In re K.R.

[Cite as In re K.R., 2016-Ohio-2775.]

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS

TWELFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT OF OHIO

CLERMONT COUNTY

IN THE MATTER OF: :

K.R. : CASE NO. CA2015-06-049

: OPINION
5/2/2016
:

:

APPEAL FROM CLERMONT COUNTY COURT OF COMMON PLEAS
JUVENILE DIVISION
Case No. 2014 JG 21111

Ryan DeBra, 4914 Ridge Avenue, Cincinnati, Ohio 45209, Guardian Ad Litem

T. David Burgess Co., L.P.A., T. David Burgess, 110 North Third Street, Williamsburg, Ohio
45176-1322, for appellant

Deborah Kuo, 993 Kennedys Landing, #7, Cincinnati, Ohio 45245, appellee, pro se

S. POWELL, J.

{¶ 1} Appellant, Charles D. Rasnick ("Father"), appeals from the decision of the

Clermont County Court of Common Pleas, Juvenile Division, designating appellee, Deborah

Kuo ("Mother"), the residential parent and legal custodian of their daughter, K.R. For the

reasons outlined below, we affirm.

{¶ 2} Father and Mother are the biological parents of K.R., born August 28, 2010.
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The parties were never married and subsequently separated on December 5, 2013. After

they separated, and in consideration of their respective work schedules, Father and Mother

entered into an agreement where Mother cared for K.R. every Monday and Tuesday,

whereas Father cared for K.R. on Wednesday through Sunday.

{¶ 3} On February 4, 2014, Father filed a complaint seeking legal custody of K.R.

However, after holding a hearing on the matter, a juvenile court magistrate issued a decision

designating Mother as the residential parent and legal custodian. Father then filed objections

to the magistrate's decision, from which the juvenile court held a two-day de novo hearing

that ultimately concluded on May 18, 2015. The following day, the juvenile court issued a

decision similar to that of the magistrate, wherein it designated Mother as K.R.'s residential

parent and legal custodian. In support of this decision, the juvenile court determined that "it

is in the best interest of the minor child for these conditions to continue."

{¶ 4} Father now appeals from the juvenile court's decision, raising three

assignments of error for review.1

{¶ 5} Assignment of Error No. 1:

{¶ 6} THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN ITS DECISION DESIGNATING THE MOTHER

AS THE RESIDENTIAL PARENT OF THE MINOR CHILD AND ITS DECISION WAS

AGAINST THE MANIFEST WEIGHT OF THE EVIDENCE.

{¶ 7} In his first assignment of error, Father argues the juvenile court erred by

designating Mother the residential parent and legal custodian of K.R. Father also argues the

juvenile court's decision was against the manifest weight of the evidence. We disagree.

{¶ 8} R.C. 3109.04 governs the award of parental rights and responsibilities.

1. We note that Mother did not file an appellate brief for our consideration in this matter. Pursuant to App.R.
18(C), when an appellee fails to file a brief, "in determining the appeal, the court may accept the appellant's
statement of the facts and issues as correct and reverse the judgment if appellant's brief reasonably appears to
sustain such action."
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Albrecht v. Albrecht, 12th Dist. Butler Nos. CA2014-12-240 and CA2014-12-245, 2015-Ohio-

4916, ¶ 22. In making this determination, the juvenile court's primary concern is the best

interest of the child. Rainey v. Rainey, 12th Dist. Clermont No. CA2010-10-083, 2011-Ohio-

4343, ¶ 12. In order to determine the best interest of a child, R.C. 3109.04(F)(1) requires the

juvenile court to consider all relevant factors. In re X.B., 12th Dist. Butler No. CA2014-07-

168, 2015-Ohio-1174, ¶ 19. These factors include, but are not limited to: (1) the wishes of

the parents; (2) the child's interaction and interrelationship with his parents, siblings, and

other persons who may significantly affect the child's best interest; (3) the child's adjustment

to home, school and community; (4) the mental and physical health of all persons involved;

and (5) the likelihood that the caregiver would honor and facilitate visitation and parenting

time. In re A.L.H., 12th Dist. Preble No. CA2010-02-004, 2010-Ohio-5425, ¶ 9.

