Filed 2/19/16 Pointe San Diego Residential Community v. Weingarten CA4/1
NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN OFFICIAL REPORTS
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COURT OF APPEAL, FOURTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
DIVISION ONE
STATE OF CALIFORNIA
POINTE SAN DIEGO RESIDENTIAL D066395
COMMUNITY, L.P. et al.,
Plaintiffs and Respondents,
(Super. Ct. No. GIC809277)
v.
PALOMBA WEINGARTEN et al.,
Defendants;
ANZA BUTTERFIELD ROAD 34, LLC,
Intervener and Appellant.
APPEAL from a judgment and orders of the Superior Court of San Diego County,
Ronald L. Styn, Judge. Reversed and remanded with directions.
Best Best & Krieger, Robert J. Hanna, Matthew L. Green and Irene S. Zurko for
Intervener and Appellant.
Vivoli Sacuzzo, Michael W. Vivoli; Dentons US and Charles A. Bird for Plaintiffs
and Respondents.
Anza Butterfield Road 34, LLC (Anza) appeals a judgment entered in favor of
plaintiffs Pointe San Diego Residential Community, L.P., Gosnell Builders Corporation
of California, and Pointe SDMU, L.P. (collectively Pointe) and against defendants
Palomba Weingarten, W.W.I. Properties, LLC (WWI), Atlas Holdings Corporation, and
Astra Management Corp. (collectively Weingarten) and prejudgment orders denying
Anza's motions for leave to intervene in the action. As discussed below, Anza contends
the trial court erred by denying its motions for leave to intervene in the action and
entering the judgment on the parties' stipulation for rescission of some of the various
transactions among them that occurred more than 17 years earlier. Anza asserts that,
contrary to the court's conclusion, its first motion for leave to intervene in Pointe's fifth
cause of action for rescission complied with all of the requirements for mandatory
intervention under Code of Civil Procedure section 387, subdivision (b).1 It also asserts
the court erred by entering the judgment on stipulation because the rescission agreement
between Pointe and Weingarten is invalid and/or void.
1 All statutory references are to the Code of Civil Procedure unless otherwise
specified.
2
FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND2
In 2003, Pointe filed the instant action against Weingarten alleging causes of
action for rescission of a series of complex 1996 transactions involving the development
of a 1,000-acre mixed use real property project known as The Pointe San Diego in the
Spring Valley area of San Diego County. The project would include more than 900
single-family residences. As part of the project, Weingarten provided financing to Pointe
and received in return certain real property, including the Dictionary Hill (also known as
the Private Drive Estates) single-family residential development, title to which was
ultimately transferred to WWI. In 2006, WWI obtained a $3.8 million loan from D&A
Semi-Annual Mortgage Fund III, L.P. (D&A), secured by a trust deed against the
Dictionary Hill property. However, WWI subsequently defaulted on that loan and at a
trustee's sale in 2009 D&A acquired title to the Dictionary Hill property. D&A
subsequently sold the Dictionary Hill property to GFI-Sabre Springs, Inc., which in turn
transferred it to Anza in 2011.
Pointe's fifth cause of action against Weingarten for rescission alleged it
transferred real property to WWI based on Weingarten's fraudulent promises and sought
partial rescission of the 1996 transactions (i.e., recovery of title to only the Dictionary
Hill property). In 2009, Palomba Weingarten's chapter 11 bankruptcy proceeding
2 For purposes of deciding this appeal, we need not summarize all of the complex
transactions, and extensive litigation following those transactions, among the various
parties. For a more detailed discussion of the transactions and prior litigation in this
matter, see Pointe San Diego Residential Community, L.P. v. W.W.I. Properties, L.L.C.
(Jul. 11, 2007, D044695) [nonpub. opn.].
