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NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA, IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
PENNSYLVANIA
Appellee
v.
ALEXANDER LOPEZ,
Appellant No. 2881 EDA 2014
Appeal from the PCRA Order August 19, 2014
In the Court of Common Pleas of Lehigh County
Criminal Division at No(s): CP-39-CR-0001340-2008
BEFORE: BOWES, MUNDY AND PLATT,* JJ.
MEMORANDUM BY BOWES, J.: FILED MAY 19, 2016
Acting pro se, Alexander Lopez appeals the order entered on August
19, 2014, wherein the trial court dismissed his serial PCRA petition. We
affirm.
On November 17, 2008, Lopez pled guilty to robbery graded as a first
degree felony and conspiracy to commit that in relation to an incident
involving John Tyner, a business man who had rented a room in the Red
Roof Inn on Catasauqua Road in Lehigh County. Appellant and an
accomplice fraudulently gained entry to the victim’s room under the pretext
that they had accidentally damaged his rental car. Once inside, Appellant
brandished a semi-automatic handgun and demanded money. The
assailants ransacked the hotel room and took $80 and a cellular telephone.
* Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.
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Dissatisfied, Appellant and his cohort demanded that Mr. Tyner produce his
credit and debit cards and reveal the corresponding personal identification
numbers. Appellant and his cohort forced Mr. Tyner to drive them in the
rental car to several nearby automatic teller machines (“ATM”). Mr. Tyner
was able to escape his captors while they attempted to make withdrawals
using the stolen cards.
Pursuant to the plea agreement, Appellant received an aggregate
minimum sentence of fifteen years imprisonment, and the Commonwealth
withdrew several charges including kidnapping and robbery of a motor
vehicle. The minimum sentence was based upon the consecutive imposition
of two seven-and-one-half year terms that were calculated using the offense
gravity scores for robbery and conspiracy under the sentencing guidelines.
The terms were within the standard range of the sentencing matrix for
robbery and the aggravated range of the matrix for conspiracy. The trial
court accepted the plea agreement, and, on January 13, 2009, it imposed
the agreed-upon term of fifteen to forty years imprisonment. Appellant filed
a notice of appeal, which we quashed as untimely on June 30, 2009.
Appellant filed his first PCRA petition on September 14, 2009. The
trial court granted relief insofar as it permitted Appellant to file a motion to
reconsider the sentence nunc pro tunc. The trial court ultimately denied the
motion for reconsideration on December 23, 2009, and Appellant did not
appeal. On February 24, 2011, Appellant filed another PCRA petition
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asserting the ineffective assistance of plea counsel. The PCRA court denied
the petition as untimely filed, and we affirmed. See Commonwealth v.
Lopez, 46 A.3d 804 (Pa.Super. 2013) (unpublished memorandum).
On July 18, 2014, Appellant filed the instant PCRA petition, wherein he
purported to invoke the United States Supreme Court’s decision in Alleyne
v. United States, 133 S.Ct. 2151 (2013), as both an exception to the PCRA
time-bar and, inexplicably, a basis to challenge his guilty plea. 1 Following
notice pursuant to Pa.R.Crim.P. 907, the PCRA court dismissed the PCRA
petition without hearing. This appeal followed.
We review a PCRA court order to determine whether the PCRA court’s
determination is supported by the certified record and free of legal error.
Our Supreme Court has stated, “[a]n appellate court reviews the PCRA
court's findings of fact to determine whether they are supported by the
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1
Appellant’s precise argument is unclear. As discussed in the body of this
memorandum, the Alleyne Court held that any fact, other than a prior
conviction, that results in the application of a mandatory minimum sentence
must be submitted to the jury and found beyond a reasonable doubt.
Instantly, however, the trial court did not impose a mandatory minimum
sentence. In reality, Appellant pled guilty to robbery and criminal conspiracy
and agreed to the imposition of a minimum term of fifteen years
imprisonment based upon the sentencing guidelines. Hence, this case does
not implicate Alleyne or any of the mandatory sentencing statutes that this
Court has found to be unconstitutional under Alleyne. See e.g.,
Commonwealth v. Newman, 99 A.3d 86 (Pa.Super. 2014) (en banc))
Commonwealth v. Wolfe, 106 A.3d 800 (Pa.Super. 2014), appeal granted,
121 A.3d 433 (Pa. 2015).
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record, and reviews its conclusions of law to determine whether they are
free from legal error." Commonwealth v. Spotz, 84 A.3d 294, 311 (Pa.
2014). “The scope of review is limited to the findings of the PCRA court and
the evidence of record, viewed in the light most favorable to the prevailing
party at the trial level.” Id.
Herein, the PCRA court concluded that Appellant’s petition was barred
by the PCRA time requirements and that Appellant’s allegation of a newly-
recognized constitutional right did not fall within an exception to the time
bar. For the following reasons, we agree.