{¶ 9} An appellate court reviews a juvenile court's custody determination for an abuse

of discretion. In re S.K., 12th Dist. Butler No. CA2013-06-108, 2014-Ohio-563, ¶ 12. An

abuse of discretion implies that the court's attitude was unreasonable, arbitrary, or

unconscionable. In re B.K., 12th Dist. Butler No. CA2010-12-324, 2011-Ohio-4470, ¶ 12,

citing Blakemore v. Blakemore, 5 Ohio St.3d 217, 219 (1983). The discretion which a

juvenile court enjoys in custody matters "'should be accorded the utmost respect, given the

nature of the proceeding and the impact the court's determination will have on the lives of the

parties concerned.'" In re J.M., 12th Dist. Warren No. CA2008-12-148, 2009-Ohio-4824, ¶

17, quoting Miller v. Miller, 37 Ohio St.3d 71, 74 (1988). Thus, "an appellate court affords

deference to a judge or magistrate's findings regarding witnesses' credibility." In re D.R.,

12th Dist. Butler Nos. CA2005-06-150 and CA2005-06-151, 2006-Ohio-340, ¶ 12.

{¶ 10} As it relates to a manifest weight of the evidence challenge, "a reviewing court

must determine whether the finder of fact, in resolving conflicts in the evidence, clearly lost

his way and created such a manifest miscarriage of justice that the judgment must be
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reversed and a new trial ordered." In re W.A., 5th Dist. Muskingum No. CT2013-0002, 2013-

Ohio-3444, ¶ 19. In making this determination, "'an appellate court is guided by the

presumption that the trial court's findings were correct.'" In re M.D., 12th Dist. Butler No.

CA2006-09-223, 2007-Ohio-4646, ¶ 28, quoting In re Peterson, 10th Dist. Franklin. No.

01AP-381, 2001 WL 988013, *3 (Aug. 28, 2001). "Where an award of custody is supported

by a substantial amount of credible and competent evidence, such an award will not be

reversed as being against the weight of the evidence by a reviewing court." In re T.M., 12th

Dist. Butler No. CA2007-01-019, 2007-Ohio-6034, ¶ 28, citing Davis v. Flickinger, 77 Ohio

St.3d 415, 418 (1997).

{¶ 11} After a thorough review of the record, and as did the juvenile court before us,

we find both Father and Mother are loving parents who participate in a variety of activities

with K.R. and who are able to provide for K.R.'s needs. The record further establishes that

both Father and Mother have suitable homes and have supportive extended family members.

However, although submitting a recent clean drug screen, the record also indicates Father

had smoked marijuana with his neighbor sometime within the past three to four years. The

record further indicates that Father had suffered from depression and had an anxiety attack

due to these proceedings.

{¶ 12} Moreover, in reviewing the guardian ad litem's report and recommendation, the

guardian ad litem recommended Mother be granted legal custody of K.R. due to his concerns

regarding Father's "credibility and the veracity of his statements throughout the investigation,"

including his professed ignorance regarding certain allegations of sexual abuse levied

against him by his ex-wife. The guardian ad litem also noted that Father often speaks of his

daughter "as if she is an object or possession to which he has solitary claim," whereas he

shows utter distain for Mother who he treats as an "unknown entity" habitually referring to her

only by her full name. The record fully supports these findings.
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{¶ 13} In light of the forgoing, and while Father's love and desire to have custody of

K.R. is apparent, we simply cannot say the juvenile court's decision designating Mother as

residential parent and legal custodian of K.R. was an abuse of discretion, nor can we say the

juvenile court's decision was against the manifest weight of the evidence. Therefore,

because we can find no error in the juvenile court's decision, Father's first assignment of

error is overruled.

{¶ 14} Assignment of Error No. 2:

{¶ 15} THE TRIAL COURT ERRED BY FAILING TO CONSIDER THE REQUIRED

FACTORS CONCERNING THE SHARED PARENTING PLAN FILED BY THE MOTHER.

