[Cite as In re A.S., 2016-Ohio-80.]
COURT OF APPEALS
FAIRFIELD COUNTY, OHIO
FIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
JUDGES:
IN THE MATTER OF: Hon. Sheila G. Farmer, P. J.
Hon. John W. Wise, J.
A.S. Hon. Patricia A. Delaney, J.
Case No. 15 CA 29
OPINION
CHARACTER OF PROCEEDING: Civil Appeal from the Court of
Common Pleas, Juvenile Division,
Case No. 2013 AB 242
JUDGMENT: Affirmed
DATE OF JUDGMENT ENTRY: January 11, 2016
APPEARANCES:
For Appellee For Appellant Mother
GREGG MARX SHERRIE L. HUSTEAD
PROSECUTING ATTORNEY 1998 Refugee Street NE
BRITTANY J. KAROCKI Millersport, Ohio 43046
ASSISTANT PROSECUTOR
239 West Main Street, Suite 101
Lancaster, Ohio 43130
Fairfield County, Case No. 15 CA 29 2
Wise, J.
{¶1} Appellant Ashley Clarkson appeals the decision of the Fairfield County
Court of Common Pleas, Juvenile Division, which, subsequent to a dependency
determination, granted a dispositional order of legal custody of her minor daughter, A.S.,
to a relative of the child. Appellee is Fairfield County Child Protective Services (“FCCPS”).
The relevant facts leading to this appeal are as follows:
{¶2} Appellant is the mother of A.S. (born in 2006), A.S. (born in 2010) and D.S.
(born in 2011). The present appeal centers on A.S., the middle child. Her biological father
is deceased.
{¶3} FCCPS became involved with appellant and the children on a non-court
basis in June 2013. However, on August 30, 2013, the agency filed a complaint in
dependency under R.C. 2151.04(C), alleging concerns including appellant’s failure to
supervise the children, behaviors by an adult male residing in the household, failure by
appellant to visit during a “safety plan” placement, and appellant’s failure to follow through
with medical care regarding one of the siblings, D.S. Appellant was at that time living with
her mother, her boyfriend, her three children, and her three adopted siblings. The adopted
siblings were also of concern to the agency based on prior sexual abuse issues.
{¶4} On November 26, 2013, the trial court found all three children to be
dependent under the statute, and FCCPS was ordered to maintain temporary custody.
{¶5} On February 25, 2014, the agency filed a motion requesting a disposition of
legal custody concerning A.S.
{¶6} The trial court issued a judgment entry regarding annual review on August
25, 2014.
Fairfield County, Case No. 15 CA 29 3
{¶7} On November 21, 2014, appellant filed a motion requesting a return of
custody to her.
{¶8} On December 15, 2014, an amended motion was filed by the agency
requesting that A.S. be placed in the legal custody of Misty Metcalf (her aunt) and Tim
Metcalf.
{¶9} On January 13, 2015, and January 27, 2015, following several
continuances, a trial court magistrate conducted a hearing on the agency's legal custody
motion regarding A.S., as well as other motions pertaining to her siblings.
{¶10} On February 26, 2015, the magistrate recommended via a twenty-page
decision that temporary custody by the agency of A.S. and her two siblings be terminated.
The magistrate further recommended inter alia an order of legal custody of A.S. to Misty
Metcalf and Tim Metcalf.
{¶11} On March 11, 2015, appellant filed an objection to the magistrate's
decision.
{¶12} On May 12, 2015, the trial court, following a non-oral hearing, issued a
judgment entry overruling the objections and adopting the magistrate's decision.
{¶13} Appellant filed a notice of appeal on May 29, 2015. She herein raises the
following four Assignments of Error:
{¶14} “I. THE MOTHER CONTENDS THAT THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN
AWARDING LEGAL CUSTODY OF HER CHILDREN TO THREE SEPARATE
CAREGIVERS BASED UPON THE MOTHER RESOLVING OR SUBSTANTIALLY
MITIGATING THE PROBLEMS THAT LED TO THE NECESSITY FOR THE
Fairfield County, Case No. 15 CA 29 4
TEMPORARY CUSTODY. THE TRIAL COURT'S DECISION IS AGAINST THE
MANIFEST WEIGHT OF THE EVIDENCE.
