[Cite as State v. Dixon, 2016-Ohio-2882.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO
SECOND APPELLATE DISTRICT
CLARK COUNTY
STATE OF OHIO :
:
Plaintiff-Appellee : Appellate Case No. 2015-CA-67
:
v. : Trial Court Case No. 15-CR-241
:
BRANDON R. DIXON : (Criminal Appeal from
: Common Pleas Court)
Defendant-Appellant :
:
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OPINION
Rendered on the 6th day of May, 2016.
...........
MEGAN M. FARLEY, Atty. Reg. No. 0091678, Clark County Prosecutor’s Office, 50 East
Columbia Street, Suite 449, Springfield, Ohio 45502
Attorney for Plaintiff-Appellee
JON PAUL RION, Atty. Reg. No. 0067020, and NICOLE RUTTER-HIRTH, Atty. Reg.
No. 0081004, Rion, Rion & Rion, L.P.A., Inc., 130 West Second Street, Suite 2150, Post
Office Box 1262, Dayton, Ohio 45402
Attorney for Defendant-Appellant
.............
HALL, J.
{¶ 1} Brandon R. Dixon appeals from his conviction and sentence following a
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negotiated guilty plea to charges of felonious assault and fourth-degree felony OVI.
{¶ 2} In his sole assignment of error, Dixon contends the trial court erred in
imposing maximum, consecutive sentences “absent consideration of the mitigating
factors and R.C. 2929.11 and R.C. 2929.12.”
{¶ 3} The record reflects that Dixon originally was charged by indictment with
aggravated vehicular assault, felony OVI, and failure to comply with an order or signal of
a police officer. The charges stemmed from his act of fleeing from a traffic stop and driving
a Corvette approximately 100 miles per hour through a residential area at 2:00 a.m. After
running red lights and jumping railroad tracks, he eventually lost control and struck a tree.
His passenger, Madison Burkitt, was ejected from the vehicle and nearly died. She
suffered 47 broken bones and was in a coma for 33 days. At the time of the accident,
Dixon was intoxicated and was driving with three prior OVI convictions and with 15 open
driver’s license suspensions. Following his indictment, he pled guilty to a bill of information
charging him with felonious assault and fourth-degree felony OVI. The trial court
sentenced him to statutory-maximum terms of eight years for felonious assault and 30
months for OVI. It ordered the terms to be served consecutively.
{¶ 4} On appeal, Dixon raises two primary arguments under his assignment of
error. First, he contends the trial court erred in failing to state that it had considered R.C.
2929.11 and R.C. 2929.12 when imposing his sentence. Second, he claims the trial court
erred in finding no mitigating factors present, thereby failing to consider evidence of
several such factors. In connection with this argument, Dixon asserts that the record does
not support the trial court’s consecutive-sentence findings. He also maintains that
maximum sentences were improper.
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{¶ 5} Upon review, we find Dixon’s assignment of error to be unpersuasive. The
principles and purposes of felony sentencing are set forth in R.C. 2929.11. The statutory
“seriousness” and “recidivism” factors that guide a court’s sentencing discretion are found
in R.C. 2929.12. Contrary to Dixon’s argument, this court found that a trial court need not
expressly state that it has considered R.C. 2929.11 and R.C. 2929.12. See, e.g., State v.
Guy, 2d Dist. Clark Nos. 2015-CA-28, 2015-CA-29, 2016-Ohio-425, ¶ 16, quoting State
v. Neff, 2d Dist. Clark No. 2012-CA-31, 2012-Ohio-6047, ¶ 5. In any event, although the
trial court here did not reference either statute by number during the sentencing hearing,
it explicitly considered and applied both of them to the facts before it. (Sentencing Tr. at
10, 12, 16). It also stated in its sentencing entry that it had considered the factors set forth
in R.C. 2929.12 and the principles and purposes of sentencing found in R.C. 2929.11.
(Doc. #6 at 2).
{¶ 6} In particular, the trial court stated at sentencing that “[i]n looking at the factors
under the Revised Code to determine [its] sentence,” it had considered that “the victim
suffered serious physical, psychological, and economic harm.” (Id. at 10). The fact that a
victim suffers serious physical, psychological, or emotional harm is, of course, a
consideration under R.C. 2929.12(B)(2) making an offender’s conduct more serious than
conduct normally constituting the offense. The trial court also stated that it found “no
factors under the Revised Code that render either of these offenses less serious.” (Id.).
