MEMORANDUM DECISION
Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D), this FILED
Memorandum Decision shall not be May 20 2016, 10:00 am
regarded as precedent or cited before any
CLERK
court except for the purpose of establishing Indiana Supreme Court
Court of Appeals
the defense of res judicata, collateral and Tax Court
estoppel, or the law of the case.
APPELLANT PRO SE ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE
Victoria H. Rybicki Neal Bailen
Schererville, Indiana Brian M. Bennett
Stites & Harbison PLLC
Jeffersonville, Indiana
IN THE
COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA
Victoria H. Rybicki, May 20, 2016
Appellant, Court of Appeals Case No.
45A04-1509-MF-1341
v. Appeal from the Lake Superior
Court
U.S. Bank National Association, The Honorable Bruce D. Parent,
Successor Trustee to Bank of Judge
America, N.A., as Successor To Trial Court Cause No. 45D04-
Lasalle Bank, N.A., as Trustee 1203-MF-121
for the Merrill Lynch First
Franklin Mortgage Loan Trust,
Mortgage Loan Asset-Backed
Certificates, Series 2007-2,
Appellee.
Brown, Judge.
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[1] Victoria H. Rybicki, pro se, appeals the entry of summary judgment in favor of
U.S. Bank (“U.S. Bank”). Rybicki raises a number of issues, which we
consolidate and restate as whether the trial court erred in granting summary
judgment in favor of U.S. Bank. We affirm.
Facts and Procedural History
[2] On March 9, 2007, Rybicki and Thomas Rybicki executed a promissory note
evidencing a loan from “Nationpoint, a Div. of FFFC, an Op. Sub. of MLB&T
Co., FSB” (“Nationpoint”) in the original amount of $230,400 (the “Note”)
and a mortgage (the “Mortgage”) in favor of Mortgage Electronic Registration
Systems, Inc. (“MERS”), as nominee for Nationpoint and its successors and
assigns, granting a security interest in certain real property located in Lake
County, Indiana, to secure repayment of the loan, which was recorded in the
Office of the Recorder for Lake County as document number 2007 023051.
Appellee’s Appendix at 8. The Note was specially endorsed by Nationpoint to
First Franklin Financial Corporation (“First Franklin”) and endorsed by First
Franklin in blank. Pursuant to an Assignment of Mortgage (the “Assignment”)
dated October 21, 2011, and recorded October 31, 2011, MERS as nominee for
Nationpoint assigned and transferred the Mortgage to U.S. Bank.
[3] On March 29, 2012, U.S. Bank filed a Complaint to Foreclose Mortgage
against Rybicki and Thomas Rybicki and attached the Note, Mortgage, and
Assignment. The complaint alleged that Rybicki and Thomas Rybicki failed to
tender monthly payments as required by the Mortgage and Note, with the
initial default occurring for the month of March 2010, and that U.S. Bank
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elected to declare the entire balance due and owing. The complaint alleged that
as of March 29, 2012, a principal balance on the Note of $227,153.34 and
accrued interest totaling $34,573.36 was due and owing, and that the Bank was
entitled to interest after that date, reasonable costs and attorney fees, and
advances for real estate taxes, insurance, and to preserve its security for the
debt. U.S. Bank further alleged that it was a “person entitled to enforce” the
Note pursuant to Ind. Code § 26-1-3.1-301(1). Id. at 2. It requested the entry of
a personal judgment against Rybicki, that the court declare the Mortgage to be
a valid and first lien on the property, and that an order be entered foreclosing
the Mortgage and directing the sale of the property to satisfy the debt.1
[4] On April 16, 2015, U.S. Bank filed a motion for summary judgment together
with a brief in support of the motion and a designation of evidence.2 U.S.