3
apparently was converted to a chapter 7 proceeding. In December 2013, Pointe and
Weingarten entered into an agreement of mutual rescission (Agreement), pursuant to
which they purported to rescind the 1996 transaction "in its entirety" and stated that title
to the Dictionary Hill property "held by WWI as of January 1996 shall be returned to
[Pointe]." Pursuant to the Agreement, Pointe and Weingarten stipulated to entry of a
judgment in the instant action in favor of Pointe on its rescission cause of action with the
remaining causes of action to be dismissed.
In December 2013, Anza (and D&A) filed a motion for leave to intervene in the
action between Pointe and Weingarten, asserting Anza held title to the Dictionary Hill
property and its interest in that property was no longer adequately represented by any
party in that action.3 Anza argued the proposed judgment on stipulation submitted to the
trial court by Pointe and Weingarten sought the return to Pointe of title to the Dictionary
Hill property and a declaration that Pointe's title to that property is superior to any other
title.4 On March 21, 2014, citing Anza's failure to submit a proposed complaint in
intervention that would show its position on the pleadings in the action, the court denied
3 Because D&A has not filed a notice of appeal challenging the judgment and orders
in this case, we limit our discussion to Anza's motions and arguments below and
disregard any joint or separate motions and arguments by D&A.
4 The proposed judgment on stipulation provided in part: "[Pointe] shall have
judgment in their favor on their fifth cause of action for rescission . . . and fee title
ownership of the remaining portion of the Pointe San Diego Residential project as of the
filing of [Pointe's] complaint, commonly known as [Dictionary Hill] shall vest in
[Pointe], and [Pointe's] title shall be superior to any other title as of the date of filing of
[Pointe's] complaint."
4
its motion for leave to intervene. In April, Anza filed a second motion for leave to
intervene or, alternatively, to renew or reconsider its first motion for leave to intervene.
On May 9, the trial court denied that motion on the ground it did not comply with section
1008's requirements for motions for reconsideration. On June 12, the court entered a
judgment on stipulation in Pointe's favor on its fifth cause of action for rescission of the
parties' 1996 transactions and ordered fee title ownership of the Dictionary Hill property
reconveyed to Pointe. In so doing, the court omitted language from the parties' proposed
judgment that would have stated: "[Pointe's] title shall be superior to any other title as of
the date of filing of [Pointe's] complaint." Rather, the court ordered: "[N]othing in this
Judgment shall effect [sic] the rights or priorities of the parties in [Anza's separate quiet
title action against Pointe]." Anza timely filed a notice of appeal challenging the
judgment and both orders denying its motions for leave to intervene in the action.
DISCUSSION
I
Anza's Standing to Appeal
In a cursory fashion, Pointe asserts Anza's appeal must be dismissed because it
does not have standing to appeal the judgment and, apparently, the prejudgment orders,
arguing Anza was not "aggrieved" by the judgment and orders as required by section 902.
It argues that because the judgment preserves Anza's ability to litigate all of its
contentions in the quiet title action it filed against Pointe, Anza is not aggrieved and
therefore does not have standing under section 902. We disagree.
5
A
Standing to appeal is jurisdictional and liberally construed. (People v. Stark
(2005) 131 Cal.App.4th 184, 200 (Stark).) Section 902 provides: "Any party aggrieved
may appeal . . . ." A person may, in certain circumstances, be sufficiently aggrieved to
appeal a judgment whether or not that person is a party of record. (Stark, at p. 200
[nonparty has standing to appeal a judgment or order to which the nonparty is bound
under the doctrine of res judicata]; Life v. County of Los Angeles (1990) 218 Cal.App.3d
1287, 1292; County of Alameda v. Carleson (1971) 5 Cal.3d 730, 736; Burrow v. Pike
(1987) 190 Cal.App.3d 384, 388-392.) To be sufficiently aggrieved by a judgment or
order, the appellant's rights or interests must be injuriously affected in an immediate,
pecuniary, and substantial way and not in a nominal or remote consequence of the
judgment or order. (Stark, at p. 201; Marsh v. Mountain Zephyr, Inc. (1996) 43
Cal.App.4th 289, 295.)
