2016 IL App (1st) 141388
SECOND DIVISION
May 3, 2016
No. 1-14-1388
______________________________________________________________________________
IN THE
APPELLATE COURT OF ILLINOIS
FIRST DISTRICT
______________________________________________________________________________
VICTOR JACKSON, ) Appeal from the Circuit Court,
) of Cook County.
Plaintiff-Appellee, )
v. )
) No. 12 CH 2354
THE BOARD OF EDUCATION OF THE CITY )
OF CHICAGO; DAVIS VITALE, President, )
JESSE RUIZ, Vice President, HENRY BIENEN; )
CARLOS AZCOITIA, MAHILIA HINES, )
ANDREA ZOPP, and DEBORAH QUAZZO, )
Members; BARBARA BYRD-BENNETT, )
in Her Official Capacity as Chief Executive ) Honorable Thomas R. Allen
Officer, ) Judge Presiding
)
Defendants-Appellants, )
)
and )
)
(Ann Kenis, Hearing Officer; The Illinois State )
Board of Education; Gery Chico in His Official )
Capacity as Board Chair; and Christopher Koch )
In His Official Capacity as State )
Superintendent, )
)
Defendants). )
______________________________________________________________________________
JUSTICE SIMON delivered the judgment of the court, with opinion
Presiding Justice Pierce and Justice Neville concurred in the judgment and opinion.
OPINION
No. 14-1388
¶1 Defendant Board of Education of the City of Chicago (Board) terminated petitioner
Victor Jackson's employment as a tenured teacher for violation of Board's rules and policy
finding that he failed to immediately report that his principal asked him to cheat on the Illinois
Standard Achievement Test (ISAT) and for falsifying his employment application by omitting
his previous employment and discharge with the Chicago police department (CPD). After a
hearing, the hearing officer found the Board did not prove by a preponderance of the evidence
any of the charges against Jackson and recommended reinstatement. The Board accepted the
hearing officer's findings of fact and the conclusion that Jackson did not participate in the
cheating, but terminated Jackson's employment for failing to report the test irregularities and for
falsifying his employment application. Following Jackson's complaint for administrative review,
the circuit court held that the Board's decision was against the manifest weight of the evidence,
reversed the Board's order and reinstated Jackson with back pay and benefits. This appeal
followed.
¶2 BACKGROUND
¶3 Hearing officer Ann Kenis conducted a five-day hearing which produced the following
relevant evidence for purposes of this appeal. Jackson was a tenured teacher employed by the
Board since 2002. During his teaching career, he worked as a third grade teacher at Jackie
Robinson Elementary School (Robinson), a preKindergarten through third grade school, for
approximately four years. The teacher evaluation reviews in the record indicated that Jackson
had generally been rated as an excellent teacher.
¶4 The ISAT is a state-mandated assessment required for all public schools in the State of
Illinois. The only grade at Robinson that takes the ISAT is the third grade. Robinson had been
on probation and the removal from probation was partially dependent on its third graders'
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performance on the ISAT. Jacqueline Wilson Thomas, the principal at Robinson, arranged for
various activities prior to ISAT testing in March 2010 to motivate students and to give them the
opportunity to be tutored in preparation for the test. A tutoring program was offered for third
grade students on Saturdays, as well as before school for several days a week. Jackson was one
of the teachers who participated in the tutoring program.
¶5 During the 2009-10 school year, there were two third grade classrooms at Robinson.
Claire Miller, a temporary non tenured teacher, and Jackson were the two third grade teachers at
Robinson when the ISAT test was administered in March 2010. Miller testified that on March 2,
2010, her students began taking the math portion of the ISAT at approximately 9:30 a.m. The
second math portion of the ISAT was going to be administered the following day. After the test
was concluded that day, she was summoned to principal Thomas' office. Jackson and Kristie
Banks, the proctor in Miller's classroom for the math portion of the ISAT, were also summoned.