{¶15} “II. THE COURT ERRED BY NOT FIRST DETERMINING THAT THE
MOTHER WAS UNSUITABLE TO PARENT HER CHILDREN.
{¶16} “III. THE AWARDING OF LEGAL CUSTODY TO THREE SEPARATE
CAREGIVERS IS NOT IN THE CHILDREN'S BEST INTEREST AND IS AGAINST THE
MANIFEST WEIGHT OF THE EVIDENCE AND WAS NOT SUPPORTED BY CLEAR
AND CONVINCING EVIDENCE.
{¶17} “IV. THE MOTHER CONTENDS THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN ITS
RELIANCE ON THE REPORTS OF THE GUARDIAN AD LITEM FOR [THE OLDER A.S.]
AND A.S. BASED UPON HER NOT FULFILLING THE REQUIREMENTS OF A
GUARDIAN AD LITEM AS OUTLINED IN THE SUPREME COURT RULES OF
SUPERINTENDENCE FOR COURTS OF OHIO, RULE 48(D).”
I.
{¶18} In her First Assignment of Error, appellant challenges the trial court’s award
of legal custody of A.S. to the Metcalfs, asserting that she has “resolv[ed] or substantially
mitigat[ed]” the problems leading to agency intervention.
{¶19} Appellant first directs us to the following factor for consideration under R.C.
2151.414(E)(1):
{¶20} “Following the placement of the child outside the child's home and
notwithstanding reasonable case planning and diligent efforts by the agency to assist the
parents to remedy the problems that initially caused the child to be placed outside the
Fairfield County, Case No. 15 CA 29 5
home, the parent has failed continuously and repeatedly to substantially remedy the
conditions causing the child to be placed outside the child's home. ***.”
{¶21} Appellant further points us to In re C.J.L., 4th Dist. Scioto No. 13CA3545,
2014-Ohio-1766, for the proposition that where the original problems have been resolved
or sufficiently mitigated, a trial court may not make further dispositional orders based upon
the original complaint. Id. at ¶ 22, citing In re Young Children, 76 Ohio St.3d 632, 638,
669 N.E.2d 1140 (1996).
{¶22} However, our reading of the relevant statutory sections reveals the General
Assembly put the R.C. 2151.414(E) factors in place for purposes of permanent custody
hearings held pursuant to R.C. 2151.414(A) and R.C. 2151.353(A)(4). As such,
consideration of subsection (E)(1), supra, is outside the scope of the present R.C.
2151.353(A)(3) legal custody issues. Furthermore, both C.J.L. and Young Children were
written in the context of trial court jurisdiction following the expiration of the “sunset date”
under R.C. 2151.353(F), which does not impact the case sub judice.
{¶23} Accordingly, appellant’s First Assignment of Error is overruled.
II.
{¶24} In her Second Assignment of Error, appellant contends the trial court erred
in not finding her unsuitable prior to making its decision to change legal custody. We
disagree.
{¶25} This Court has recognized that once a child has been adjudicated
dependent, it is no longer necessary to find the parent unsuitable since this is already a
determination via the dependency hearing; the focus must be on the best interest of the
child. See In re Burnette, 5th Dist. Licking No.2007CA00076, 2007–Ohio–6269, ¶ 28,
Fairfield County, Case No. 15 CA 29 6
citing In re C.R., 108 Ohio St.3d 369, 843 N.E.2d 1188, 2006–Ohio–1191, ¶ 10–¶ 12
(additional citations omitted).
{¶26} In the case sub judice, all three children at issue were found to be
dependent via judgment entry on November 26, 2013. As such, it is not incumbent herein
to focus on the issue of parental unsuitability; we will instead analyze the issue of best
interests, as set forth infra.
{¶27} Appellant's Second Assignment of Error is therefore overruled.
III.
{¶28} In her Third Assignment of Error, appellant argues the trial court’s award of
legal custody of A.S. to the Metcalfs was not in the child’s best interest. We disagree.
{¶29} In considering the best interest issue, we first note that as an appellate
court, we are not fact finders; we neither weigh the evidence nor judge the credibility of
witnesses. Our role is to determine whether there is relevant, competent and credible
evidence upon which the fact finder could base his or her judgment. Cross Truck v.