{¶ 16} In his second assignment of error, Father argues the juvenile court erred by

failing to give its reasoning for denying Mother's proposed shared parenting plan. However,

as the record reveals, Mother filed her proposed shared parenting plan a full month prior to

the hearing before the juvenile court magistrate, and over six months before the first day of

the two-day de novo hearing before the juvenile court judge. Mother testified that during this

time she began to feel threatened and fearful of Father, which lead her to the realization that

implementing a shared parenting plan would be unworkable since Father would not

cooperate with her. Specifically, as Mother testified, "He will not cooperate. If I had a plan

enforced he will not cooperate. * * * [W]e severed ties communicating because of that,

because it goes to deaf ears." Mother also testified, "I don't want to have shared parenting, I

want to have custody of [K.R.]."

{¶ 17} While R.C. 3109.04(D)(1)(a)(iii) requires the juvenile court to enter findings of

facts and conclusions of law as to the reasons for rejecting a proposed shared parenting

plan, because Mother specifically testified that shared parenting with Father was no longer

feasible, thus effectively withdrawing her request, we find the juvenile court did not err by

failing to approve Mother's proposed shared parenting plan, nor did the juvenile court err by
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failing to give its reasoning for not approving such plan. See Downey v. Downey, 9th Dist.

Summit No. 23687, 2007-Ohio-6294, ¶ 4-9 (trial court was without authority to approve a

shared parenting plan that had been withdrawn "prior to the conclusion of trial and before an

agreement was signed or an entry ordering shared parenting was filed"). In so holding, we

note that Father never provided the juvenile court with his own proposed shared parenting

plan. Therefore, Father's second assignment of error is overruled.

{¶ 18} Assignment of Error No. 3:

{¶ 19} THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN ALLOWING THE GUARDIAN AD LITEM TO

CROSS EXAMINE DURING THE TRIAL PROCEEDING.

{¶ 20} In his third assignment of error, Father argues the juvenile court erred by

allowing the guardian ad litem to question witnesses since he was "advocating" for Mother to

be designated residential parent and legal custodian. Father, however, never objected to the

guardian ad litem's questioning, thereby forfeiting all but plain error on appeal. The plain

error doctrine is not favored in civil cases, and therefore, its application must be limited to

only "those extremely rare cases where exceptional circumstances require its application to

prevent a manifest miscarriage of justice, and where the error complained of, if left

uncorrected, would have a material adverse effect on the character of, and public confidence

in, judicial proceedings." Goldfuss v. Davidson, 79 Ohio St.3d 116, 121 (1997).

{¶ 21} After a thorough review of the record, we find this is not one of those extremely

rare cases where exceptional circumstances require a finding of plain error. In reaching this

decision, we note that the juvenile court's entry appointing the guardian ad litem specifically

stated that he was to "provide representation of the child" at any and all juvenile court

proceedings. That is exactly what the guardian ad litem did here, and for which the juvenile

court explicitly informed Father while Father was being questioned by the guardian ad litem.

As the juvenile court stated:
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THE WITNESS: Excuse me, Your Honor, is [the guardian ad
litem] representing [Mother], is that what's going on?

THE COURT: He [is] representing the best interest of the child.

THE WITNESS: Okay.

THE COURT: And he'll ask [Mother] questions when she
testifies.

THE WITNESS: Okay, I got it.

Nothing about this was improper. See In re E.S., 6th Dist. Ottawa Nos. OT-14-008, OT-14-

009, OT-14-011, and OT-14-012, 2014-Ohio-3067, ¶ 57 (juvenile court did not commit plain

error by permitting guardian ad litem to question witnesses and make closing argument

where guardian ad litem was appointed as both attorney and guardian for the children).

Therefore, because we find no error in the juvenile court's decision, let alone plain error,

Father's third assignment of error is overruled.

{¶ 22} Judgment affirmed.

M. POWELL, P.J., and RINGLAND, J., concur.

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