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NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION – SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
: PENNSYLVANIA
v. :
:
SOPHAL THACH, : No. 3370 EDA 2014
:
Appellant :
Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence, July 28, 2014,
in the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County
Criminal Division at No. CP-51-CR-0004506-2013
BEFORE: GANTMAN, P.J., FORD ELLIOTT, P.J.E. AND OLSON, J.
MEMORANDUM BY FORD ELLIOTT, P.J.E.: FILED DECEMBER 16, 2015
Sophal Thach appeals from the judgment of sentence of July 28, 2014,
following a guilty plea to aggravated assault, robbery, and related charges.
Appointed counsel, Todd M. Mosser, Esq., has filed a petition to withdraw
and accompanying Anders brief.1 After careful review, we grant the
withdrawal petition and affirm the judgment of sentence.
On July 28, 2014, appellant entered a negotiated guilty plea to one
count of aggravated assault, two counts of robbery, one count of criminal
conspiracy to commit robbery, one count of possessing an instrument of a
crime (“PIC”), and one count of possession of a firearm prohibited.
Additional charges were nolle prossed including a charge of attempted
1
See Anders v. California, 386 U.S. 738 (1967), and Commonwealth v.
McClendon, 434 A.2d 1185 (Pa. 1981).
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murder. The charges were brought in connection with the January 21, 2013
robbery of a grocery store, during which appellant shot the victim,
Jesse Tann (“Tann”). Following a thorough plea colloquy, the Honorable
Barbara A. McDermott imposed the agreed-upon sentence of 15 to 35 years’
incarceration.2
On July 31, 2014, appellant filed a counseled motion to withdraw his
guilty plea. A hearing was held on the motion on August 1, 2014, at which
appellant testified. According to appellant, he entered the guilty plea
because he was scared. (Notes of testimony, 8/1/14 at 6-7.) Appellant also
alleged ineffectiveness of plea counsel. (Id.) Following the hearing,
appellant’s motion was denied.
On October 17, 2014, appellant filed a PCRA3 petition seeking
reinstatement of his direct appeal rights nunc pro tunc. The petition was
granted on November 6, 2014, and a timely notice of appeal was filed on
November 11, 2014. On November 13, 2014, the trial court issued an order
for appellant to file a concise statement of errors complained of on appeal
pursuant to Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b) within 21 days; on December 23, 2014,
2
Appellant received a sentence of 10 to 20 years for aggravated assault,
and 5 to 15 years for the two counts of robbery and criminal conspiracy, run
concurrently to each other but consecutively to the sentence for aggravated
assault, for an aggregate sentence of 15 to 35 years. (Notes of testimony,
7/28/14 at 29.) Appellant received concurrent sentences of 5 to 10 years on
the firearms charge and 1 to 2 years for PIC. (Id. at 29-30.)
3
Post-Conviction Relief Act, 42 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 9541-9546.
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following an extension of time in which to file, appellant filed a statement of
intent to file an Anders brief in lieu of a concise statement pursuant to
Rule 1925(c)(4). (Docket #D16.) On January 5, 2015, the trial court filed a
Rule 1925(a) opinion.
Counsel having filed a petition to withdraw, we reiterate that “[w]hen
presented with an Anders brief, this court may not review the merits of the
underlying issues without first passing on the request to withdraw.”
Commonwealth v. Daniels, 999 A.2d 590, 593 (Pa.Super. 2010), citing
Commonwealth v. Goodwin, 928 A.2d 287, 290 (Pa.Super. 2007)
(en banc) (citation omitted).
In order for counsel to withdraw from an appeal
pursuant to Anders, certain requirements must be
met, and counsel must:
(1) provide a summary of the procedural
history and facts, with citations to the
record;
(2) refer to anything in the record that
counsel believes arguably supports the
appeal;
(3) set forth counsel’s conclusion that the
appeal is frivolous; and
(4) state counsel’s reasons for concluding
that the appeal is frivolous. Counsel
should articulate the relevant facts of
record, controlling case law, and/or
statutes on point that have led to the
conclusion that the appeal is frivolous.
Id., quoting Commonwealth v. Santiago, 978 A.2d 349, 361 (Pa. 2009).
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Upon review, we find that Attorney Mosser has complied with all of the
above requirements. In addition, Attorney Mosser served appellant a copy
of the Anders brief, and advised him of his right to proceed pro se or hire a
private attorney to raise any additional points he deemed worthy of this
court’s review. Appellant has not responded to counsel’s motion to
withdraw. Once counsel has satisfied the above requirements, it is then this
court’s duty to conduct its own review of the trial court’s proceedings and
render an independent judgment as to whether the appeal is, in fact, wholly
frivolous. Commonwealth v. Hernandez, 783 A.2d 784, 786 (Pa.Super.
2001). As we find the requirements of Anders and Santiago are met, we
will proceed to the issues on appeal.