Bank’s designated evidence includes an Affidavit of Indebtedness by a
document execution specialist of Nationstar Mortgage LLC (“Nationstar”),
which services and maintains records for the loan secured by the Mortgage,
which states that U.S. Bank, directly or through an agent, has possession of the
1
The complaint also named Bank of America, N.A., and MERS as nominee for Nationpoint as defendants
for any interest they may have had in the property under a mortgage in the amount of $57,600 recorded in
the Office of the Recorder for Lake County as document number 2007 023652 and alleged that such interest
was subordinate and inferior to the interest of U.S. Bank. An August 15, 2012 entry in the chronological
case summary (“CCS”) states that an amended complaint was filed and a summons sent to Midland
Funding, LLC. The record does not contain the amended complaint. The court’s entry of summary
judgment and decree of foreclosure found that Thomas Rybicki is deceased and was defaulted. The court
further found that Bank of America, N.A., MERS as nominee for Nationpoint, and Midland Funding, LLC,
failed to appear or respond to the complaint and were defaulted.
2
According to the CCS, the court had previously granted summary judgment in favor of U.S. Bank in May
2014, and then entered an Order on Agreed Motion to Vacate in November 2014.
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Note and held the Note at the time of the filing of the foreclosure complaint,
that the Note has been duly endorsed, and that the amounts due on the loan
through February 25, 2015, totaled $331,986.13.
[5] Rybicki filed a response arguing that U.S. Bank was not entitled to enforce the
Note. U.S. Bank filed a reply and supplemental designated evidence, including
an Affidavit of Possession of Original Note by counsel for U.S. Bank stating
that, on December 3, 2014, counsel obtained possession of the original Note
executed by Rybicki from Nationstar, that counsel has possession of the
original Note, that a copy of the Note and all endorsements attached to the
Note is attached to the affidavit, and that the Note evidences that Nationpoint
specifically endorsed the Note to First Franklin and thereafter First Franklin
endorsed the Note in blank.
[6] On July 29, 2015, Rybicki filed a “Verified Motion to Compel
Additional/Better Answers to Interrogatories and Additional Records in
Response to Requests for Production,” stating in part that U.S. Bank’s June 19,
2015 answers to her second set of discovery were evasive, incomplete, and
otherwise deficient. Appellant’s Appendix at 41. Also on July 29, 2015,
Rybicki filed a “Verified Motion to Continue Hearing Pending Ongoing and
Essential Discovery” which stated that she contemporaneously filed a motion
for an order to compel and argued that “[t]he material fact of [U.S. Bank’s]
authority to act as holder of the [N]ote is in dispute” and that “[t]he matter is
not ripe for hearing due to outstanding discovery.” Appellee’s Appendix at
127, 129. The same day, U.S. Bank filed an objection to Rybicki’s motion to
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continue, arguing that the summary judgment hearing was scheduled for
August 3, 2015, that U.S. Bank had responded to Rybicki’s first set of discovery
requests on February 9 and 12, 2015, that Rybicki thereafter provided it with a
second set of discovery requests, and that U.S. Bank had responded on June 19,
2015. U.S. Bank further stated that the original Note and Mortgage would be
presented for inspection at the August 3, 20l5 hearing, that it had made the
original Note and Mortgage available to Rybicki to examine, and that on no
occasion had Rybicki attempted an examination.
[7] On August 3, 2015, the court held a hearing on U.S. Bank’s summary judgment
motion, at which counsel for the Bank indicated that it had the original Note
and Mortgage available for review by the court and Rybicki. When questioned
by the court, Rybicki stated she did not make a payment in 2014 or 2015, that
she did not recall whether she made payments in 2012 and 2013, and that her
husband took care of the finances. When later asked by the court if she made a
payment from 2013 through 2015, Rybicki stated that she “didn’t pay that,”
and when asked “[s]o it’s not the default part of this that you are contesting,”
she answered “[y]es, your Honor.” Transcript at 22. The court issued an order
denying Rybicki’s motion to continue the hearing and her motion to compel,
stating that her “request to again receive documents could not lead to the
development of a material issue of fact.” Appellant’s Appendix at 22. The
court also issued an Entry of Summary Judgment and Decree of Foreclosure in
favor of U.S. Bank, finding in part that U.S. Bank “is a valid holder of the
[N]ote, endorsed in blank, and entitled to enforce.” Id. at 24.
