ motion for default judgment in part and awarded medical expenses and
property damage in the amount of $10,762.32. On November 13, 2014, the trial court awarded
the Khatibs an additional $5,000 for pain and suffering.
{¶11} On December 21, 2014, attorney Henderson, the same attorney that had represented
First Acceptance, filed a notice of appearance on behalf of Peters and filed a “motion to vacate
default judgment and quash service by publication, and alternatively, a Civ.R. 60(B) motion for
relief from judgment.” Henderson argued that Civ.R. 4.4 does not provide for service by
publication for contract or tort claims against Ohio residents unless the defendant conceals his or
her whereabouts, and Peters was not concealing her whereabouts. He also argued that he
retained a private investigator after receiving the letter from the Khatibs in June 2014 advising
him of their intent to obtain service by publication. Because the private investigator was able to
locate Peters within one day, Henderson argued that the Khatibs failed to exercise reasonable
diligence in attempting to locate Peters. Attached to his motion was an affidavit by Henderson
stating the above. He also attached an affidavit by Peters in which she stated she was not
concealing her location and detailed where she had been living for the past several years.
{¶12} The Khatibs opposed the motion to vacate contending that Peters did purposely
conceal her whereabouts. They also argued that attorney Henderson participated in the
concealment by not informing them that he had found Peters’s current address. The trial court
denied Peters’s motion without opinion.
Motion to Vacate
{¶13} Peters argues that the trial court abused its discretion by failing to vacate the
default judgment because the Khatibs never perfected service. She argues that the Khatibs did
not engage in reasonable diligence in their attempts to locate her address and that publication by
notice was not proper because there was no evidence she lived outside the state or was
concealing her location.
{¶14} Trial courts have inherent authority to vacate a void judgment; thus a party who
asserts a lack of jurisdiction by improper service does not need to meet the requirements of
Civ.R. 60(B). Patton v. Diemer, 35 Ohio St.3d 68, 518 N.E.2d 941 (1988), paragraph four of
the syllabus; Deutsche Bank Trust Co. Ams. v. Pearlman, 162 Ohio App.3d 164,
2005-Ohio-3545, 832 N.E.2d 1253, ¶ 14 (9th Dist.). The party is only required to show that
service was invalid. Id. A default judgment rendered by a court without obtaining service over
the defendant is void, and the party is entitled to vacation of the judgment. State ex rel. Ballard
v. O’Donnell, 50 Ohio St.3d 182, 553 N.E.2d 650 (1990), syllabus. The trial court’s decision
regarding the validity of service should be upheld absent an abuse of discretion. Id.
{¶15} Peters claims that the Khatibs failed to comply with Civ.R. 4.4 concerning service
by publication. Civ.R. 4.4. provides in pertinent part:
(A) Residence unknown * * * if the residence of a defendant is unknown, service
shall be made by publication in actions where such service is authorized by law.
Before service by publication can be made, an affidavit of a party or his counsel
must be filed with the court. The affidavit shall aver that service of summons
cannot be made because the residence of the defendant is unknown to the affiant
and cannot be ascertained with reasonable diligence. (Emphasis added.)
{¶16} R.C. 2703.14 sets forth those categories of cases where service by publication is
authorized by law. The instant case is based upon subsection (L), which provides that service
may be made by publication:
In any action where the defendant, being a resident of this state, has departed from
the county of his residence with intent to delay or defraud his creditors or to avoid
the service of a summons, or keeps himself concealed with like intent. (Emphasis
added.)
{¶17} Considering these provisions together, it is clear that two requirements must be met
before service of process is considered to have been effected by publication.
{¶18} First, a party or their counsel must exercise reasonable diligence in attempting to
locate a defendant. The Ohio Supreme Court interpreted what constitutes “reasonable
diligence” in Sizemore v. Smith, 6 Ohio St.3d 330, 332, 453 N.E.2d 632 (1983), as follows:
[r]easonable diligence requires taking steps which an individual of ordinary
prudence would reasonably expect to be successful in locating a defendant’s
address. Certainly a check of the telephone book or a call to the telephone
company * * * [or checking] the city directory, a credit bureau, county records
such as auto title department or board of elections, or an inquiry of former
neighbors [constitute probable sources to check].
