COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA
Present: Judges Humphreys, O’Brien and Senior Judge Bumgardner
UNPUBLISHED
HUY K. LE
MEMORANDUM OPINION*
v. Record No. 1293-15-4 PER CURIAM
MARCH 15, 2016
MAI T. NGO
FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF FAIRFAX COUNTY
Daniel E. Ortiz, Judge
(Huy K. Le, on brief, pro se).
(Mai T. Ngo, on brief, pro se).
Huy K. Le (father) appeals an order in which the trial court awarded Mai T. Ngo (mother)
child support and established arrears. Father contends the trial court erred by granting mother child
support because the parties had agreed in their property settlement agreement that there would be no
child support obligation. Father further argues that the trial court erred by not considering Code
§ 20-108.1(B) and the deviating factors, specifically subsections 1, 5, 14, and 15, in determining the
amount of child support. Upon reviewing the record and briefs of the parties, we conclude that
this appeal is without merit. Accordingly, we summarily affirm the decision of the trial court.
See Rule 5A:27.
BACKGROUND
The parties have three children. On December 16, 2012, father and mother entered in a
property settlement agreement. The parties agreed to joint legal and physical custody of the
children. Father had “liberal access and extended visitation rights to the children.” The property
*
Pursuant to Code § 17.1-413, this opinion is not designated for publication.
settlement agreement included a clause stating that “[t]here will be no child support.” On
December 13, 2013, the trial court entered a final order of divorce, which affirmed, ratified, and
incorporated, but did not merge, the property settlement agreement. The final order of divorce
reiterated that there was no order of child support.
On April 30, 2015, mother filed a motion to modify child support. She alleged that father
was not visiting the children as anticipated in the property settlement agreement and the
children’s expenses were “much higher” than when the parties entered into their agreement.
On July 22, 2015, the parties appeared pro se before the trial court. Both parties testified
about their incomes. There was evidence presented that father had remarried, and his wife and
her child lived in Kazakhstan. The children were not happy that he remarried. The father’s
relationship with the children deteriorated, and the children stopped visiting with him. As a
result, mother bore additional expenses. After hearing the evidence and argument, the trial court
found that there was a material change in circumstances, namely father’s remarriage and its
impact on the children. The trial court calculated child support pursuant to the guidelines and
held that father’s obligation was $1,701 per month from May 1, 2015 until October 1, 2015,
when the oldest child became emancipated. Thereafter, father would pay $1,472 per month. The
trial court further determined that father owed $5,103 in arrearages and ordered him to pay an
additional $425 per month. The trial court entered the order on July 22, 2015 and waived the
parties’ endorsement pursuant to Rule 1:13. Father did not file any objections or post-trial
motions.
ANALYSIS
Child support
Father argues that the trial court erred in ordering him to pay child support when the
parties had agreed in their property settlement agreement that there would be no child support
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obligations. He contends mother received additional marital property in exchange for a waiver
of child support. He also asserts that their property settlement agreement included a clause that
released each other from all future claims, including child support for the children.
However, father and mother could not waive child support in their property settlement
agreement.
Both parents owe a duty of support to their minor children. Code
§ 20-61; Featherstone v. Brooks, 220 Va. 443, 448, 258 S.E.2d
513, 516 (1979). A divorce court retains continuing jurisdiction to
change or modify its decree relating to the maintenance and
support of minor children. Code § 20-108; Featherstone, 220 Va.
at 446, 258 S.E.2d at 515. Consequently, parents cannot contract
away their children’s rights to support nor can a court be precluded
by agreement from exercising its power to decree child support.
Id.; Carter v. Carter, 215 Va. 475, 481, 211 S.E.2d 253, 258
(1975); Scott v. Scott, 12 Va. App. 1245, 1247, 408 S.E.2d 579,
581 (1991).
Kelley v. Kelley, 248 Va. 295, 298, 449 S.E.2d 55, 56 (1994).
This Court further explained that there are “three limitations upon the parties’ right to
contract regarding child support.” Shoup v. Shoup, 37 Va. App. 240, 250, 556 S.E.2d 783, 788
(2001) (en banc).
First, the court must review the provisions of the agreement for
their consistency with the best interests of the child or children
whose welfare the agreement addresses. Second, the parties may
not, by agreement, prevent the court from exercising its power to
change, modify, or enforce its decree concerning the custody and
maintenance of minor children. The third limitation, emanating
from the first two, prohibits the parties from terminating by
contract a parent’s duty to support a child.
Id. at 250-51, 556 S.E.2d at 788 (internal citations omitted).
Even though the parties stated in their property settlement agreement that there was no
child support obligation, the trial court was not prohibited from subsequently reviewing child
support and ordering father to pay it. See Code § 20-108.
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Therefore, contrary to father’s arguments, the trial court had the right to consider whether
there was a material change in circumstances and establish child support.
Rule 5A:18
Father argues that the trial court did not consider the deviation factors in Code
§ 20-108.1(B). For example, he contends the trial court did not take into account that he was
supporting his new wife and her child and that he purchased a new vehicle in order to take the
children to and from their activities. Furthermore, he notes that he paid the mortgage payments
and improvements for the former marital residence and that the trial court did not consider the
debts that he paid during the marriage. He also argues that the trial court did not allow him to
explain why the property settlement agreement included a waiver of child support. However,
father did not raise these arguments with the trial court. He did not submit any objections to the
final order, nor did he file any post-trial motions.
Rule 5A:18 states, “No ruling of the trial court . . . will be considered as a basis for
reversal unless an objection was stated with reasonable certainty at the time of the ruling, except
for good cause shown or to enable the Court of Appeals to attain the ends of justice.”
“The main purpose of requiring timely specific objections is to
afford the trial court an opportunity to rule intelligently on the
issues presented, thus avoiding unnecessary appeals and reversals.
In addition, a specific, contemporaneous objection gives the
opposing party the opportunity to meet the objection at that stage
of the proceeding.” Weidman v. Babcock, 241 Va. 40, 44, 400
S.E.2d 164, 167 (1991) (citation omitted). Furthermore, “we will
not consider a different ground of objection raised for the first time
on appeal[.]” O’Dell v. Commonwealth, 234 Va. 672, 679, 364
S.E.2d 491, 495 (1988) (citing Rule 5:25, the Supreme Court’s
equivalent of this Court’s Rule 5A:18).
Milam v. Milam, 65 Va. App. 439, 464-65, 778 S.E.2d 535, 547 (2015).
Accordingly, father’s arguments were not preserved for appeal, and the Court will not
consider them.
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CONCLUSION
For the foregoing reasons, the trial court’s ruling is summarily affirmed. Rule 5A:27.
Affirmed.
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Huy K. Le v. Mai T. Ngo
Combined Opinion