B
"An order denying intervention is directly appealable because it finally and
adversely determines the right of the moving party to proceed in the action." (Bame v.
City of Del Mar (2001) 86 Cal.App.4th 1346, 1363; Siena Court Homeowners Assn. v.
Green Valley Corp. (2008) 164 Cal.App.4th 1416, 1422 (Siena).) Anza is entitled to
appeal the trial court's orders denying its motions for leave to intervene. (Cf. ibid.)
Likewise, as an unsuccessful moving party, Anza is a party of record at least as to its
motions for leave to intervene.
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C
Furthermore, based on our review of the record, we conclude, as a matter of law,
Anza was sufficiently aggrieved by the trial court's orders denying its motions for leave
to intervene in the instant action that it has standing to appeal those orders. By its denial
of Anza's first motion, the court precluded Anza from filing a complaint in intervention
on Pointe's rescission cause of action and challenging the parties' proposed judgment on
stipulation declaring that title to the Dictionary Hill property vested in Pointe and that its
title was superior to any other title as of the date of the filing of its complaint. Anza
claimed title to the Dictionary Hill property by virtue of its purchase of the property after
Weingarten's lender foreclosed on the trust deed on that property. Pointe's proposed
judgment and attempt to reclaim title to the Dictionary Hill property was therefore in
direct conflict with Anza's claim of title to that property. Although the judgment
ultimately entered by the court after denying Anza's motion to intervene omitted
language that Pointe's title was superior to any other claims to title, it nevertheless
ordered that fee title ownership of the Dictionary Hill property was reconveyed to Pointe.
In denying Anza's motion to intervene and entering that judgment, the court injuriously
affected Anza's rights or interests in the Dictionary Hill property in an immediate,
pecuniary, and substantial way and not in a nominal or remote consequence of the
judgment or order.5 (Stark, supra, 131 Cal.App.4th at p. 201; Marsh v. Mountain
5 Furthermore, Anza was also aggrieved by Pointe's defensive use of the judgment
on stipulation in Anza's separate quiet title action against Pointe. In that action, Pointe
argued the judgment on stipulation, along with its lis pendens, showed its title to the
Dictionary Hill property had priority over Anza's claim of title to that property.
7
Zephyr, Inc., supra, 43 Cal.App.4th at p. 295.) Contrary to Pointe's assertion, the fact the
judgment included language providing that "nothing in this Judgment shall effect [sic] the
rights or priorities of the parties in [Anza's separate quiet title action against Pointe]" does
not show Anza was not, or could not have been, aggrieved by the order and judgment.
By virtue of the orders and judgment, Anza was required to prosecute its separate quiet
title claim and otherwise incur additional costs in defending its claim of title to the
Dictionary Hill property. We conclude Anza was aggrieved not only by the orders
denying its motions to intervene but also by the judgment entered "reconveying" title of
the Dictionary Hill property to Pointe. Anza has standing to appeal those orders and the
judgment.
II
Order Denying Anza's First Motion for Leave to Intervene
Anza contends the trial court erred by denying its first motion for leave to
intervene. It argues its motion for leave to intervene in the fifth cause of action for
rescission complied with all of the requirements for mandatory intervention under section
387, subdivision (b), and the court wrongly denied its motion based on its failure to
submit a proposed complaint in intervention.
A
As discussed above, Pointe and Weingarten entered into the Agreement pursuant
to which they purported to rescind the 1996 transaction "in its entirety" and stated that
title to the Dictionary Hill property "held by WWI as of January 1996 shall be returned to
[Pointe]." They stipulated to entry of a judgment in the instant action in favor of Pointe
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on its rescission cause of action. Anza then filed a motion for leave to intervene in the
action, asserting it held title to the Dictionary Hill property and its interest in that
property was no longer adequately represented by any party in that action. It argued the
parties' proposed judgment on stipulation submitted to the trial court sought the return to
Pointe of title to the Dictionary Hill property and a declaration that Pointe's title to that
property is superior to any other title.