All PCRA petitions must be filed within one year of the date that the
judgment of sentence becomes final. 42 Pa.C.S. § 9545. The time
limitations imposed by the PCRA implicate our jurisdiction and they may not
be altered or disregarded in order to address the merits of a petition. See
Commonwealth v. Monaco, 996 A.2d 1076, 1079 (Pa.Super. 2010)
(“Pennsylvania law makes clear no court has jurisdiction to hear an untimely
PCRA petition.”). In a prior appeal, this Court found that Appellant’s
judgment of sentence became final on January 22, 2010. See Lopez,
supra (unpublished memorandum at *4-5). Therefore, at the latest,
Appellant’s petition had to be filed by January 22, 2011 in order to comply
with the time requirements. Appellant filed the instant petition on July 18,
2014; thus, unless one of the exceptions to the one-year time bar set forth
in 42 Pa.C.S. § 9545(b)(1)(i)-(iii) applies, the present petition is untimely.
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Section 9545 provides the following three exceptions that allow for
review of an untimely PCRA petition: (1) petitioner’s inability to raise a claim
as a result of governmental interference; (2) the discovery of previously
unknown facts that could not have been ascertained by the exercise of due
diligence; and (3) a newly-recognized constitutional right. 42 Pa.C.S. §
9545 (b)(1)(i)-(iii). To invoke an exception, the petitioner must plead it and
satisfy the burden of proof. Commonwealth v. Beasley, 741 A.2d 1258,
1261-62 (Pa. 1999). In addition, any exception must be raised within sixty
days of the date the claim could have been presented. 42 Pa.C.S. §
9545(b)(2).
Herein, Appellant attempts to invoke the newly-recognized
constitutional right as an exception to the PCRA time requirements.
Appellant argues that Alleyne effectively eviscerates Pennsylvania’s use of
statutory mandatory minimums. Appellant’s brief at 5. However, as
discussed, infra, his reliance upon Alleyne as a basis to circumvent the time
bar is unavailing. Stated plainly, Appellant failed to satisfy the threshold
requirement of asserting the statutory exception within sixty days of the
date the claim could be presented. The United States Supreme Court
decided Alleyne on June 17, 2013, and Appellant did not file his PCRA
petition until July 18, 2014, more than one year later. Moreover, to the
extent that Appellant contends that he invoked Alleyne “[p]romptly upon
becoming aware of the . . . decision,” see Appellant’s brief at 5, it is beyond
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argument that the sixty-day period for a prisoner to invoke an after-
recognized constitutional right as an exception to the PCRA time bar begins
to run on the date that the underlying judicial decision is entered and not
the date the decision became available in the prison library.
Commonwealth v. Leggett, 16 A.3d 1144, 1146-1147 (Pa.Super. 2011);
Commonwealth v. Baldwin, 789 A.2d 728, 731 (Pa.Super. 2001)
(“Neither the court system nor the correctional system is obliged to educate
or update prisoners concerning changes in case law”). Accordingly,
Appellant’s attempt to circumvent the statutory time bar fails.
Moreover, even if Appellant had satisfied the threshold requirement,
his invocation of Alleyne as an exception to the PCRA time bar would fail on
the merits. Pursuant to 42 Pa.C.S. § 9545 (b)(1)(iii), to prevail on a claim
that the retroactive application of a newly-recognized constitutional right
permits review of an otherwise untimely petition, Appellant must
demonstrate that “the right asserted is a constitutional right that was
recognized by the Supreme Court of the United States or the Supreme Court
of Pennsylvania . . . and has been held by that court to apply retroactively.”
In Commonwealth v. Miller, 102 A.3d 988, 995 (Pa.Super. 2014),
this Court concluded that Alleyne does not fall within the exception invoked
by Appellant. We noted that, “a new rule of constitutional law is applied
retroactively to cases on collateral review only if the United States Supreme
Court or our Supreme Court specifically holds it to be retroactively applicable
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to those cases.” Id. As “neither our Supreme Court, nor the United States
Supreme Court has held that Alleyne is to be applied retroactively to cases
in which the judgment of sentence had become final[,]” we reasoned that
the PCRA petitioner cannot utilize Alleyne to successfully assert the
statutory exception outlined in § 9545 (b)(1)(iii). To date, neither our
Supreme Court nor the United States Supreme Court has ruled Alleyne to
be retroactive. Likewise, neither Court has disturbed the Miller Court’s
holding. Thus, it is binding. See Commonwealth v. Slocum, 86 A.3d 272,
278 n.9 (Pa.Super. 2014) (“This Court is bound by existing precedent under
the doctrine of stare decisis and continues to follow controlling precedent as
long as the decision has not been overturned by our Supreme Court.”).
Order affirmed.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 5/19/2016
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