¶6 Miller testified that when she arrived in the principal's office, Jackson, and Jack Silver,
the ISAT coordinator at Robinson, were already there. Miller testified that Silver told her that he
spoke with someone downtown and they could break the seal, look and teach from the test
booklet. Silver gave Miller a booklet and Miller told him that she did not feel comfortable
teaching from the text booklet based on what she knew about test security. Miller testified that
Jackson was 10 to 15 feet away and he could not hear what she and Silver said. Miller did not
see Silver give Jackson a test booklet. She left the office with the test booklet and went back to
her classroom. Later, Jackson came in and asked if she was going to open the test booklet.
Miller told him that she did not feel comfortable doing that. Jackson said he was not going to
either.
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¶7 Miller testified that, a few minutes later, Jackson and principal Thomas came in her
classroom. Thomas asked Miller and Jackson if they were going to teach the material that was
going to be on the test the next day. Miller testified that she said no and Jackson said "yeah, I
can do it." Thomas told Jackson and Miller to switch classrooms so that Jackson could teach
Miller's students while Miller went to Jackson's classroom and taught Jackson's students.
¶8 After they switched classrooms, Miller admitted that she never asked Jackson what he
taught her students. Miller asked Kristi Banks, another teacher, if teachers could look through
the ISAT booklet to see what was going to be on the test the next day. At Banks suggestions,
Miller testified, she put the sealed booklet Silver had given her into a folder, took it back to the
main office, and placed it in the vault.
¶9 On March 3, 2010, the testing on the math portion of the ISAT resumed. Miller
supervised the testing of the third grade students and Banks was the proctor. As Miller and
Banks walked around the classroom, they noticed that approximately 10 to 15 students had notes.
They threw all of them in the garbage can. The students' notes had letters which, according to
Miller, demonstrated the "flip, turn, slide" concept which is on the ISAT test. There were also
shapes and words written on some of the notes. Miller acknowledged that these were concepts
she had previously taught her class and that ISAT sample problems included examples of these
concepts. At the end of the school day, they retrieved four notes from the garbage "to have as
evidence." From March 2 to March 24, Miller and Banks each kept two of the notes because
"their plan was to protect themselves if it was reported." Miller testified that she reported the
alleged test cheating at the end of March 2010 when the Board's investigator contacted her.
¶ 10 Kristie Banks testified that during the 2009-10 school year she was a teacher at Robinson.
On March 3, 2010, during ISAT testing, Miller pulled her aside and showed her a piece of folded
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No. 14-1388
paper and said that she just took it from a student. Banks told her to throw it in the garbage can.
They threw out 12 to 20 notes. Banks testified that, on the same day, she told Debi Thomas,
another teacher, what occurred. Banks then stated that the papers confiscated from the students
were the "exact" problems from the test and that she believed the students were given the
answers by Jackson. Banks stated that she knew that the papers had the exact questions that
were on the test because she looked at the test booklet.
¶ 11 Banks testified that, after throwing the notes away, she, Miller, and another teacher
retrieved the notes from the garbage around 3 p.m. She did not know whose handwriting any of
the notes contained. Banks testified that she never saw Jackson look at an ISAT booklet during
the exam, break the seal of a test booklet or look at it. Banks testified that she was not present in
the room where Jackson taught the students, had never seen Jackson teach from the test, nor had
she ever seen Jackson give any student any information about the ISAT.
¶ 12 Banks testified that she reported alleged test cheating on March 16, 2010, by sending a
letter to and meeting with area officer Judith Coates on that date. Banks also made an
anonymous call to Illinois State Board of Education (ISBE) to find out what happens to
individuals if there was test cheating. During the call, she portrayed herself as someone else and
did not give the name of Robinson School.
¶ 13 Debi Thomas testified at the hearing that she worked closely with Jackson in her capacity
as the literacy coach and stated that he is a great teacher. She shared an office with Banks.
Banks had the notes that she took from the students. Banks told her she had 32 sheets and threw
all in the garbage, but grabbed some upon exiting. In April 2010, Banks showed her an e-mail
from Judith Coates thanking Banks for her cooperation in the cheating investigation and stating
that Miller and Banks would be taken care of.