Pointe opposed Anza's motion for leave to intervene, arguing Anza unreasonably
delayed in seeking to intervene and had failed to submit a proposed complaint in
intervention. Citing Bowles v. Superior Court (1955) 44 Cal.2d 574 (Bowles), it argued:
"On a very basic level, the motion to intervene here is improper as it fails to include a
proposed complaint in intervention. Case law is clear that the Court must be presented
with the proposed pleading to evaluate whether it presents an appropriate case for
intervention. . . . Here, as no proposed pleading has been included with the moving
papers, this motion must be denied as procedurally inadequate and incomplete."
Regarding Anza's purported unreasonable delay, Pointe argued that its delay was "made
more egregious by the fact Anza and D&A have been aware . . . that the outcome of this
action had the absolute potential, and indeed the likelihood[,] of harming their title in the
Dictionary Hill Property."
The trial court denied Anza's motion for leave to intervene. In so doing, it first
quoted language from Bowles that the right to intervene is statutory and a person should
be allowed to intervene only if he or she takes a position on the pleadings. It also noted
that in Bowles the moving party submitted a proposed complaint in intervention that did
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not meet those requirements. Applying that law to this case, the court stated: "[Anza]
fail[ed] to submit any proposed complaint in intervention. Thus, it is unknown whether
[it] 'take[s] a position on the pleadings in accordance with the requirements of section
387.' " The court rejected Anza's argument that Pointe was well aware from its motion
for leave to intervene, as well as from its prior filings in the case, that Anza sought to
resume the defense of Pointe's rescission cause of action Weingarten had abandoned.
The court concluded: "Irrespective of what [Anza] may have stated in previous motions
and filings with the court, absent a pleading setting forth [Anza's] claims in this case, [it]
fail[s] to meet the statutory requirements for intervention." (Italics added.)
B
Section 387 provides two alternative means for intervention in an action (i.e.,
either permissive or mandatory intervention). Section 387, subdivision (a), provides for
permissive intervention. Subdivision 387, subdivision (b), on which Anza relies in this
appeal, was added in 1977 and provides for mandatory intervention, stating:
"If any provision of law confers an unconditional right to intervene
or if the person seeking intervention claims an interest relating to the
property or transaction which is the subject of the action and that
person is so situated that the disposition of the action may as a
practical matter impair or impede that person's ability to protect
that interest, unless that person's interest is adequately represented
by existing parties, the court shall, upon timely application, permit
that person to intervene." (Italics added; see Historical and Statutory
Notes, 14 West's Ann. Code Civ. Proc. (2004 ed.) foll. § 387,
p. 383.)
The threshold question for mandatory intervention under section 387, subdivision (b), is
whether the person has an interest relating to the property or transaction that is the subject
10
of the action. (Siena, supra, 164 Cal.App.4th at p. 1423.) If that threshold showing is
made, the person must then show he or she " 'is so situated that the disposition of the
action may as a practical matter impair or impede that person's ability to protect that
interest.' " (Id. at p. 1424.) "Once this showing is made, the court must permit the person
to intervene unless the 'person's interest is adequately represented by existing parties.' "
(Ibid.)
C
Anza asserts that because it satisfied all of the statutory requirements for
mandatory intervention under section 387, subdivision (b), the trial court erred by
denying its motion for leave to intervene in the instant action. It argues the court erred by
denying its motion based on its failure to submit with its motion a proposed complaint in
intervention. Anza argues that neither section 387, subdivision (b), nor relevant case law
(e.g., Bowles), requires the submission of a proposed complaint in intervention for
mandatory intervention to be granted.