This was a reference to the factors listed in R.C. 2929.12(C). The trial court additionally
addressed Dixon’s recidivism. (Id. at 10-13). It specifically identified several of the factors
under R.C. 2929.12(D) that made recidivism more likely. (Id. at 12-13). Finally, the trial
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court made clear that it had considered the principles and purposes of sentencing under
R.C. 2929.11. It explicitly stated that it had selected its sentence “[i]n order to meet the
guidelines of the Revised Code, which is to adequately punish the offender and to protect
the community.” (Id. at 16). This statement is a clear reference to the guiding principles
found in R.C. 2929.11.
{¶ 7} We also reject Dixon’s argument about the trial court’s failure to find any
mitigating factors that lessened the seriousness of his offenses. He raises this argument
in the context of the trial court’s decision to impose consecutive sentences. That issue, in
turn, implicates R.C. 2929.14(C)(4), which permits consecutive prison terms
if the court finds that the consecutive service is necessary to protect the
public from future crime or to punish the offender and that consecutive
sentences are not disproportionate to the seriousness of the offender’s
conduct and to the danger the offender poses to the public, and if the court
also finds any of the following:
(a) The offender committed one or more of the multiple offenses while the
offender was awaiting trial or sentencing, was under a sanction imposed
pursuant to section 2929.16, 2929.17, or 2929.18 of the Revised Code, or
was under post-release control for a prior offense.
(b) At least two of the multiple offenses were committed as part of one or
more courses of conduct, and the harm caused by two or more of the
multiple offenses so committed was so great or unusual that no single
prison term for any of the offenses committed as part of any of the courses
of conduct adequately reflects the seriousness of the offender’s conduct.
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(c) The offender’s history of criminal conduct demonstrates that consecutive
sentences are necessary to protect the public from future crime by the
offender.
{¶ 8} Here the trial court made all of the findings for consecutive sentences,
including all three of the alternative findings under R.C. 2929.14(C)(4)(a), (b), and (c).
(Sentencing Tr. at 16-17). We review those findings under the standard set forth in R.C.
2953.08(G)(2), which authorizes us to vacate Dixon’s consecutive sentences if we clearly
and convincingly find that the record does not support them. See State v. Marcum, Slip
Opinion No. 2016-Ohio-1002.
{¶ 9} As evidence of mitigation, Dixon cites the fact that he “accepted
responsibility” and “admitted he was wrong, quit drinking, apologized to the victim,
maintained steady employment, and cared for his children.” (Appellant’s brief at 7). The
trial court found no “genuine remorse,” however, and concluded that Dixon’s only real
concern was for himself. (Sentencing Tr. at 12, 14). In a letter to the trial court, Burkitt
also disputed his claim that he had been sober since the accident. But even if we accept
the “mitigating” facts Dixon cites, the record does not clearly and convincingly fail to
support the trial court’s consecutive-sentence findings. To the contrary, the record
overwhelmingly supports them.
{¶ 10} The record reflects that Dixon has an extraordinary history of criminal
convictions for, among other things, multiple OVIs, numerous driving under suspensions,
theft, disorderly conduct, criminal damaging, aggravated assault, resisting arrest,
violating a protection order, domestic violence, and having weapons while under
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disability. He previously had served two prison terms and, by one officer’s count, had
faced a total of 97 charges. As set forth above, the present incident involved an
intoxicated Dixon fleeing from police in a Corvette traveling 100 miles per hour while
running red lights in a residential area at 2:00 a.m. The trial court correctly observed:
“Short of someone dying—and, again, a lot of people aren’t sure why that didn’t happen—
this has to be one of the worst instances I have seen of somebody operating a vehicle
while under the influence, fleeing and eluding from an officer, crashing and causing such
extensive damage.” (Hearing Tr. at 15-16).
{¶ 11} The harm to the victim in this case scarcely can be put into words. The trial
court attempted to summarize the harm based on its review of more than 6,000 pages of
medical records. It stated:
* * * It’s over 6,000 pages long. I couldn’t read all of if it; but I did get
through the list of surgeries that she’s had to date, rather lengthy list of
surgeries. I got through the list of the damages caused to her body, all of
the broken bones, having to reattach her foot, for the most part, that was
almost severed away, all of the trauma.
