Filed 2/10/16 P. v. Aguilar CA4/1
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COURT OF APPEAL, FOURTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
DIVISION ONE
STATE OF CALIFORNIA
THE PEOPLE, D067505
Plaintiff and Respondent,
v. (Super. Ct. No. SCD255892)
MARTIN AGUILAR,
Defendant and Appellant.
APPEAL from a judgment of the Superior Court of San Diego County, Sharon B.
Majors-Lewis, Judge. Affirmed.
Leonard J. Klaif, under appointment by the Court of Appeal, for Defendant and
Appellant.
Kamala D. Harris, Attorney General, Gerald A. Engler, Chief Assistant Attorney
General, Julie L. Garland, Assistant Attorney General, Eric A. Swenson, Lynne G.
McGinnis and Kristine A. Gutierrez, Deputy Attorneys General, for Plaintiff and
Respondent.
A jury convicted defendant Martin Aguilar of two counts of assault with a deadly
weapon (Pen. Code, § 245, subd. (a)(1)),1 and found true that Aguilar personally used a
deadly weapon in the commission of the offenses (§ 1192.7, subd. (c)(23)) and
committed the offenses for the benefit of a criminal street gang within the meaning of
section 186.22, subdivision (b).
The court sentenced Aguilar to an eight-year term in state prison on each count,
and ordered the term on count 2 to be served concurrently with the term imposed on
count 1. The court also imposed various fines, including a $4,800 restitution fine under
section 1202.4, subdivision (b). Aguilar timely appealed. He contends the restitution
fine imposed under section 1202.4, subdivision (b), must be vacated.
ANALYSIS2
Aguilar argues the sentence, insofar as it required him to pay a $4,800 restitution
fine under section 1202.4, subdivision (b), must be vacated because the court was
unaware of its discretion to order a lesser fine and merely abdicated the decision on the
fine to the probation officer.
A. Legal Framework
Section 1202.4, subdivision (b), provides that a restitution fine must be imposed
"[i]n every case where a person is convicted of a crime." The fine must be a minimum of
1 Statutory references are to the Penal Code unless otherwise specified.
2 Because Aguilar makes no challenge on appeal to any of the convictions, and his
appellate challenge is not related to the facts of the offenses that formed the basis for the
jury's guilty verdicts or true findings, it is unnecessary to detail the evidence at trial.
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$300, and not more than $10,000 (§ 1202.4, subd. (b)(1)), and "[i]n setting a felony
restitution fine, the court may determine the amount of the fine as the product of the
minimum fine . . . multiplied by the number of years of imprisonment the defendant is
ordered to serve, multiplied by the number of felony counts of which the defendant is
convicted." (Id., subd. (b)(2).) The restitution fine is mandatory unless the sentencing
court "finds compelling and extraordinary reasons for not doing so and states those
reasons on the record," and the statute specifies that a defendant's inability to pay "shall
not be considered a compelling and extraordinary reason not to impose a restitution fine"
but "may be considered . . . in increasing the amount of the restitution fine in excess of
the minimum fine . . . ." (§ 1202.4, subd. (c).)
The trial court has wide discretion in deciding the amount of the fine within the
statutory parameters, and "there is no requirement that the court state its reasons for
imposing a particular amount." (People v. Gangemi (1993) 13 Cal.App.4th 1790, 1798.)
We will not disturb its order absent an abuse of discretion. (People v. Sy (2014) 223
Cal.App.4th 44, 63.)
B. Proceedings Below
At sentencing, after imposing the prison terms and imposing numerous fees and
victim restitution, the court clerk reminded the court "there's a restitution fine," and the
court stated "I said that already. So this is another one?" and the clerk answered, "Yes."
The court then asked the probation officer, "What is the normal restitution fine? What's
the statutory one?" and the probation officer then explained how the formula under
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section 1202.4, subdivision (b)(2), would produce an amount of $4,800. The court then
approved that amount. Aguilar raised no objection to that determination.
