Filed 3/14/16 D.H. v. Superior Court CA2/6
NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN THE OFFICIAL REPORTS
California Rules of Court, rule 8.1115(a), prohibits courts and parties from citing or relying on opinions not certified for
publication or ordered published, except as specified by rule 8.1115(b). This opinion has not been certified for publication
or ordered published for purposes of rule 8.1115.
IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA
SECOND APPELLATE DISTRICT
DIVISION SIX
D.H., 2d Civil No. B268259
(Super. Ct. No. 14JV-00274)
Petitioner, (San Luis Obispo County)
v.
THE SUPERIOR COURT OF SAN LUIS
OBISPO COUNTY,
Respondent;
SAN LUIS OBISPO COUNTY
DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL SERVICES,
Real Party in Interest.
D.H. (Mother) has filed an extraordinary writ petition (Cal. Rules of Court,
rules 8.452, 8.456) to set aside the juvenile court orders that (1) terminated her family
reunification services with her daughter, L.D., a minor child coming under the juvenile
court law (Welf. & Inst. Code, § 300, subds. (b) & (g)),1 and (2) set a section 366.26
hearing. We conclude, among other things, that Mother has not shown the juvenile court
erred by terminating reunification services. The petition is denied.
1
All statutory references are to the Welfare and Institutions Code unless stated otherwise.
FACTS
In August 2014, Mother was arrested for inflicting corporal injury to a
cohabitant (Pen. Code, § 273.5, subd. (a)) after she assaulted her boyfriend with a beer
bottle while she was intoxicated. She was the mother of five-year-old L.D., eight-year-
old S.D., and ten-year-old A.D. “The children witnessed the onset of the assault.” In
July 2014, Mother drove a vehicle “into her neighbor’s home.” Mother was
“unconscious and smelled of alcohol when law enforcement responded to the scene.”
The San Luis Obispo County Department of Social Services (DSS) filed a
juvenile dependency petition (§ 300, subds. (b) & (g)) alleging that Mother failed to
protect L.D. and because of her incarceration she could not care for the child. DSS said
Mother “had been unresponsive due to her consumption of alcohol while the children
were in her care.” “The children report[ed] that on two occasions they have witnessed
strangers coming to their door, giving [Mother] money,” and they saw Mother “providing
them with pills out of a prescription bottle.” DSS placed L.D. with her maternal aunt.
At an August 20, 2014, hearing, the juvenile court ruled the child, L.D., had
to be detained and Mother had “some mental health issues.”
The juvenile court conducted a combined jurisdictional and dispositional
hearing. DSS claimed the domestic violence in Mother’s household had a negative
impact on the five-year-old child. A social worker testified that L.D. told DSS that “she
does not feel safe with [Mother] because of the fighting between [Mother] and [Mother’s]
boyfriend.” The court found the child was a person described in section 300 and it
sustained the petition. It removed the child from Mother’s custody and set six-month and
12-month review hearings. It ordered DSS to provide Mother with a case plan and
reunification services. The case plan required, among other things, that Mother not use
alcohol and/or illicit substances, she undergo drug testing, participate in treatment
programs, and mental health counseling.
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DSS also determined that Mother’s two older children should also be
dependents of the juvenile court. The social workers decided that Mother could have
visitation, but the visits with the children had to be supervised.
In the six-month “status review report,” DSS recommended that L.D.
“continue to be a dependent of the Juvenile Court in out-of-home care.” It said Mother
had not complied with her case plan and she was not “participating in mental health
services.” DSS noted that Mother did not appear for a “Probation Violation Hearing,”
and the juvenile court revoked her probation and issued a warrant for her arrest.
At a September 18, 2015, hearing, involving Mother’s request for
unsupervised visits with her children, Mother’s counsel made an offer of proof in lieu of
Mother’s testimony. The parties did not object. Counsel stated, among other things, that
Mother would testify that she suffered an injury to her back when she was 14 years old.
Doctors prescribed “opiate painkillers” for her back spasms. Mother acknowledges
“testing dirty for benzos and [painkillers] over the history of this case.” But Mother
claimed she took those “medications as prescribed out of medical necessity.” “In the past
few weeks,” Mother “appeared for an assessment at [the] Santa Maria Drug and Alcohol”
program for out-patient treatment. She completed 38 of the 52 “batterer’s program
hours” as part of her case plan and she began counseling “with Jane Hill.” The court
denied the request for unsupervised visits. It noted that Mother had a “recent” positive
drug test.