33 days in a coma. Jaw wired shut. When she wakes up, her jaw’s
wired shut, her right hand’s in a cast, can’t move her left arm because it was
dislocated, couldn’t feel anything from the waist down, several broken
bones in her face, facial reconstruction, two artificial cheek bones, metal
plate above her left eye. Jaw was broken in several places. 10 surgeries in
the first 72 hours after the wreck. Both femur bones were broken, both knee
caps, left tibia all replaced with rods. Left foot almost completely detached,
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skin graft taken to reattach the foot, pelvis broken in three places, two
screws now holding that together. Severed liver, parts of bowel ruptured,
broken neck, traumatic brain injury, pituitary gland injuries. Can no longer
have children.
That’s a summary. I’ve read the medical records and actually goes
out much longer than that in detail. Spent six months either in the hospital
or nursing home, has regained some strength in her legs, not able to gain
full mobility of her right hand, which makes daily activity very difficult. Her—
what most of us consider a mundane activity such as writing, opening
things, cooking, dressing, grooming, all that’s a daily struggle for her now.
Her medical bills at the time that this was written, about three-and-a-half
million dollars and there is no proof of insurance anywhere.
(Id. at 7-8).
{¶ 12} The record contains equally compelling statements in the form of letters
from the victim, her family, friends, and law-enforcement officers. Having reviewed that
evidence, along with the sentencing transcript and the entire presentence-investigation
report, we harbor no doubt that the record supports the trial court’s consecutive-sentence
findings that consecutive service is necessary to protect the public from future crime or to
punish Dixon and that consecutive sentences are not disproportionate to the seriousness
of his conduct and to the danger he poses to the public. The record also supports the trial
court’s additional finding under R.C. 2929.14(C)(4)(c) that Dixon’s history of criminal
conduct demonstrates that consecutive sentences are necessary to protect the public
from future crime. Because the record supports that finding, we need not address whether
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the record supports the trial court’s alternative findings under R.C. 2929.14(C)(4)(a) and
(b). Those findings were unnecessary in light of our determination that the trial court’s
finding under R.C. 2929.14(C)(4)(c) was proper.
{¶ 13} Finally, in addition to challenging his consecutive sentences, Dixon briefly
argues that the trial court’s imposition of maximum sentences was improper. His entire
argument is as follows: “In this case, Mr. Dixon received two maximum sentences. The
maximum sentence was not required and the only mandatory time was pursuant to count
two which carried a minimum penalty of 60 days in jail. The offenses arose out of a single
incident and therefore Mr. Dixon contends imposing two maximum [sentences] for the
offenses was improper.” (Appellant’s brief at 4).
{¶ 14} In support of his argument, Dixon cites R.C. 2953.08(A)(1). But that
provision merely identifies the circumstances under which a defendant may appeal a
maximum sentence. Although the facts Dixon cites meet the statute’s requirements to
appeal his maximum sentences, we see no error in the trial court’s decision to impose
them. Unlike consecutive sentences, the trial court was not required to make any
particular “findings” to justify maximum prison sentences. State v. Whitt, 2d Dist. Clark
No. 2014-CA-125, 2016-Ohio-843, ¶ 8. As the Ohio Supreme Court recently explained in
Marcum:
We note that some sentences do not require the findings that R.C.
2953.08(G) specifically addresses. Nevertheless, it is fully consistent for
appellate courts to review those sentences that are imposed solely after
consideration of the factors in R.C. 2929.11 and 2929.12 under a standard
that is equally deferential to the sentencing court. That is, an appellate court
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may vacate or modify any sentence that is not clearly and convincingly
contrary to law only if the appellate court finds by clear and convincing
evidence that the record does not support the sentence.
Marcum at ¶ 23.
{¶ 15} In Marcum, the Ohio Supreme Court made clear that the standard contained
in R.C. 2953.08(G)(2) applies to all felony sentencing-term challenges. Here the trial court
properly considered the criteria found in R.C. 2929.11 and R.C. 2929.12, and the record
does not clearly and convincingly fail to support its decision to impose maximum
sentences. While a sentence also may be vacated under R.C. 2953.08(G)(2) if it is
“contrary to law,” Dixon makes no such argument in this case. In any event, we are unable
to conclude that the sentences he received were contrary to law.
{¶ 16} Based on the reasoning set forth above, we overrule Dixon’s assignment of
error and affirm the judgment of the Clark County Common Pleas Court.
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DONOVAN, P.J., and FROELICH, J., concur.
Copies mailed to:
Megan M. Farley
Jon Paul Rion
Nicole Rutter-Hirth
Hon. Richard J. O’Neill
State v. Dixon
Combined Opinion