FILED
NOT FOR PUBLICATION
APR 15 2016
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT
RAMON CARDOZA PACHECO, AKA No. 11-70800
Ramon Pacheco, AKA Ramon Pacheco
Cardoza, AKA Ramon Pacheco-Cardoza Agency No. A094-811-501
Petitioner,
MEMORANDUM*
v.
LORETTA E. LYNCH, Attorney General,
Respondent.
RAMON CARDOZA PACHECO, AKA No. 14-73280
Ramon Pacheco-Cardoza
Agency No. A094-811-501
Petitioner,
v.
LORETTA E. LYNCH, Attorney General,
Respondent.
On Petition for Review of an Order of the
Board of Immigration Appeals
*
This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
Submitted April 12, 2016**
San Francisco, California
Before: D.W. NELSON, O’SCANNLAIN, and TROTT, Circuit Judges.
Ramon Pacheco-Cardoza (Pacheco) petitions for review of the Board of
Immigration Appeals’ (BIA) dismissal of his appeal after his request for voluntary
departure was denied. He also petitions for review of the BIA’s denial of his
motion to reopen his removal proceedings. We have jurisdiction pursuant to 8
U.S.C. § 1252, and we deny the petitions.
1. The BIA properly found that the Immigration Judge (IJ) needed the
Department of Homeland Security’s (DHS) stipulation to grant Pacheco’s request
for voluntary departure. Pacheco requested voluntary departure during a hearing
held on March 30, 2009. The record indicates that this hearing was a merits
hearing. Because the March 30, 2009 hearing was held more than thirty days after
the last master calendar hearing, the BIA did not err in finding that the IJ needed
DHS’s stipulation to grant voluntary departure. See 8 C.F.R. §§ 1240.26(b)(1)(ii),
(b)(2).
2. Pacheco cannot raise a successful due process challenge regarding
voluntary departure. See Tovar-Landin v. Ashcroft, 361 F.3d 1164, 1167 (9th Cir.
**
The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision
without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).
2
2004) (“Voluntary departure is a form of discretionary relief. . . . We have held that
aliens have no fundamental right to discretionary relief from removal for purposes
of due process . . . . Because there is no constitutionally protected liberty interest in
the discretionary privilege of voluntary departure, the due process claim fails.”
(citations omitted)). Nor can the BIA declare a regulation invalid. See Espinoza-
Gutierrez v. Smith, 94 F.3d 1270, 1273 (9th Cir. 1996) (“The BIA simply has no
authority to invalidate a regulation that it is bound to follow.”). Remand to the
BIA to address Pacheco’s due process challenge regarding voluntary departure,
therefore, is unnecessary.
3. The BIA did not err in denying Pacheco’s motion to reopen. A motion to
reopen must be filed within ninety days of a final order of removal. 8 U.S.C. §
1229a(c)(7)(C)(i). The doctrine of equitable tolling may apply “when a petitioner
is prevented from filing because of deception, fraud, or error, as long as the
petitioner acts with due diligence in discovering the deception, fraud, or error.”
Luna v. Holder, 659 F.3d 753, 759 (9th Cir. 2011) (internal quotation marks
omitted).
As the basis for his motion to reopen, Pacheco cites the San Mateo County
Superior Court’s reduction of his felony convictions to misdemeanors. Although
Pacheco’s convictions were not reduced to misdemeanors until a few years after
3
the BIA issued its order denying relief, Pacheco has not explained what happened
between December 4, 2013, when the San Mateo County Superior Court reduced
his convictions to misdemeanors, and July 15, 2014, when he filed his motion to
reopen his case. We, therefore, are unable to assess what, if any, circumstances
justified Pacheco filing the motion to reopen approximately seven months after the
reduction in convictions, and whether he exercised due diligence. See Avagyan v.
Holder, 646 F.3d 672, 679 (9th Cir. 2011) (“Our review of petitioner’s diligence
must be fact-intensive and case-specific, assessing the reasonableness of
petitioner’s actions in the context of his or her particular circumstances.”). Thus,
Pacheco has not demonstrated that equitable tolling applies. Because he also did
not give an explanation to the BIA, any error the BIA may have made in not
addressing equitable tolling was harmless. See Kazarian v. U.S. Citizenship &
Immigration Servs., 596 F.3d 1115, 1118–19 (9th Cir. 2010).1
PETITIONS DENIED.
1
Pacheco also argues that he qualifies for cancellation of removal relief.
Because the BIA did not err in declining to reopen his case, we do not reach this
argument.
4