{¶19} The court recognized that what constitutes reasonable diligence will depend on the
facts and circumstances of each case. Id. It specifically indicated that the examples provided in
the opinion of what reasonable diligence is does not constitute a mandatory checklist. Id.
Rather, those examples exemplify that reasonable diligence requires counsel to use common and
readily available sources in the search of the defendant’s address. Id.
{¶20} In the instant case, the Khatibs attempted to serve Peters by ordinary and certified
mail at the address Peters provided in the police report; both were returned as undeliverable.
The Khatibs also asked Peters’s insurance company for her address, googled her, and hired an
agency to run a skip-trace1 in order to find her address. The only addresses that were found as a
result of these searches were the original addresses supplied by Peters in the police report and the
A skip-trace search is the process of locating a person’s whereabouts by
1
using various online databases.
Northfield Avenue address at which the Khatibs tried to obtain service on the second refiled
complaint.
{¶21} Peters contends these efforts did not constitute reasonable diligence because the
private investigator hired by Henderson was able to locate her address after one day of searching.
There is no indication what efforts the private investigator used to successfully locate Peters.
However, just because the investigator was able to locate Peters does not necessarily make the
Khatibs’ efforts not “reasonably diligent.” According to Sizemore, reasonable diligence requires
“taking steps which an individual of ordinary prudence would reasonably expect to be successful
in locating a defendant’s address.” The hiring of a private investigator is an extreme step.
Computer technology allows for searches never contemplated by the court at the time Sizemore
was decided. Today, an individual of ordinary prudence would reasonably be expected to
engage in a computer search to locate a defendant’s address. Based on the abuse of discretion
standard we are required to apply, we conclude the trial court did not abuse its discretion by
concluding that the Khatibs engaged in reasonable diligence in attempting to locate Peters by
hiring a company to search for Peters on the computer, looking to the police report for an
address, and asking her insurance carrier for her current address.
{¶22} However, this does not end the analysis. Next, it must be determined whether
Peters concealed her location to avoid service. In Brooks v. Rollins, 9 Ohio St.3d 8, 457 N.E.2d
1158 (1984), the court considered the relation between use of reasonable diligence and the
allegation that the defendant was concealing his whereabouts. The court held that the use of
reasonable diligence creates a rebuttable presumption that the defendant was concealing his or
her location. The court explained as follows:
Therefore, this court concludes that “concealment” of a defendant, as that term is
used in R.C. 2703.14(L), may reasonably be inferred from plaintiff’s inability to
locate that defendant after the exercise of “reasonable diligence,” as that term is
used in Civ.R. 4.4(A). This inference is sufficient to support service by
publication if the defendant, when challenging the sufficiency of such service,
does not present evidence contradicting the inference. See Sizemore v. Smith,
supra, at 333. Once the inference of concealment is raised, the burden is placed
on the defendant to overcome its effect either by producing herself or by
producing other independent evidence. A defendant who stands pat risks a
finding of concealment sufficient to satisfy the requirements of R.C. 2703.14(L)
and support service of process by publication. See Wilson v. Sinsabaugh (1978),
61 Ohio App.2d 224 [15 O.O.3d 365]. This result does not render R.C.
2703.14(L) meaningless as a separate provision because, once defendant has come
forward and overcome the inference of concealment, the plaintiff must
independently prove that the statutory requirements have been satisfied.
The approach adopted today not only takes into account the practical difficulties
under which the party seeking service must operate but also affords protection to
the interests of both parties. Initially, the defendant’s right to reasonable notice is
protected because the plaintiff must prove that reasonable diligence has been
exercised to locate the address of the defendant. The defendant is further
protected because she has the opportunity to challenge the sufficiency of service
by a motion to quash service and may bring in independent evidence to contradict
the reasonable diligence of the plaintiff’s search or to rebut the inference of
concealment. Such an appearance would then afford the plaintiff an opportunity to
examine the defendant on his or her conduct.