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¶ 14 Rachel Jachino, a principal consultant for the Division of Student Assessment for the
ISBE, testified that her duties include advising in the development of math assessment for the
ISAT test. In preparation for her testimony, she reviewed the math portion of the 2010 ISAT
test. According to Jachino, it contained 75 questions, of which 2 or 3 concerned the concepts of
"flips, slides and turns." These are geometric properties which show how transformations affect
shapes. Jachino testified that the ISBE's website contains these concepts and teachers are
allowed and expected to teach them before ISAT testing. Jachino was shown the four students'
notes that were offered by the Board as those confiscated during ISAT testing and found in the
garbage can in Miller's classroom on March 3, 2010. Jachino testified that she was not sure
what the notes represented, possibly geometry. She pointed out that some of the notes were
incorrect. Jachino stated that the students' notes did not contain any specific answers or
questions on the 2010 ISAT math exam.
¶ 15 Linda Abdul, an assessment specialist for the Board, testified teachers are not to receive
ISAT booklets before the test. A teacher would violate test security if he or she were to model
test questions for students. Abdul testified that any employee who knows information about
testing improprieties with the ISAT is bound to report the improprieties to her or ISBE.
¶ 16 Jackson testified that on March 20, 2010, he was summoned to the principal's office.
When he arrived, Miller, principal Thomas, and Jack Silver were all there. Silver said that he
spoke with someone from the downtown central office who told him that they could use the
ISAT test booklets. Jackson asked Silver what that person's name was, but Silver could not
remember. Silver asked Jackson and Miller if they felt comfortable breaking the seal and
teaching the lessons to the children. Jackson responded that he was not. Miller said "no" as
well. Silver told them to think about it. Jackson testified he felt insulted because he worked hard
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with the children and that they did not need to cheat. The principal directed Miller and Jackson
to switch classrooms. No ISAT test book was present. Jackson prepared the children for the
ISAT. He testified that he used ISAT coach books ordered by principal Thomas or the former
principal. Jackson testified that he did not have an ISAT test booklet at any time in his
possession.
¶ 17 Jackson stated that had he been forced to open an ISAT booklet, he would have reported
it. Jackson testified that when the matter was investigated, on April 22, 2010, he reported the
conversation with principal Thomas and Jack Silver, but when that conversation took place, he
did not think he was being asked to cheat. He stated that he never cheated or broke the seal of an
ISAT test.
¶ 18 Jackson testified that he worked more than 10 jobs before seeking employment with
Chicago Public Schools (CPS) and he thought to include in his application those jobs
experiences that were relevant to teaching. Jackson acknowledged that he worked as a police
officer for CPD from May 2001 until May 2002, when his probationary employment was
terminated as a result of an investigation for allegations that he mistreated an arrestee and for
being dishonest during the investigation. Jackson testified that he did not list other jobs besides
the police department on the application and that he never kept his employment with CPD a
secret. Jackson listed two CPS administrators as references on his employment application, both
of whom had knowledge of his position and termination at the CPD.
¶ 19 Andrea Kerr testified that she worked for CPS for 37 years prior to her retirement. She
was a director of curriculum and instruction at CPS and also served as executive administrator
for the chief education officer. Kerr testified that her daughter dated Jackson in New York. Kerr
met him in 1995 when he and her daughter relocated in Chicago. Jackson worked for her as an
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intern when he was in college and was a good employee. Kerr was listed as a reference on
Jackson's CPS job application and she knew about Jackson's employment and subsequent
termination with CPD because Jackson told her. Kerr testified that in 2003, CPS did not require
a job applicant to disclose every prior employer and CPS employees working for her were not
disciplined or terminated for failing to list every prior employer on their job application.
¶ 20 Karen Kerr, Andrea Kerr's sister-in-law, testified that she met Jackson when he was
dating her niece. Karen Kerr was previously a special education teacher, an assistant principal,
and the principal at Bond Elementary School, retiring in 2004. While Karen Kerr was the
principal at Bond, Jackson interviewed with her for a teaching position. Jackson told her that he
had previously worked at CPD and he explained the circumstances of his termination from CPD.