For the 12-month review hearing, DSS filed a report recommending
termination of Mother’s reunification services. It said Mother did not take steps to
comply with her case plan until late August 2015, which was “too little too late.”
In addition, for the 12-month review hearing, a clinical psychologist,
Carolyn Murphy, Ph.D., filed a report with the juvenile court after interviewing Mother.
Murphy said Mother “is now willing to participate in any treatment she is being asked to
do . . . .” She also said Mother “does not believe that her past substance use in any way
denoted a problem . . . .” Mother “may be lacking in deeper insight given that she is still
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in the early stages of treatment.” “While this examiner does not have an opinion as to
whether or not she should have services extended an additional six months, there is
nothing at present to suggest that she could not successfully complete the requirements in
a six-month timeframe were she to choose to do so.”
A drug and alcohol counselor filed a report dated October 7, 2015,
indicating that Mother enrolled at “Recovery Point” on September 11, 2015. Between
September 11, and October 7, 2015, Mother “has not missed any groups or test times”
and has tested “negative for all substances.”
The parties accepted an offer of proof from Mother’s counsel that Mother
had been seeing Dr. Weaver, a primary care physician, since August 2015. Weaver
would testify, among other things, that Mother “always appeared reasonable in her office,
and did not have any appearance of drug-seeking.” She “has treated several chronic pain
patients who were able to use prescribed [painkillers] and still function well, including
appropriate parenting.” Weaver prescribed fiorinal on October 2, 2015, for Mother’s
cluster headaches. She also prescribed gabapentin “for back issues with great success.”
A court-appointed special advocate (CASA) filed a report with the court.
She said Mother had a “lack of insight into her issues (substance abuse and mental
health).” She noted that L.D. had “PTSD” and was receiving mental health treatment.
The special advocate agreed with the DSS determination that reunification services
should be terminated.
Mother testified that she had taken medications to manage pain including
dilantin, fiorinal, norco, vicodin, tramadol, gabapentin, flexeril, and medical marijuana.
The last time she drank alcohol was on December 30, 2014. Her use of alcohol and
prescription medication did not impair her “ability to parent.” Her children were
“dependents” of the court because of “a domestic violence situation” and no alcohol was
“involved in that incident.” On cross-examination, she testified she was “addicted” to
“an opiate” called “norco” about “a year ago.” She said it was pain medication. She did
not believe that she needed “to attend drug treatment today.”
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Mother testified that she did not believe that L.D. suffers from PTSD or had
“any special needs.” She had not talked to L.D.’s therapist and did not know the
therapist’s name.
Juliana Malaveci, a DSS social worker, testified Mother was “not given
unsupervised visits [with the children] because of a lack of progress with regards to her
case plan.” Mother only began “the services that were depicted in the case plan” in
August 2015. Malaveci said L.D. could not “be safely returned” to Mother within an 18-
month period. She is in “denial” about her substance abuse problem. Finishing her
current three-month treatment program would not change the result because of Mother’s
“idea that she does not have a substance abuse problem.”
Malaveci testified that before Mother could have unsupervised visits with
the children she would need “continued substance abuse treatment, continued negative
tests for all substances, [and] better impulse control with regards to sharing inappropriate
information in front of the [children] . . . .” She said, “[T]he girls, themselves, did not
feel safe to be alone in their mother’s presence.” There have “been numerous reports of
neglect of the children during the time from the year 2011 on.” Mother admitted that she
was taking “various narcotic painkillers.” DSS had safety concerns for the children
because of Mother’s “substance abuse, untreated mental health issues,” and “domestic
violence.”
The juvenile court terminated reunification services. It said Mother had not
made “substantive” progress for continued services, and there was no “substantial
probability” that L.D. could be returned to Mother within 18 months. The court told
Mother that “you have yet to internalize the reasons why these children were taken from
your care.” It said Mother did not understand how her substance abuse and domestic
violence “permanently affects children.”
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DISCUSSION
Terminating Reunification Services
Mother contends there is insufficient evidence to support the juvenile
court’s findings and ruling that reunification services be terminated. We disagree.
In reviewing a challenge to the sufficiency of the evidence, we must draw
all reasonable inferences in favor of the juvenile court’s findings. (In re Yvonne W.