We agree with Anza and conclude neither the statutory language of section 387,
subdivision (b), nor relevant case law require a person to submit a proposed complaint in
intervention before a trial court may grant a motion for mandatory intervention. On the
contrary, absent an unconditional statutory right to intervene, section 387, subdivision
(b), requires the moving person to show only three elements: (1) an interest relating to the
property or transaction that is the subject of the action; (2) he or she is so situated that the
disposition of the action may, as a practical matter, impair or impede that person's ability
11
to protect that interest; and (3) the person's interest is not adequately represented by
existing parties. (Siena, supra, 164 Cal.App.4th at pp. 1423-1424.)
There is nothing in the language of section 387, subdivision (b), that requires the
moving person to submit a proposed complaint in intervention. Likewise, contrary to the
trial court's conclusion, there is no published case of which we are aware that requires
submission of a proposed complaint in intervention as part of a section 387, subdivision
(b), motion. Bowles, cited by Pointe and relied on by the trial court, not only is factually
inapposite, but also does not stand for the proposition on which the court apparently
relied. Bowles was decided in 1955 when section 387 provided for only permissive
intervention. The language of section 387 at that time was substantially the same as that
included in the current version of section 387, subdivision (a). (See § 387, subd. (a);
Bowles, supra, 44 Cal.2d at p. 588, fn. 5.) Accordingly, Bowles could not, and did not,
address the statutory requirements for mandatory intervention, which appear in section
387, subdivision (b), and were enacted in 1977. In any event, Bowles does not hold that a
proposed complaint in intervention is required for permissive intervention under section
387. Rather, in that case the moving person had submitted a proposed complaint in
intervention, but that proposed complaint did not reveal what the person's position was on
the pleadings in that case. (Id. at p. 589.) There is nothing in Bowles that holds a moving
person is required to submit a proposed complaint in intervention to disclose what
position he or she takes on the pleadings in the case. Anza's omission of a proposed
complaint in intervention was not a ground on which the trial court could deny its motion
for leave to intervene.
12
Furthermore, assuming arguendo that a fourth (and nonstatutory) element is
required for mandatory intervention under section 387, subdivision (b), namely, a
showing of the moving person's position on the pleadings in the action per Bowles, that
showing was clearly made by Anza in the circumstances of this case. It sought to
intervene in the case to defend Pointe's rescission cause of action and prevent the
reconveyance of the Dictionary Hill property from Weingarten to Pointe. It clearly did so
because it claimed title to that same property. At a minimum, Anza's moving papers
implicitly, if not expressly, disclosed that Anza sought to defend Pointe's fifth cause of
action for rescission of the 1996 transaction with Weingarten and Pointe's attempt to
obtain reconveyance to it of the Dictionary Hill property. Anza's moving papers,
especially considering its prior filings in the matter, left no doubt that it claimed title to
the Dictionary Hill property and sought to prevent Pointe from rescinding its 1996
transaction with Weingarten and obtaining a reconveyance to it of the Dictionary Hill
property. No person could reasonably infer that Anza sought to intervene in the case to
support Pointe's attempt to regain title to the Dictionary Hill property. Therefore, even if
Anza was required to disclose its position on the pleadings in the case, it adequately did
so. The trial court erred by denying Anza's motion on that ground.
D
We address the question of whether Anza satisfied all three requirements for
mandatory intervention under section 387, subdivision (b). Pointe concedes Anza
satisfied the first and third requirements (i.e., (1) Anza had an interest relating to the
Dictionary Hill property that is the subject of the action; and (3) its interest was not
13
adequately represented by existing parties (e.g., Weingarten)). Rather, Pointe argues
Anza did not meet its burden to show the second element, i.e., Anza was so situated that
the disposition of the action may, as a practical matter, impair or impede its ability to
protect that interest. (§ 387, subd. (b); Siena, supra, 164 Cal.App.4th at p. 1424.)
