[Cite as Cincinnati Equine v. Sandringham Farm, 2016-Ohio-803.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS
FIRST APPELLATE DISTRICT OF OHIO
HAMILTON COUNTY, OHIO
CINCINNATI EQUINE, LLC, : APPEAL NO. C-150067
TRIAL NO. 08CV-15831
Plaintiff-Appellee, :
O P I N I O N.
vs. :
SANDRINGHAM FARM, LLC, :
Defendant-Appellant. :
Civil Appeal From: Hamilton County Municipal Court
Judgment Appealed From Is: Reversed and Cause Remanded
Date of Judgment Entry on Appeal: March 4, 2016
Graydon Head & Ritchey, LLP, Harry J. Finke IV and Harry W. Cappel, for
Plaintiff-Appellee,
Freund Freeze & Arnold, LPA, Jack S. Gatlin and Thomas P. Doyle, and Miller
Wells, PLLC, William C. Rambicure and David A. Cohen, for Defendant-Appellant.
Please note: this case has been removed from the accelerated calendar.
O HIO F IRST D ISTRICT C OURT OF A PPEALS
M OCK , Judge.
{¶1} Plaintiff-appellee Cincinnati Equine, LLC, operates a large-animal
veterinary practice in Ohio. Defendant-appellant Sandringham Farm, LLC,
purportedly owns race horses and has a principal place of business in Georgetown,
Kentucky. In May 2008, Cincinnati Equine filed a complaint in the Hamilton County
Municipal Court claiming that Sandringham Farm owed $2,142.45 for veterinary
services “the majority of which were provided in Hamilton County, Ohio.”
{¶2} The complaint was served on Mr. and Mrs. Thomas J. Young as
members of Sandringham Farm at addresses in Georgetown, Kentucky, and Naples,
Florida. Thomas Young attempted to file a pro se answer on behalf of the
corporation, but the trial court struck the pleading. Young filed several other
pleadings, but the corporation did not appear in the action.
{¶3} Cincinnati Equine filed a motion for a default judgment, which was
denied by the trial court without explanation. Cincinnati Equine then filed a motion
for summary judgment. In support of the motion, it submitted an affidavit in which
it stated that it had “an agreement with Sandringham Farm” to provide veterinarian
services to the horses listed on the attached invoice. The invoice listed three horses
and five separate dates of service. On November 5, 2008, the trial court granted the
motion for summary judgment.
{¶4} After some initial attempts to collect on the judgment, nothing
happened in the case until 2014. At that point, Sandringham Farm, represented by
counsel, appeared in the action and filed a verified motion to void the judgment. As
part of that motion, Young averred that the three horses listed on the invoice
belonged to him, not to Sandringham Farm. He also averred that the horses were
2
O HIO F IRST D ISTRICT C OURT OF A PPEALS
mostly maintained in Kentucky and raced at Turfway Park in Kentucky. He further
stated that Cincinnati Equine provided most of the care for Young’s horses in Boone
County, Kentucky. Cincinnati Equine submitted a counter-affidavit that stated only
that “[p]rior to the filing of the Complaint in this case, [Cincinnati Equine]
performed veterinary services for Sandringham Farm, LLC in both Hamilton County,
Ohio and Kentucky.”
{¶5} The trial court denied the motion to void the judgment without an
evidentiary hearing. In three assignments of error, Sandringham Farm now appeals.
{¶6} In its first assignment of error, Sandringham Farm claims that the
trial court erred when it granted Cincinnati Equine’s motion for summary judgment.
In its second assignment of error, Sandringham Farm claims that the trial court
erred when it struck Young’s pro se answer. But both of those decisions became final
and appealable on November 5, 2008, when the trial court entered final judgment in
the case. See R.C. 2505.02(B)(1). The time to appeal those decisions has run. See
App.R. 4(A)(1). We overrule Sandringham Farm’s first two assignments of error.
{¶7} In its third assignment of error, Sandringham Farm claims that the
trial court erred when it denied the motion to void the judgment. We conclude that
the trial court should have conducted an evidentiary hearing before ruling on the
motion.