(2008) 165 Cal.App.4th 1394, 1400-1401.) We do not decide the credibility of the
witnesses or resolve conflicts in the evidence. Those are matters exclusively within the
province of the trier of fact. “If there is substantial evidence supporting the judgment,
our duty ends and the judgment must not be disturbed.” (In re Misako R. (1991)
2 Cal.App.4th 538, 545.)
“When a dependent child is removed from parental custody, the court
generally orders services for the family to facilitate its reunification.” (In re Katelynn Y.
(2012) 209 Cal.App.4th 871, 876.) “Reunification services for a parent of a dependent
child over the age of three are ordinarily limited to 12 months, but may be extended to the
18-month date.” (Ibid.) “A parent, however, has no entitlement ‘to a prescribed
minimum period of services.’” (Ibid.) “Instead, the court has discretion to determine
whether continued services are in the best interests of the minor, or whether services
should be terminated at some point before the applicable statutory period has expired.”
(Ibid.)
“In order to find a substantial probability that the child will be returned
within the 18-month period, the court must find all of the following: [¶] a. The parent or
legal guardian has consistently and regularly contacted and visited the child; [¶] b. The
parent or legal guardian has made significant progress in resolving the problems that led
to the removal of the child; and [¶] c. The parent or legal guardian has demonstrated the
capacity and ability to complete the objectives of the treatment plan and to provide for
the child’s safety, protection, physical and emotional health, and special needs.” (Cal.
Rules of Court, rule 5.715 (b)(4)(A)(i), italics added.)
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“[S]ubstantial compliance with [a] case plan must not be confused with the
requirement a parent make substantial progress towards reunification . . . .” (Fabian L. v.
Superior Court (2013) 214 Cal.App.4th 1018, 1029.) “The one finding does not
automatically compel the other.” (Ibid.)
Mother relies on her own testimony and the other evidence she presented.
But her credibility was a matter exclusively for the trier of fact. She suggests the juvenile
court did not give sufficient weight to her evidence. But we do not weigh the evidence.
There were conflicts in the evidence. But resolution of those conflicts was a matter
exclusively for the juvenile court as trier of fact. Moreover, the issue on appeal is not
whether some evidence supports Mother’s position, it is only whether substantial
evidence supports the court’s findings. (In re Misako R., supra, 2 Cal.App.4th at p. 545.)
Mother claims there was no substantial evidence to support the juvenile
court’s finding that “there was not a substantial probability that [the child] could be
returned to [Mother’s] care by the 18 month hearing date.”
DSS disagrees. It contends Malaveci’s testimony supports that finding.
Malaveci testified L.D. could not “be safely returned” to Mother within an 18-month
period. DSS also claims: (1) there is evidence that Mother had a long history of
noncompliance with her case plan; (2) she did not make substantial progress toward
reunification; (3) she lacked insight about her substance abuse problem and the reasons
why her children were removed from her care; and (4) the court could reasonably find it
was in L.D.’s best interests that reunification services be terminated. We agree.
In an April 2015 status review report, DSS said Mother “has been
inconsistent with her case plan compliance since the last hearing regarding her mental
health, parenting education, substance abuse treatment, and drug testing.” Mother was
scheduled to see a county mental health therapist. But the therapist “discharged [Mother]
due to [Mother] missing several scheduled appointments.” (Italics added.) DSS said
Mother “stated she does not have a substance abuse problem and she is not agreeable to
participating in treatment.” (Italics added.) DSS also noted that she “continues to be in
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denial about substance abuse and how it impacts her ability to safely parent her
children.” (Italics added.) “At the writing of this report [Mother] is not participating in
mental health services.” (Italics added.)
In a 12-month status review report, DSS recommended that Mother’s
family reunification services be terminated. DSS noted that on May 5, 2015, the social
worker notified Mother that she was not in compliance with her case plan. DSS
determined that L.D. “would not be safe if she were returned to [Mother’s] care.” Mother
“has not demonstrated that she can be a safe, long-term, primary caretaker of her
children.” (Italics added.) DSS said that Mother “continues to use and/or abuse
prescription pain medications that may be impairing her functioning.”
Mother claimed she tested positive for drugs because she was taking them
as part of a proper pain management protocol and DSS erred in concluding otherwise.