Karen testified that his previous CPD experience was not a problem and that her main concern
was how he fit in with the staff and the students. Jackson did not submit his employment
application directly to Kerr but, instead, Kerr interviewed him, reviewed his resume and
recommended to CPS that he be hired. Jackson worked at Bond for two years and Kerr
considered him to be an asset to CPS.
¶ 21 Tom Krieger testified as a rebuttal witness for the Board. He had been an assistant
director in the Office of Employment Relations for CPS since 2006. His duties consisted in
administrating employee discipline and holding hearings related to employees who had been
disciplined or discharged. Krieger was part of the Board's criminal background committee that
reviewed the applicant's criminal background checks. The committee does not verify anything
on the employment application other than arrest and/or conviction information. The committee
ran a criminal name check on Jackson and it came back clear. Krieger testified that the Board
has dismissed employees for falsifying information on their employment applications.
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¶ 22 The Board fired Jackson for alleged test cheating, for not reporting test irregularities and
for falsely reporting the same irregularities. Shortly after the initial administrative hearing was
to commence, the Board added another charge, that Jackson knowingly falsified his CPS
application by omitting his previous employment and discharge with CPD. After reviewing the
testimony and documentary evidence, the hearing officer found that the Board failed to prove by
a preponderance of the evidence any of the charges against Jackson. Specifically, the hearing
officer held that Jackson did not cheat and that Jackson did report the alleged irregularities by
disclosing what he knew when he was questioned by investigators weeks later. The hearing
officer also found that the Board failed to establish that Jackson had the intent required to
support the charge of falsifying his employment application.
¶ 23 On December 11, 2011, the Board issued an opinion where it accepted the hearing
officer's findings of fact and its conclusion that the cheating charges against Jackson were
unproven. The Board otherwise rejected the hearing officer's conclusions and recommendations
and terminated Jackson's employment because it concluded that Jackson's failure to
"immediately" report the principal's alleged suggestion to cheat violated a rule found in the
ISBE's testing guidelines. The Board also found that Jackson submitted a false employment
application that contained a material omission that also justified his termination. After
determining that the Board had cause for dismissal, the Board concluded that Jackson's
misconduct was irremediable per se and terminated his employment.
¶ 24 On Jackson's complaint for administrative review, the circuit court found that the Board's
decision to terminate Jackson's employment was against the manifest weight of the evidence,
arbitrary and capricious. The circuit court reversed the Board's decision and reinstated Jackson
with back pay and benefits. On appeal, the Board argues that the trial court erred in reversing its
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decision because the Board had cause to discharge Jackson for falsifying his employment
application and for failing to immediately report the ISAT test irregularities.
¶ 25 ANALYSIS
¶ 26 In administrative review cases, we review the Board's decision, not the circuit court's
decision. Ahmad v. Board of Education of the City of Chicago, 365 Ill. App. 3d 155, 162 (2006).
The hearing officer acts as the fact finder and, in that capacity, hears the testimony of witnesses,
determines their credibility, the weight to be given their statements, and draws reasonable
inferences from all evidence produced in support of the charges against the accused. Id. An
agency's findings of fact are considered prima facie true and correct. Id. Accordingly, a
reviewing court will not reverse an agency's findings unless they are against the manifest weight
of the evidence. Id. An agency's findings are against the manifest weight of the evidence only if
the opposite conclusion is clearly evident. Abrahamson v. Illinois Department of Professional
Regulation, 153 Ill. 2d 76, 88 (1992). By contrast, we employ a de novo standard when
considering an agency's conclusion on a question of law. James v. Board of Education of the
City of Chicago, 2015 IL App (1st) 141481, ¶ 12. Finally, we review mixed questions of law
and fact under the clearly erroneous standard of review. Id.
¶ 27 As a court of review, we are limited to considering the evidence submitted in the
administrative hearing. Walker v. Dart, 2015 IL App (1st) 140087, ¶ 35. The findings of the
administrative agency, however, must rest upon competent evidence and be supported by
substantial proof, and an agency may not consider a matter that is not in the record. Id. ¶ 37.