{¶8} As this court has previously noted, “a judgment rendered without
personal jurisdiction over a defendant is void.” Bardes v. Great Gatsby’s Auction
Gallery, 1st Dist. Hamilton No. C-960421, 1997 Ohio App. LEXIS 1611, *4 (Apr. 23,
1997), citing Compuserve, Inc. v. Trionfo, 91 Ohio App.3d 157, 161, 631 N.E.2d 1120
(10th Dist.1993). A void judgment is a nullity that may be collaterally attacked at any
time. Lingo v. State, 138 Ohio St.3d 427, 2014-Ohio-1052, 7 N.E.3d 1188, ¶ 46;
3
O HIO F IRST D ISTRICT C OURT OF A PPEALS
Boehm, Kurtz & Lowry v. Evans Landscaping, Inc., 1st Dist. Hamilton No. C-
140597, 2015-Ohio-2692, ¶ 9.
{¶9} Cincinnati Equine cites our decision in Estate of Hodary v. Chancey,
1st Dist. Hamilton No. C-980896, 1999 Ohio App. LEXIS 6024 (Dec. 17, 1999), for
the proposition that Sandringham Farm has waived the argument that the trial court
lacked personal jurisdiction over it. In that case, we stated
[p]ersonal jurisdiction, unlike subject-matter jurisdiction, may be
waived. Civ.R. 12(B) requires that a defense of lack of personal
jurisdiction must be presented either in the defendant’s answer or by
motion prior to the filing of defendant’s answer. Thus, if the defense is
not asserted in a Civ.R. 12 motion, in a responsive pleading, or in a
Civ.R. 15(A) amended responsive pleading, such defense is waived.
Id. at 5. The distinction between Hodary and this case is that the defendant in
Hodary appeared in the action and filed an answer. In doing so, however, he failed
to “contest the trial court’s jurisdiction over him at that point [in his answer], or in
any motion prior to his answer, or in any amendment to his original answer.” Id.
{¶10} In this case, Young’s pro se attempts notwithstanding, Sandringham
Farm did not appear prior to the trial court’s decision granting summary judgment.
Where a defendant has not made an appearance in the matter, that defendant may
challenge the judgment as void for lack of personal jurisdiction by filing a common-
law motion to vacate or to set aside the judgment. See State ex rel. DeWine v. 9150
Group L.P., 9th Dist. Summit No. 25939, 2012-Ohio-3339, ¶ 7, citing Compuserve,
91 Ohio App.3d 157, 631 N.E.2d 1120.
{¶11} While Sandringham Farm concedes that it was properly served with
the complaint, proper service of process alone does not vest a court with personal
4
O HIO F IRST D ISTRICT C OURT OF A PPEALS
jurisdiction. During v. Quoico, 10th Dist. Franklin No. 11AP-735, 2012-Ohio-2990, ¶
26. Whether an Ohio court has personal jurisdiction over a nonresident defendant
involves a two-part inquiry. U.S. Sprint Communications Co. Ltd. Partnership v. Mr.
K’s Foods, Inc., 68 Ohio St.3d 181, 183, 624 N.E.2d 1048 (1994). First, we must
determine whether Ohio’s long-arm statute, R.C. 2307.382, and its complementary
civil rule, Civ.R. 4.3(A), confer jurisdiction. Id. at 184. If so, we next must decide
whether exercising jurisdiction comports with due process of law as guaranteed by
the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. Id. This due-process
requirement may be satisfied where the forum state has either specific or general
jurisdiction over a nonresident. Helicopteros Nacionales de Colombia, S.A. v. Hall,
466 U.S. 408, 414-415, 104 S.Ct. 1868, 80 L.Ed.2d 404 (1984), fn. 8 and 9.
{¶12} R.C. 2307.382 and Civ.R. 4.3(A) allow Ohio courts to exercise
jurisdiction over nonresident defendants in causes of action arising from several
enumerated circumstances, including a nonresident’s “[t]ransacting any business in
this state.” R.C. 2307.382(A)(1); Civ.R. 4.3(A)(1). Courts have construed this phrase
broadly to mean not only “to contract,” but also “to carry on business” and “to have
dealings.” Goldstein v. Christiansen, 70 Ohio St.3d 232, 236, 638 N.E.2d 541 (1994).