Jeffries, 5th Dist. Stark No. CA–5758, 1982 WL 2911. A reviewing court must determine
whether the finder of fact, in resolving conflicts in the evidence, clearly lost his or her way
and created such a manifest miscarriage of justice that the judgment must be reversed
and a new trial ordered. See Hunter v. Green, 5th Dist. Coshocton No. 12–CA–2, 2012–
Ohio–5801, 2012 WL 6094172, ¶ 25, citing Eastley v. Volkman, 132 Ohio St.3d 328, 972
N.E.2d 517, 2012–Ohio–2179. It is well-established that the trial court is in the best
position to determine the credibility of witnesses. See, e.g., In re Brown, 9th Dist. Summit
No. 21004, 2002–Ohio–3405, ¶ 9, citing State v. DeHass (1967), 10 Ohio St .2d 230, 227
N.E.2d 212.
Fairfield County, Case No. 15 CA 29 7
{¶30} Despite the differences between a disposition of permanent custody and a
disposition of legal custody, some Ohio courts have recognized that “the statutory best
interest test designed for the permanent custody situation may provide some ‘guidance’
for trial courts making legal custody decisions.” In re A.F., 9th Dist. Summit No. 24317,
2009–Ohio–333, ¶ 7, citing In re T.A., 9th Dist. Summit No. 22954, 2006–Ohio–4468, ¶
17. The test would thus encompass a consideration of factors including, but not limited
to: (1) the child's interaction with his or her parents, siblings, relatives, foster caregivers,
and others, (2) the child's wishes, which may be expressed by the guardian ad litem, (3)
the child's custodial history, and (4) the need for a legally secure permanent placement.
See R.C. 2151.414(D)(1).
{¶31} In the case sub judice, A.S. has been in agency custody since September
2013, and has actually been with the Metcalfs since June 2013. See Tr. at 243. The
ongoing agency caseworker, Heather Stoneburner, stated her awareness that Metcalfs
were unemployed at the time of the hearing, but she noted they were receiving
unemployment and kinship assistance. See Tr. at 228. Stoneburner testified that she had
no concerns about the Metcalfs’ ability to care for A.S. or to provide for her financially.
See Tr. at 244.
{¶32} Regarding appellant’s most recent activity on the case plan, Stoneburner
testified in part as follows:
{¶33} “I had asked that she attend counseling. She hasn't been able to do that.
And I had asked for [appellant’s boyfriend] Mark not to be around the children. She wasn't
able to do that. She's maintained housing and employment. She did complete parent
Fairfield County, Case No. 15 CA 29 8
education and continues to visit and have a bond with the children. The concern regarding
her ability to protect the children from unhealthy persons is still there.”
{¶34} Tr. at 200.
{¶35} Appellant further emphasizes that all three children were allowed extended
visitation time with appellant for a time, and Stoneburner indicated that on her
unannounced checks on the children, they were doing well. See Tr. at 220-221. However,
appellant concedes the agency stopped these visits because of an incident where
appellant kept A.S. overnight after the caregiver left to attend an activity. Appellant’s Brief
at 38. Appellant nonetheless maintains she is prepared and willing to give A.S. a secure
home, despite the trial court’s conclusion that the Metcalfs are appropriate caregivers who
are able to a safe home for A.S., and the guardian ad litem’s assessment that appellant
continues to have difficulty prioritizing her children over her relationships. It appears
undisputed that appellant has struggled with a dependent personality disorder impacting
her parenting role.
{¶36} Appellant also abruptly adds an ancillary argument, not separately assigned
as described in App.R. 16(A), that the trial court should have reviewed evidence that
allegedly arose after the magistrate issued her decision. Upon review, we find no
reversible error or abuse of discretion by the trial court in this regard.