¶ 28 I. Employment Application
¶ 29 The Board argues that the trial court erred in finding that the Board's decision to
discharge Jackson for falsifying his employment application when omitting his employment and
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subsequent discharge from the CPD was arbitrary or capricious. The Board contends that
Jackson applied to CPS fewer than two months after the CPD fired him for mistreating an
arrestee and for lying during the police investigation regarding his conduct. Nonetheless, the
Board maintains, Jackson solely listed past jobs of educator, personal trainer and college intern
in his application and failed to disclose his employment and termination with CPD,
circumstances that would have been significant in evaluating Jackson's suitability for teaching in
school.
¶ 30 Under section 34-85 of the Illinois School Code, no tenured teacher shall be removed
except for cause. Board of Education of the City of Chicago v. Illinois State Board of Education,
160 Ill. App. 3d 769, 773 (1987)(citing Ill. Rev. Stat. 1985, ch. 122, ¶ 34-85). Written warnings
must be given to a tenured teacher before dismissal if the causes assigned for dismissal are
considered remediable. Id. Where no warning is given, the board's evidence must prove that the
teacher's conduct is irremediable. Id. When the board fails to meet its evidentiary burden of
proving that the teacher's conduct is irremediable, and when no warning has been given, the
board is deprived of jurisdiction to terminate the teacher. Id. Falsification of an employment
application is a proper ground for dismissal. Roundtree v. Board of Review, 4 Ill. App. 3d 695,
696 (1972). A charge of falsification involves a showing of intent to deceive the employer.
Roadmaster Corp. v. National Labor Relations Board, 874 F.2d 448, 453 (7th Cir. 1989).
¶ 31 Here, the Board's decision to terminate Jackson's employment was against the manifest
weight of the evidence because the Board failed to establish that Jackson's omission of his
previous employment and termination with CPD was intentional. The CPS' application did not
require disclosure of the applicant's most recent place of employment or any information about
termination and discharge from previous jobs. To the contrary, the application contained just
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three spaces for listing previous employment history and lacked any questions about discharge
information or any instructions that failure to disclose discharge information would be grounds
for termination.
¶ 32 Walker v. Dart, 2015 IL App (1st) 140087, is instructive. In Walker, the plaintiff was
employed as a Cook County deputy sheriff and tested positive on a random drug test after taking
pills from prescriptions he received years earlier. Id. ¶ 2. The Merit Board terminated his
employment concluding that the plaintiff's prescriptions were not valid at the time of the testing
because they were more than one year old and that his use of the medication was an abuse of its
drug policy. Id. Like Jackson, the plaintiff could not be discharged except for cause. We
reversed the Merit Board's decision to terminate the plaintiff's employment and concluded that
the evidence failed to support the Merit Board's decision that plaintiff violated its drug policy
when the Cook County sheriff department had no written policy that prohibited the use of older,
legally prescribed medications. Id. ¶ 59.
¶ 33 Similarly, here, the Board did not point to any rule, policy, directive or practice of
prohibiting the omission of job terminations in an application or that the omission constituted
falsification. Therefore, just as the "use" of outdated drugs did not equal abuse in Walter, the
"omission" of employment and termination information does not equal "falsification" when there
is nothing in the record to support the Board's position that the failure to disclose the entire or
more recent employment and termination was a dischargeable offense.
¶ 34 The Board argues that Jackson should have disclosed his employment and discharge with
CPS pursuant to Jackson's acknowledgement in the application that the statements made in the
application were "complete and that any falsification or omission may result in dismissal."
However, the application lacks questions or instructions for the applicants regarding discharge or
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termination information from a previous job. Further, the application itself does not state that the
most recent place of employment must be listed and it contains only three spaces for prior
employment precluding full disclosure of an applicant's history of employment having more than
three previous jobs. Jackson testified that he had 10 jobs before he applied to CPS and he listed
the jobs relevant to teaching. Based on this record, we cannot say that Jackson's omission was a
deliberate attempt to conceal his previous employment history from CPS.
¶ 35 In addition, the Board failed to establish that Jackson had the required intent to sustain a
falsification charge. See Roadmaster Corp. v. National Labor Relations Board, 874 F.2d at 453.