Id. at 10-11.
{¶23} In the instant case, Peters filed a motion to quash service and attached an affidavit
in which she stated she was not concealing her location and listed the various addresses she had
lived for the last several years. She stated that at the time of the accident, she lived on East
260th Street in Euclid, Ohio. In February 2013, she moved to the address on Northfield Avenue
in Cleveland, Ohio. Approximately one year later, she moved to Lakeshore Boulevard in
Euclid, Ohio. The Khatibs had tried to serve her at the first two addresses, but obviously missed
the times that she had lived there. They had never tried to serve her at her last and current
address.
{¶24} The Khatibs presented nothing to rebut Peters’s affidavit. Instead, they argue that
Peters’s attorney, attorney Henderson, concealed Peters’s address. Henderson represented
Peters’s insurance carrier prior to summary judgment being granted in the insurance company’s
favor. Henderson stated in his affidavit, which was attached to the motion to vacate, that at the
time that the Khatibs asked for Peters’s address, he did not know it. When he received the letter
in June 2014 from the Khatibs informing the insurance carrier that they were pursuing service by
publication, he retained a private investigator to locate a current address for Peters. However, at
this time he had no duty to inform the Khatibs that he had located Peters because he did not
represent her. There is no indication that he advised Peters to conceal her address. In fact, he
contends he did not communicate with Peters until after the default judgment was entered.
Thus, because he did not represent Peters prior to service being obtained, he did not have a duty
to reveal her address to the Khatibs. In fact, doing so, may have violated the duty he owed to the
insurance company to protect its interest.
{¶25} When the movant’s motion to vacate contains allegations of operative facts that
would warrant relief, the trial court should grant a hearing on such motion. Adomeit v. Baltimore,
39 Ohio App.2d 97, 105, 316 N.E.2d 469 (8th Dist.1974).
The Khatibs claim that Peters’s affidavit is merely self-serving. Although it may be self-serving,
Peters’s affidavit contains operative facts that would warrant relief from judgment. Without a
hearing, the trial court could not determine Peters’s credibility, and its denial of Peters’s motion
to vacate without first conducting a hearing constituted an abuse of discretion. Money Tree
Loan Co. v. Williams, 169 Ohio App.3d 336, 2006-Ohio-5568, 862 N.E.2d 885, ¶ 16 (8th
Dist.)(“trial court errs in summarily overruling a defendant’s motion to set aside a judgment for
lack of service, when the defendant submits a sworn statement that she did not receive service of
process, without affording the defendant a hearing.”).2
{¶26} Peters’s first assigned error is sustained. We reverse the trial court’s denial of
Peters’s motion to vacate and remand for the trial court to conduct an evidentiary hearing.
{¶27} Based on our disposition of Peters’s first assigned error, her second assigned error
is moot and need not be addressed. See App.R. 12(A)(1)(c).
{¶28} Judgment reversed and remanded for an evidentiary hearing.
It is ordered that appellant recover from appellee her costs herein taxed.
Appellee relies heavily on this court’s decision in E. Ohio Gas Co. v. Walker,
2
59 Ohio App.2d 216, 394 N.E.2d 348 (8th Dist.1978), for the proposition that the
movant must submit evidentiary materials that meet the criteria set forth in Civ.R.
56 in order for the judgment to be vacated. However, that case dealt with Civ.R.
60(B). As we stated above, a party moving to vacate for lack of service is not
required to meet the requirements of Civ.R. 60(B).
The court finds there were reasonable grounds for this appeal.
It is ordered that a special mandate be sent to the Cuyahoga County Common Pleas Court
to carry this judgment into execution.
A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to Rule 27 of the
Rules of Appellate Procedure.
PATRICIA ANN BLACKMON, JUDGE
EILEEN T. GALLAGHER, P.J., and
MELODY J. STEWART, J., CONCUR