The first issue raised is whether Judge McDermott should have granted
appellant’s post-sentence motion to withdraw his negotiated guilty plea.
“When considering a petition to withdraw a plea submitted to a trial court
after sentencing, it is well-established that a showing of prejudice on the
order of manifest injustice is required before withdrawal is properly
justified.” Commonwealth v. Byrne, 833 A.2d 729, 737 (Pa.Super. 2003),
quoting Commonwealth v. Johns, 812 A.2d 1260, 1261 (Pa.Super. 2002)
(emphasis in original).
The standard for withdrawal of a guilty plea after
imposition of sentence is much higher [than the
standard applicable to a presentence motion to
withdraw]; a showing of prejudice on the order of
manifest injustice is required before withdrawal is
properly justified. A plea rises to the level of
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manifest injustice when it was entered into
involuntarily, unknowingly, or unintelligently.
Id., quoting Commonwealth v. Muhammad, 794 A.2d 378, 383
(Pa.Super. 2002) (citations and internal quotation marks omitted).
A showing of manifest injustice is required after
imposition of sentence since, at this stage of the
proceeding, permitting the liberal standard
enunciated in [the presentence setting] might
encourage the entrance of a plea as a ‘sentence
testing device.’ We note that disappointment by a
defendant in the sentence actually imposed does not
represent manifest injustice.
Id. (citations omitted).
“A valid plea colloquy must delve into six areas:
1) the nature of the charges, 2) the factual basis of
the plea, 3) the right to a jury trial, 4) the
presumption of innocence, 5) the sentencing ranges,
and 6) the plea court’s power to deviate from any
recommended sentence.” Commonwealth v.
Morrison, 878 A.2d 102, 107 (Pa.Super. 2005);
Pa.R.Crim.P. 590, Comment. Additionally, a written
plea colloquy that is read, completed and signed by
the defendant and made part of the record may
serve as the defendant’s plea colloquy when
supplemented by an oral, on-the-record
examination. Morrison, 878 A.2d at 108 (citing
Comment to Pa.R.Crim.P. 590). “[A] plea of guilty
will not be deemed invalid if the circumstances
surrounding the entry of the plea disclose that the
defendant had a full understanding of the nature and
consequences of his plea and that he knowingly and
voluntarily decided to enter the plea.”
Commonwealth v. Fluharty, 429 Pa.Super. 213,
632 A.2d 312, 315 (1993). “Our law presumes that
a defendant who enters a guilty plea was aware of
what he was doing. He bears the burden of proving
otherwise.” Commonwealth v. Pollard, 832 A.2d
517, 523 (Pa.Super. 2003) (internal citation
omitted). The entry of a negotiated plea is a “strong
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indicator” of the voluntariness of the plea.
Commonwealth v. Myers, 434 Pa.Super. 221, 642
A.2d 1103, 1106 (1994). Moreover, “[t]he law does
not require that [the defendant] be pleased with the
outcome of his decision to enter a plea of guilty: All
that is required is that [his] decision to plead guilty
be knowingly, voluntarily and intelligently made.”
Commonwealth v. Anderson, 995 A.2d 1184,
1192 (Pa.Super. 2010).
Commonwealth v. Reid, 117 A.3d 777, 782-783 (Pa.Super. 2015).
Instantly, as stated above, Judge McDermott conducted a thorough
and probing plea colloquy prior to accepting appellant’s guilty plea.
Judge McDermott explained that appellant faced a maximum sentence of
47½ to 95 years’ imprisonment and a $135,000 fine. (Notes of testimony,
7/28/14 at 6.) Judge McDermott explained the rights appellant was giving
up by pleading guilty, including his right to a jury trial. (Id. at 7-12.)
Judge McDermott instructed appellant that he would have very limited
appellate rights as a result of his plea, including waiver of all
non-jurisdictional defects and defenses. (Id. at 9-12.) Appellant, who is a
Cambodian national, was informed that he could face deportation as a result
of his convictions. (Id. at 9-10.)
The Commonwealth set forth an extensive factual basis for the plea,
including that appellant conspired with Philly Meas (“Meas”) to rob a grocery
store at 2233 South 7th Street. (Id. at 13.) Meas acted as the lookout.
(Id. at 15.) Appellant entered the store, wearing a ski mask and
brandishing a loaded revolver, and demanded money. (Id. at 13-14.)
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Appellant pointed the weapon at the head of the store owner, Phaly Lang
(“Lang”), as well as at her daughter, Michelle Kea (“Kea”). (Id. at 14.)
When appellant aimed the gun at a customer in the store, Tann, there was a
struggle. (Id.) Tann decided to try to take the gun away from appellant.
(Id.) While appellant and Tann fought over the gun, appellant fired three
times, grazing Tann in the head and also striking him in the leg. (Id.) Tann
required stitches to his head. (Id. at 16.) The leg wound was more serious,
striking a vital artery and requiring multiple surgeries. (Id. at 14-16.) Tann
remained in the hospital for two weeks and still has limited range of motion
in his leg. (Id. at 16.)