Based on our independent review of Anza's moving papers and the circumstances
of this case, we conclude Anza satisfied its burden to show it was so situated that the
disposition of Pointe's rescission cause of action may, as a practical matter, impair or
impede its (Anza's) ability to protect its interest in the Dictionary Hill property. At the
time of Anza's motion, Pointe had submitted a proposed judgment on stipulation that
would not only return to Pointe title to the Dictionary Hill property, but also would
declare that Pointe's title to that property was superior to any other title (e.g., Anza's
claim to title). Thus, Anza's ability to protect its interest in the Dictionary Hill property
was potentially impaired or impeded by Pointe's rescission cause of action and, in
particular, its attempt to obtain a judgment on stipulation that would directly contravene,
or conflict with, Anza's claim of title to that property.
Contrary to Pointe's assertion, the fact that Anza filed a separate quiet title action
against it the day before Anza filed its motion for leave to intervene in this action does
not show that Pointe's rescission cause of action and proposed judgment on stipulation
could not possibly impair or impede Anza's ability to protect its interest in the Dictionary
Hill property. Rather, Anza's separate quiet title action was simply another means by
14
which it sought to protect its claim of title to the Dictionary Hill property. 6 Anza had no
assurance that its separate action would be successful. Furthermore, had Anza been
allowed to intervene in the instant action, it is possible it may have been able to prevent
the entry of the judgment on stipulation that awarded to Pointe mutual rescission of the
1996 transaction and reconveyance to Pointe of the Dictionary Hill property. Had Anza
been successful in preventing entry of that judgment, its separate quiet title action against
Pointe may have become unnecessary and moot. Based on the same reasoning, we also
reject Pointe's assertion that Anza's ability to protect its interest in the Dictionary Hill
property could not have been impaired or impeded (or that Anza was not aggrieved or
prejudiced) by Pointe's rescission cause of action and the judgment on stipulation entered
thereon because that judgment included a provision stating it did not affect the rights or
priorities of the parties in Anza's separate quiet title action. We conclude Anza carried its
burden to show it satisfied the second element for mandatory intervention under section
387, subdivision (b).
E
Although Pointe appears to have abandoned on appeal its argument below that
Anza unduly delayed in moving for leave to intervene, we nevertheless briefly address
6 Pointe also misstates Anza's burden in moving for leave to intervene. It argues
that because Anza did not show its separate quiet title action could not have protected its
interest in the Dictionary Hill property, it did not carry its burden in moving for leave to
intervene. On the contrary, it was not Anza's burden to show there were no other means
for it to protect its interest in the Dictionary Hill property. Rather, its burden on the
second element was to show it was so situated that disposition of Pointe's rescission
cause of action may, as a practical matter, impair or impede its ability to protect its
interest in that property. (§ 387, subd. (b).) We conclude Anza met that burden.
15
that issue. Until such time as Weingarten ceased actively defending Pointe's rescission
cause of action against it and entered into the Agreement with Pointe, Anza had no reason
to intervene because Weingarten presumably was adequately representing its interest in
the Dictionary Hill property by defending the rescission cause of action. However, on
December 11, 2013, when Weingarten ceased her defense of that cause of action and
entered into the Agreement, Anza's interest in the Dictionary Hill property was no longer
adequately represented in the action. (§ 387, subd. (b).) By any standard, Anza acted
promptly by moving for leave to intervene in the action on December 18, 2013, only one
week after Weingarten entered into the Agreement. We conclude Anza timely filed its
motion for leave to intervene in the action.
F
Because we conclude the trial court erred by denying Anza's first motion for leave
to intervene in the action under section 387, subdivision (b), we need not, and do not,
address whether the court also erred by denying that motion to the extent it sought
permissive intervention under section 387, subdivision (a). Likewise, because we
conclude the court erred by denying Anza's first motion for leave to intervene, we need
not, and do not, address whether the court erred by denying Anza's second motion for
leave to intervene or, alternatively, to renew or reconsider its first motion for leave to
intervene.