{¶37} In analyzing the difficult decisions that must be made in these situations, we
remain mindful that unlike in a permanent custody proceeding where a juvenile court's
standard of review is by clear and convincing evidence, the standard of review in legal
custody proceedings is a preponderance of the evidence. See In re A.C., 12th Dist. Butler
No. CA2006–12–105, 2007–Ohio–3350 ¶ 14. In a similar vein, a juvenile court's
Fairfield County, Case No. 15 CA 29 9
disposition of legal custody to a relative or third party is different from permanent custody
to an agency because, among other things, it leaves intact residual parental rights,
privileges, and responsibilities. In re: N.P. 9th Dist. Summit No. 21707, 2004–Ohio–110,
¶ 23 (additional citations and internal quotations omitted). In this instance, upon review of
the record and the findings of fact and conclusions of law therein, we find no basis to alter
the decision of the trier of fact, and we conclude the grant of legal custody A.S. to the
Metcalfs was made in the consideration of the child's best interests and did not constitute
an error or an abuse of discretion.
{¶38} Accordingly, appellant's Third Assignment of Error is overruled.
IV.
{¶39} In her Fourth Assignment of Error, appellant argues the trial court erred in
relying on the recommendations of the guardian ad litem, Attorney Alyssa Parrott, who
appellant claims did not properly perform her duties under Sup.R. 48(D). We disagree.
{¶40} Rule 48(D) of the Ohio Rules of Superintendence is a lengthy statement of
the basic responsibilities of a guardian ad litem serving in an Ohio court, which are to be
performed “unless impracticable or inadvisable to do so.” These responsibilities include
representing the best interest of the child for whom the guardian is appointed, maintaining
independence, objectivity, and fairness, acting as an officer of the court, participating in
pertinent hearings, resolving any conflicts of interest that may arise, meeting qualifications
and training requirements, making reasonable efforts to become informed about the case
and to contact the parties, maintaining necessary confidentiality, and numerous other
considerations.
Fairfield County, Case No. 15 CA 29 10
{¶41} We have recognized that Sup.R. 48 is a general guideline that does not
have the force of statutory law, and therefore an appellant does not have any substantive
right to enforce it. Rice v. Rice, 5th Dist. Delaware No. 10 CAF 11 0091, 2011–Ohio–3099,
¶ 40, citing In re E.W., 4th Dist. Washington Nos. 10CA18, 10CA19, 10CA20. 2011–Ohio–
2123, ¶ 15. In general, the Ohio Rules of Superintendence are “purely internal
housekeeping rules which do not create substantive rights in individuals or procedural
law.” Elson v. Plokhooy, 3rd Dist. Shelby No. 17–10–24, 2011–Ohio–3009, ¶ 40.
{¶42} The record indicates that the GAL, Attorney Parrott, eventually resigned
after a conflict developed, but only as to the case of D.S., not A.S. and A.S. On December
12, 2014, appellant filed a motion to continue the legal custody evidentiary hearing,
setting forth a number of claimed failures by Parrott to carry out her responsibilities. The
trial court denied appellant’s motion to continue; however, appellant continues to assert
that Parrott inter alia failed to make adequate contact with the children, neglected
requisite visits to the caregivers’ homes, and did not meet with appellant’s witnesses or
appellant’s boyfriend outside of court.
{¶43} We emphasize that the trial court, as trier of fact, is permitted to assign
weight to the guardian ad litem's testimony and recommendation and to consider it in the
context of all the evidence before the court. In re T.C., 6th Dist. Lucas No. L-15-1106,
2015-Ohio-3665, ¶ 23, citing In re M.Z., 9th Dist. Lorain No. 11CA010104, 2012–Ohio–
3194. The decision of whether to consider a guardian ad litem report, even when the
guardian did not fully comply with Sup.R. 48(D), is within a trial court's discretion. See
Corey v. Corey, 2nd Dist. Greene No. 2013–CA–73, 2014–Ohio–3258, ¶ 9.
Fairfield County, Case No. 15 CA 29 11
{¶44} Upon review of the record, we are unpersuaded that the trial court abused
its discretion in utilizing the participation and reports of Attorney Parrott as the guardian
ad litem in this matter.
{¶45} Appellant's Fourth Assignment of Error is therefore overruled.
{¶46} For the reasons stated in the foregoing opinion, the decision of the Court of
Common Pleas, Juvenile Division, Fairfield County, Ohio, is hereby affirmed.
By: Wise, J.
Farmer, P. J., and
Delaney, J., concur.
JWW/d 1223