After the gunshots, appellant and Meas fled the scene. (Id. at 15.)
Appellant was identified by both Lang and Kea as the gunman. (Id. at
17-18.) Although appellant was wearing a ski mask, it was pulled to the
side, revealing a distinctive facial tattoo near his eye. (Id. at 17.) Both
Lang and Kea knew appellant from the neighborhood. (Id. at 17-18.) In
addition, Meas, who entered a separate plea, gave a statement implicating
appellant. (Id. at 19-21.)
Appellant indicated that he understood the terms of the plea
agreement and that no one had coerced or threatened him into taking the
plea. (Id. at 6-7.) Appellant admitted the facts as set forth by the
Commonwealth. (Id. at 22.) Appellant indicated that he was satisfied with
his attorney’s representation. (Id. at 12.) Appellant is a high school
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graduate and speaks English. (Id. at 3.) While appellant testified that he
has some anxiety issues and is prescribed sleep medication, he denied being
under the influence of any drugs, alcohol, or prescription medication at the
time of the plea. (Id. at 3-5.) Appellant affirmed that the sleep medication
did not interfere with his ability to understand the proceedings. (Id. at 4-5.)
In addition, appellant executed a written guilty plea colloquy, which
was also signed by his attorney, the attorney for the Commonwealth, and
Judge McDermott. (Trial court opinion, 1/5/15 at 2-3; Exhibit A.) During
the hearing on appellant’s post-sentence motion to withdraw his guilty plea,
appellant claimed that he was “scared” and felt rushed. (Notes of testimony,
8/1/14 at 6-7.) Appellant also characterized himself as “a little slow,”
although he acknowledged having received a high school diploma while in
jail. (Id. at 7-8.) Finally, appellant claimed that, “I don’t think my lawyer
represented me right.” (Id. at 6.)
There is no basis in the record for appellant’s allegations. There is
nothing to indicate appellant had difficulty communicating with
Judge McDermott or his attorney, or was unable to comprehend the
proceedings. Judge McDermott observed that appellant rejected the offer of
an interpreter and appeared to have no problems speaking and
understanding English. (Id. at 22.) Appellant indicated he had read the
written guilty plea colloquy. (Id.) Although appellant decided to accept the
Commonwealth’s plea offer on the day of trial, there is nothing to support
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the assertion that he was rushed into making a decision. (Id. at 19-20.) In
fact, the trial court was unavailable to take the plea for several hours, during
which appellant had ample time to reconsider. (Id. at 20.) The plea offer
appellant eventually accepted was the same as one made months earlier.
(Id. at 16-17.) Regarding appellant’s vague assertions of ineffectiveness of
plea counsel, they are not cognizable on the instant direct appeal. “It is
well-settled that, absent circumstances not present in the case at bar,
‘claims of ineffective assistance of counsel are to be deferred to PCRA
review[.]’” Reid, 117 A.3d at 786, quoting Commonwealth v. Holmes, 79
A.3d 562, 576 (Pa. 2013).
Although, given the seriousness of the allegations and appellant’s prior
record score of 5, appellant received a favorable plea agreement, this
appears to be nothing more than a case of “buyer’s remorse.” While
appellant may be disappointed with his sentence, this does not constitute a
“manifest injustice” permitting appellant to withdraw his plea. Byrne,
supra. Our review of the guilty plea hearing transcript and documents
reveals that the lower court did not abuse its discretion. The record
supports the trial court’s conclusion that appellant entered his plea
knowingly, voluntarily, and intelligently. There is no merit here.
Attorney Mosser raises one other issue, challenging the discretionary
aspects of appellant’s sentence. (Appellant’s brief at 14-15.) Because
appellant entered a negotiated plea and received the bargained-for
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sentence, this claim is unreviewable. See Reid, 117 A.3d at 784, citing
Commonwealth v. O’Malley, 957 A.2d 1265, 1267 (Pa.Super. 2008) (“One
who pleads guilty and receives a negotiated sentence may not then seek
discretionary review of that sentence.”); Commonwealth v. Reichle, 589
A.2d 1140, 1141 (Pa.Super. 1991) (“Where the plea agreement contains a
negotiated sentence which is accepted and imposed by the sentencing court,
there is no authority to permit a challenge to the discretionary aspects of
that sentence.”); Commonwealth v. Baney, 860 A.2d 127, 131 (Pa.Super.
2004), appeal denied, 877 A.2d 459 (Pa. 2005) (same).
For the reasons discussed above, we determine that appellant’s issues
on appeal are wholly frivolous and without merit. Furthermore, after our
own independent review of the record, we are unable to discern any
additional issues of arguable merit. Therefore, we will grant
Attorney Mosser’s petition to withdraw and affirm the judgment of sentence.
Petition to withdraw granted. Judgment of sentence affirmed.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 12/16/2015
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Com. v. Thach, S.
Combined Opinion