But Murphy felt the claim about a pain management protocol was inconsistent with her
actual use of drugs. She said, “DSS is correct in being concerned that the two incidents
in the summer of 2014 [followed] by continued positive tests for alcohol in late 2014
does suggest some over-reliance upon substance use that cannot be fully accounted for by
her pain management protocol.”
In a subsequent DSS “Interim Review Report,” it said Mother “has not
made sufficient behavioral change over time with regards to establishing and maintaining
sobriety, which is one of the risk factors that brought her children into care.” (Italics
added.) DSS said Mother “has not received consistent mental health treatment since
December of 2014 and has failed to recognize how historically her mental health state
and dependence on prescription drugs and marijuana have and/or may have impacted her
ability to safely parent her children.” (Italics added.)
DSS said Mother had requested “additional” child visitation for July 13,
and September 12, 2015, visit dates. But she missed the first visit and cancelled the
second one. Mother also had made “inappropriate comments” during visits with the
children. She continued to discuss “her medical health, case-related activities, and/or
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father’s girlfriend” despite “being asked several times not to bring such inappropriate
topics into conversation.” DSS said it was necessary for the weekly child visits to
continue to be supervised because of Mother’s failure to make a “sufficient behavioral
change.” The children “perceive [Mother] as threatening.”
The special advocate was “in agreement with the stated recommendation
that [Mother’s] Family Reunification Services terminate as to her daughter [L.D.] and
that a [section] 366.26 hearing be scheduled to identify a permanent plan for the minor.”
She said the child has PTSD and is receiving mental health therapy. L.D. “likes
everything about her new foster home.” She is “doing exceptionally well in her new
placement.” The special advocate said that during a June 2015 visit with the children,
Mother “was on her phone during most of the visit.” The children were misbehaving.
Another adult “redirected the children’s behavior because [Mother] did not.” The special
advocate concluded her report by stating, “[M]y ultimate concern is [Mother’s] lack of
insight into her issues (substance abuse and mental health) especially as we are now at
the 12 month hearing.” (Italics added.) In her report, Murphy also noted that Mother
“[did] not believe her past substance use in any way denoted a problem” and Mother may
be “lacking in deeper insight.”
Mother contends “her providers uniformly reported active participation and
meaningful progress” on her part. But the weight and credibility of that evidence were
matters for the trial court.
Moreover, Mother’s efforts at compliance took place at a very late stage of
the reunification services timeframe. Parents should not expect additional reunification
services where they do not comply with their case plan until the “eve” of the review
hearing and then claim their current “flurry of activity” suffices. (Cresse S. v. Superior
Court (1996) 50 Cal.App.4th 947, 954-955.)
Malaveci said Mother did not seek “available resources to address and
mitigate the safety factors that brought her children into foster care until late August
2015,” which is “too little too late.” Mother’s very recent efforts took place a year after
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L.D. was removed from her care. Mother began treatment with Dr. Weaver in August of
2015. She enrolled at Recovery Point a month later. Mother points to therapist Jane
Hill’s report, which indicated Mother “has been consistent in her attendance and has
participated actively in her therapy.” But Hill said this attendance and participation
occurred “since September 3, [2015].” Mother introduced a report from a drug and
alcohol counselor who said Mother “has not missed any groups or test times” and has
tested “negative for all substances.” But that report only covered the very short period
between September 11, and October 7, 2015. Murphy did not “have an opinion as to
whether or not [Mother] should have [reunification] services extended”; she said Mother
was only in “the early stages of treatment.”
The juvenile court could reasonably infer that reports by Mother’s
“providers” should be given reduced weight because they had very little time to evaluate
her progress and her ability to make a long term commitment for rehabilitation. It could
find DSS and Malaveci were in a better position to evaluate her prospects for success
because they had reviewed her conduct over a much longer period. Malaveci testified
that Mother’s neglect of her children was a long term problem which began in 2011. The
DSS reports and Malaveci’s testimony constitute substantial evidence to support the
juvenile court’s findings. Mother has not shown error.
DISPOSITION
The petition is denied.
NOT TO BE PUBLISHED.
GILBERT, P. J.
We concur:
YEGAN, J.
PERREN, J.
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Linda D. Hurst, Judge
Superior Court County of San Luis Obispo
______________________________
Meredeth E. Ruston, for Petitioner.
No appearance for Respondent.
Rita L. Neal, County Counsel, and Leslie H. Kraut, Deputy County
Counsel, for Real Party in Interest.
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