Jackson listed CPS administrators Andrea Kerr and principal Kerr as references on his
employment application and both testified consistently that they know Jackson personally and
were aware of the circumstances surrounding Jackson's employment and termination with CPD.
Moreover, principal Kerr testified that she interviewed and ultimately hired Jackson at her school
knowing about Jackson's employment and termination from CPD. Therefore, the Board failed to
establish that Jackson had the intent to conceal his employment and discharge from CPD when in
fact he disclosed both circumstances during the hiring process with CPS.
¶ 36 The Board relies on Sindermann v. Civil Service Commission, 275 Ill. App. 3d 917, 922
(1995) in support of its argument that the decision to discharge Jackson was justified. In
Sindermann, the Commission discharged a police officer for omitting his employment and
discharge by a former employer from his employment applications as a police officer with the
Village of Gurnee. Id. at 919. We upheld the officer's discharge on administrative review,
finding that the Commission's decision was not arbitrary where the police officer deliberately
omitted material information from his employment application. Id. at 929. Questions 19 of the
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No. 14-1388
employment application in Sindermann specifically asked whether the applicant had ever been
discharged or asked to resign from any employment and the plaintiff responded "no." Id. at 919.
¶ 37 Unlike Sindermann, here, the employment application with CPS did not request any
information nor did it contain any instructions requiring applicants to disclose whether they had
been previously discharged from any employer. In addition, contrary to Sindermann, where the
plaintiff's testimony was internally inconsistent and not credible, here, the hearing officer did not
question Jackson's credibility at any time. Jackson explained that he did not list his employment
with CPD in his CPS application because he referenced his previous employment history
relevant to teaching. Therefore, the Board's reliance on Sindermann is misplaced.
¶ 38 II. Reporting Test Irregularities
¶ 39 The Board contends that Jackson's failure to "immediately report" the alleged test
irregularities was another sufficient basis for the Board's discharge decision. The Board argues
that Jackson had a duty to report ISAT testing irregularities immediately because the principal
asked him to open a test booklet, Jackson observed the principal peeking into the booklet and
Jackson was aware students possessed answers to questions during the ISAT.
¶ 40 Initially, we note that the hearing officer, the Board, and the circuit court all concluded
that the cheating allegations against Jackson were unproven. The issue before us is whether the
Board had cause to discharge Jackson for a delay in reporting the ISAT testing irregularities. We
find that it did not.
¶ 41 The Board argues that Jackson's duty to report was stated in the ISAT instructions that
required school staff members to "immediately report all incidents of cheating or other test
irregularities by students or staff" to ISBE, citing from section 5 of the Professional Testing
Practices for Educators. The same section provides that "districts must have in place a local
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No. 14-1388
testing policy that includes sanctions and measures that will be used if testing irregularities
occur." Here, the Board did not present evidence of any established rules or procedures for
teachers and staff to report testing irregularities. The record is devoid of any such regulations or
procedures as to the time frame for making the report, to whom to report such irregularities, how
to make such report, what information should be included in the report, and what are the
punishments for failure to do so.
¶ 42 In Kinsella v. Board of Education of the City of Chicago, 2015 IL App (1st) 132694, we
recently rejected the Board's attempt to dismiss a teacher in the absence of a policy regarding the
alleged misconduct. In Kinsella, the Board argued that a teacher who reported to work with a
blood-alcohol level of .053 was "under the influence" in violation of the Board policies. (internal
quotations marks omitted.) Id. ¶ 24. The Board argued that it had a zero-tolerance policy and
referred to the Board's "Employee Discipline and Due Process Policy" that provided that
reporting to work while under the influence of alcohol falls within group 5 misconduct. Id. ¶ 25.
The record in Kinsella, however, just as the record here, indicated that the Board had no written
policy that an employee with a Breathalyzer reading of 0.05 would be dismissed. Id. ¶ 29. We
held that the Board failed to prove that plaintiff presented any impairment and reversed the
Board's decision discharging the plaintiff. Id. ¶ 30.