C. Analysis
Aguilar argues the order must be vacated because the court was unaware of its
discretion to order an amount less than $4,800 and merely abdicated to the probation
officer the decision as to the amount of the restitution.
As a preliminary matter, we conclude Aguilar's failure to object below precludes
him from raising the issue on appeal. As the court explained in People v. Gibson (1994)
27 Cal.App.4th 1466, 1469:
"[T]he need for orderly and efficient administration of the law—i.e.,
considerations of judicial economy—demand that defendant's failure
to object in the trial court to imposition of the restitution fine should
preclude him from contesting the fine on appeal. [Citations.]
Defendants routinely challenge on appeal restitution fines to which
they made no objection in the sentencing court. In virtually every
case, the probation report put the defendant on notice that a
restitution fine would be imposed. Requiring the defendant to object
to the fine in the sentencing court if he or she believes it is invalid
places no undue burden on the defendant and ensures that the
sentencing court will have an opportunity to correct any mistake that
might exist, thereby obviating the need for an appeal. Conversely,
allowing the defendant to belatedly challenge a restitution fine in the
absence of an objection in the sentencing court results in the undue
consumption of scarce judicial resources and an unjustifiable
expenditure of taxpayer monies. It requires, in almost all cases, the
appointment of counsel for the defendant at taxpayers' expense and
the expenditure of time and resources by the Attorney General to
respond to alleged errors which could have been corrected in the trial
court had an objection been made. Moreover, it adds to the already
burgeoning caseloads of appellate courts and unnecessarily requires
the costly depletion of appellate court resources to address purported
errors which could have been rectified in the trial court had an
objection been made. This needless consumption of resources and
taxpayer dollars is unacceptable, particularly since it greatly exceeds
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the amount of the fine at issue. . . . [¶] We conclude that in the
interests of fairness to the sentencing court, fairness to the opposing
party, and the needs for an orderly and efficient administration of
law and judicial economy, a defendant's failure to object in the trial
court to the imposition of a restitution fine constitutes a waiver of
the right to complain thereof on appeal."
However, even assuming it was not forfeited, Aguilar's claim that the court did not
exercise its discretion when it set the amount is unconvincing. The amount of restitution
ordered by the court was set only after the court sought guidance from the probation
officer on the "the normal restitution fine" or the "statutory one" and, after the probation
officer correctly advised the court of the statutorily approved formula under section
1202.4, subdivision (b)(2) for calculating that fine, the court adopted the fine produced by
that calculus. No further articulation of the reasons for the court's determination as to the
amount of the restitution fine was necessary. (Id., subd. (d) ["Express findings by the
court as to the factors bearing on the amount of the fine shall not be required."].)
Aguilar appears to argue the court, by seeking advice from the probation officer on
the "the normal restitution fine" or the "statutory one," and ultimately approving the
recommended amount, somehow abdicated its discretion and delegated the decision to
the probation officer. However, the courts have long recognized that a trial judge must
consider all the facts and circumstances of the case, including the probation officer's
report, and our Supreme Court noted in People v. Warner (1978) 20 Cal.3d 678, at page
683, that "[t]he Legislature clearly assigned an important role to [the probation officer]
when it provided that a probation report, including recommendations, is to be prepared in
every felony case in which the defendant is eligible for probation and, further, that the
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court must 'consider' the report, stating for the record that it has done so. [Citation.]
However, having considered them, the court 'may reject in toto the report and
recommendation of the probation officer.' [Citations.] 'The primary function served by
the probation report required by section 1203 is to assist the court in determining an
appropriate disposition after conviction.' [Citation.] In the final analysis that
determination is a matter of judgment for the court, not the probation officer." We
conclude a trial court does not abuse its discretion, but rather fulfills its duties, when it
seeks guidance from the probation officer during sentencing, and the mere fact it
ultimately adopts those recommendations provides no basis for claiming the trial court
thereby abdicated its responsibilities.
DISPOSITION
The judgment is affirmed.
McDONALD, J.
WE CONCUR:
HALLER, Acting P. J.
AARON, J.
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