Furthermore, because we conclude the trial court erred by denying Anza's first
motion for leave to intervene, we need not, and do not, address whether the trial court
should have denied the parties' request for entry of the judgment on stipulation because
16
the Agreement was void and/or invalid for not requiring full restoration of the parties'
pre-1996 positions. Although Anza made substantive legal arguments below and argues
on appeal that the judgment on stipulation should be reversed because it was based on the
Agreement that was void and/or invalid for failure to require full restoration of the
parties' positions, we reverse the judgment instead because, as discussed below, the court
prejudicially erred by denying Anza's motion for leave to intervene in the action.
III
Anza's Requests for Judicial Notice
During the pendency of this appeal, Anza filed two motions for judicial notice.
On January 30, 2015, it requested that we take judicial notice of Pointe's fifth amended
complaint against Procopio, Cory, Hargreaves & Savitch, LLP, and Steven Strauss for
negligence and legal malpractice arising out of their representation of Pointe. In its
motion, Anza argues that separate action by Pointe shows the Agreement did not require
the full restoration of the parties' positions because it does not require the return of $3.8
million paid by Atlas Holdings Group, Inc., to purchase a $108 million note held by Long
Term Credit Bank of Japan or restoration of about $12 million in personal tax benefits
received by Palomba Weingarten by virtue of the 1996 transactions. Anza also argues it
shows Pointe alleges its former counsel committed malpractice by dismissing its
rescission cause of action because rescission would have required Weingarten to return
the value of the tax benefits, less the amount of her cash outlay. On February 19, 2015,
we issued an order stating we would consider the request for judicial notice concurrently
with the appeal. We now deny that request for judicial notice.
17
On November 5, 2015, Anza filed a second motion for judicial notice. Anza
requests that we take judicial notice of various documents filed in its separate quiet title
action against Pointe, including: (1) the September 2, 2015, judgment entered in Anza's
favor; (2) Anza's trial brief; (3) Pointe's trial brief; (4) the trial court's statement of
decision; (5) Pointe's notice of appeal challenging the September 2, 2015, judgment; and
(6) the notice of filing of Pointe's notice of appeal. On December 1, 2015, we issued an
order stating we would consider the request for judicial notice concurrently with the
appeal. Because the above documents are relevant to the issues in this appeal and consist
of records of the trial court, we grant Anza's request and take judicial notice of them.
(Evid. Code, §§ 459, 452, subd. (d).)
IV
Prejudice
To the extent Pointe argues the trial court's error in denying Anza's motion for
leave to intervene was not prejudicial, we disagree. Had the court granted Anza's motion,
it presumably would have been able to file a complaint in intervention, oppose the
Agreement and the parties' proposed judgment on stipulation, and otherwise defend
Pointe's rescission cause of action. Furthermore, given Anza's argument below and on
appeal regarding the failure of the Agreement to fully restore the parties to their former
positions (which argument Pointe does not refute on appeal), we believe it is reasonably
probable Anza would have obtained a more favorable result had the court granted its
motion for leave to intervene. (People v. Watson (1956) 46 Cal.2d 818, 836.)
Alternatively stated, there is a reasonable chance, more than an abstract possibility, the
18
court would not have entered judgment in Pointe's favor on its rescission cause of action
and, in particular, would not have ordered the Dictionary Hill property reconveyed to
Pointe. (College Hospital Inc. v. Superior Court (1994) 8 Cal.4th 704, 715.) Therefore,
the court's error in denying Anza's motion for leave to intervene also requires reversal of
its judgment on stipulation.
DISPOSITION
The March 14, 2014, order denying Anza's motion for leave to intervene and the
judgment entered on June 12, 2014, are reversed and the matter is remanded with
directions that the trial court vacate its March 14, 2014, order and issue a new order
granting Anza's motion for leave to intervene under section 387, subdivision (b), and
conduct further proceedings consistent with this opinion. Anza shall recover its costs on
appeal.
McDONALD, J.
WE CONCUR:
HUFFMAN, Acting P. J.
NARES, J.
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