{¶13} As to general jurisdiction, a defendant who maintains “continuous
and systematic” contacts with the forum state may be subject to its jurisdiction, even
where the conduct complained of did not arise from the continuous and systematic
contacts. Helicopteros at 415; Internatl. Shoe Co. v. State of Washington, Office of
Unemp. Comp. & Placement, 326 U.S. 310, 318, 66 S.Ct. 154, 90 L.Ed. 95 (1945). But
the record contains no evidence that Sandringham Farm had contacts with Ohio
which were “continuous and systematic.”
5
O HIO F IRST D ISTRICT C OURT OF A PPEALS
{¶14} Alternately, three requirements must be met to establish specific
jurisdiction. Fern Exposition Servs., LLC v. Lenhof, 1st Dist. Hamilton No. C-
130791, 2014-Ohio-3246, ¶ 21, citing Southern Machine Co. v. Mohasco Industries,
Inc., 401 F.2d 374, 381 (6th Cir.1968). First, defendant must purposely avail himself
of the privilege of acting in the forum state or causing a consequence in the forum
state. Id. Second, the cause of action must arise from the defendant's activities
there. Id. Finally, the acts of the defendant or consequence caused by the defendant
must have a substantial enough connection with the forum state to make the exercise
of jurisdiction over the defendant reasonable. Id.
{¶15} In this case, Cincinnati Equine presented evidence, through the
affidavit testimony of Dr. John Piehowicz, that it entered into an agreement with
Sandringham Farm to provide veterinarian services for horses owned by
Sandringham Farm, that Cincinnati Equine performed those services on the three
horses listed on the invoice, and that the services were performed “in both Hamilton
County, Ohio and Kentucky.” The complaint stated that the “majority of the
services” were performed in Hamilton County.
{¶16} On the other hand, Sandringham Farm presented the motion, verified
by Young’s affidavit, which stated that the horses listed on the invoice were owned by
Young, that Sandringham Farm had no agreement with Cincinnati Equine, and that
the majority of the services performed by Cincinnati Equine were performed in
Kentucky.
{¶17} The record in this case contains contradictory evidence of who owned
the horses that Cincinnati Equine treated, who contracted for that treatment, and
how much of that treatment occurred in Ohio. As a result, we cannot determine if
exercising personal jurisdiction over Sandringham Farm comports with Ohio’s long-
6
O HIO F IRST D ISTRICT C OURT OF A PPEALS
arm statute or whether there is specific jurisdiction over Sandringham Farm
sufficient to satisfy due process.
{¶18} Since the trial court failed to conduct an evidentiary hearing and the
trial court’s jurisdiction is not clear from the record, we must remand the cause for
an evidentiary hearing to determine whether the trial court had personal jurisdiction.
See DeWine, 9th Dist. Summit No. 25939, 2012-Ohio-3339, at ¶ 25 (remanding
cause for hearing where the trial court erred in failing to hold an evidentiary hearing
to resolve conflicting evidence pertaining to personal jurisdiction); see also
Compuserve, 91 Ohio App.3d at 165, 631 N.E.2d 1120. To that extent, we sustain
Sandringham Farm’s third assignment of error.
{¶19} Accordingly, the trial court’s judgment is reversed and the cause is
remanded with instructions to the trial court to conduct an evidentiary hearing on
the issue of whether the exercise of personal jurisdiction over Sandringham Farm is
consistent with Ohio’s long-arm statute and due process.
Judgment reversed and cause remanded.
DEWINE, P.J., and STAUTBERG, J., concur.
Please note:
The court has recorded its own entry on the date of the release of this opinion.
7