¶ 43 The instant case deals with an analogous situation. Just as in Kinsella, the Board did not
point to a specific rule or regulation that would indicate what constitutes irregularities or what
would be the time frame for reporting such irregularities. In the absence of these critical
guidelines, the Board's reliance on the ISAT instructions as creating a duty to report is
misplaced. Furthermore, the hearing officer as a trier of fact held that two other teachers, Miller
and Banks, reported the irregularities at a later time, during the investigation proceedings but the
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Board solely discharged Jackson. Accordingly, the Board's decision to discharge Jackson for his
alleged failure to report testing irregularities "immediately" is arbitrary. Id. ¶ 32. ("Although
broad discretion is accorded an administrative agency to determine what constitutes a proper
cause for dismissal, it is essential to the validity of such a disciplinary action that it be reasonable
and not be applied in an arbitrary manner.").
¶ 44 Similarly, the Board's allegation that Jackson was aware that the students possessed
answers to questions during the ISAT is against the manifest weight of the evidence. Jackson
was absolved of all the charges of test cheating. The Board accepted the hearing officer's
conclusion that the Board failed to prove its charges of cheating. The record indicates that other
teachers, Banks and Miller, discovered the notes, and not Jackson. There is no evidence that
Jackson even saw the notes until this case was initiated. Moreover, Rachel Jachino, the ISBE
representative, upon reviewing the students' notes and the math portion of the March 2010 ISAT
test, concluded that the students' notes did not answer a single question on the test. Therefore,
the Board failed to show that Jackson had any awareness of anything improper with respect to
the notes recovered from students that would give rise to a duty to report.
¶ 45 Finally, the Board argues that Jackson's falsification of his employment application and
failure to report test cheating was immoral conduct which is deemed irremediable per se. The
Illinois School Code provides that when a teacher's conduct is immoral, cruel, negligent,
criminal, or causes psychological or physical harm or injury to a student, it is irremediable per se
and no warning is required before dismissing a teacher. 105 ILCS 5/34-85 (West 2012).
Immoral conduct constitutes "shameless conduct showing moral indifference to the opinions of
the good and respectable members of the community." (internal quotations marks omitted.)
Ahmad v. Board of Education of the City of Chicago, 365 Ill. App. 3d at 165.
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¶ 46 The Board relies on Ahmad for his argument that Jackson alleged misconduct was
immoral. In Ahmad, the teacher falsely represented herself as an agent of CPS in order to obtain
over $33,000 in free school supplies from a nonprofit organization that she intended to sell at a
profit for her own personal benefit, rather than to use at her school; placed at least 12 orders in
the name of CPS rather than her own business; concealed her conduct from CPS; and refused to
cooperate in the investigation. Id. at 157-60, 165-66. We held that the teacher's conduct was
immoral, perhaps criminal and irremediable per se. Id. at 165-67.
¶ 47 The facts of this case are not comparable to the facts in Ahmad. The Board argues that
Jackson engaged in immoral conduct when omitting his discharge from CPD. However, the
Board disregards the fact that the CPS application did not ask Jackson to state whether he had
been discharged from any employment. In addition, the Board contends that Jackson engaged in
immoral conduct by not reporting the testing irregularities immediately but, again, the Board
ignores the fact that it did not have any procedure in place detailing how and when irregularities
needed to be reported. Moreover, Jackson did report irregularities, just as the other teachers,
during the CPS investigation. Based on the evidence presented, we cannot say that Jackson's
conduct was immoral or irremediable per se. Accordingly, the Board's decision that Jackson
engaged in irremediable misconduct that warranted his dismissal is against the manifest weigh of
the evidence.
¶ 48 In sum, the Board did not meet its burden of proving by a preponderance of the evidence
that Jackson falsified his employment application or that he failed to report the ISAT testing
irregularities. We affirm the circuit court's decision reversing the Board's order and reinstating
Jackson with back pay and benefits.
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¶ 49 CONCLUSION
¶ 50 Based on the foregoing, we affirm.
¶ 51 Affirmed.
18
Jackson v. The Board of Education of the City of Chicago
Court: Appellate Court of Illinois
Date filed: 2016-05-03
Citations: 2016 IL App (1st) 141388
Copy CitationsCombined Opinion