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Discussion
[8] The issue is whether the trial court erred in granting summary judgment in
favor of U.S. Bank. Although Rybicki is proceeding pro se, such litigants are
held to the same standard as trained counsel and are required to follow
procedural rules. Evans v. State, 809 N.E.2d 338, 344 (Ind. Ct. App. 2004),
trans. denied. This court will not “indulge in any benevolent presumptions on
[their] behalf, or waive any rule for the orderly and proper conduct of [their]
appeal.” Ankeny v. Governor of State of Ind., 916 N.E.2d 678, 679 n1. (Ind. Ct.
App. 2009) (citation omitted), reh’g denied, trans. denied.
[9] Summary judgment is appropriate only where there is no genuine issue of
material fact and the moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law.
Ind. Trial Rule 56(C); Mangold ex rel. Mangold v. Ind. Dep’t of Natural Res., 756
N.E.2d 970, 973 (Ind. 2001). All facts and reasonable inferences drawn from
those facts are construed in favor of the nonmovant. Id. Our review of a
summary judgment motion is limited to those materials designated to the trial
court. Id. Under Trial Rule 56(C), the moving party bears the burden of
making a prima facie showing that there are no genuine issues of material fact
and that it is entitled to judgment as a matter of law. Klinker v. First Merchs.
Bank, N.A., 964 N.E.2d 190, 193 (Ind. 2012). If it is successful, the burden
shifts to the nonmoving party to designate evidence establishing the existence of
a genuine issue of material fact. Id. In reviewing a trial court’s ruling on a
motion for summary judgment, we may affirm on any grounds supported by
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the Indiana Trial Rule 56 materials. Catt v. Bd. of Comm’rs of Knox Cnty., 779
N.E.2d 1, 3 (Ind. 2002).
[10] Rybicki contends that U.S. Bank “failed to show it is a rightful ‘holder of the
instrument’ in physical possession” and that “[p]ossession fails to show U.S.
Bank received from a previous holder, the sole right to enforce the note, and
that the [N]ote was voluntarily delivered with the intention of transferring all
rights in said [N]ote.” Appellant’s Brief at 22. She asserts that “[o]nly a
rightful holder with the legal right to do so can declare a default or enforce.” Id.
at 25. Rybicki further argues: “By claiming it was a ‘person entitled to enforce,’
U.S. Bank invoked the UCC as a matter of law. U.S. Bank ‘opened the door’.
Ms. Rybicki in turn, as a prudent person propped the door to prevent closure
and invoked her protections found in the same body of law.” Id. at 27. She
argues, without citation to authority, that U.S. Bank must provide “complete
information about the full chain of ownership and control to know if the person
currently in possession is the valid holder.” Id. at 31. She also argues that she
sought this information but that the trial court and U.S. Bank impeded her
access to the records.
[11] To the extent Rybicki fails to cite to relevant authority or relevant portions of
the record or develop an argument with respect to the issues she attempts to
raise on appeal, those arguments are waived. See Loomis v. Ameritech Corp., 764
N.E.2d 658, 668 (Ind. Ct. App. 2002) (holding argument waived for failure to
cite authority or provide cogent argument), reh’g denied, trans. denied.
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[12] Ind. Code § 26-1-3.1-301 provides in part: “‘Person entitled to enforce’ an
instrument means: (1) the holder of the instrument; [or] (2) a nonholder in
possession of the instrument who has the rights of a holder; . . . .” Ind. Code §
26-1-1-201(20) provides in part: “‘Holder’ means . . . the person in possession of
a negotiable instrument that is payable either to bearer or to an identified person
if the identified person is in possession of the instrument . . . .” Ind. Code § 26-
1-1-201(5) provides: “‘Bearer’ means the person: (A) in control of a negotiable
electronic document of title; or (B) in possession of a negotiable instrument, a
negotiable tangible document of title, or a certificated security payable to bearer
or endorsed in blank.” Ind. Code § 26-1-3.1-204(c) provides that, “[f]or the
purpose of determining whether the transferee of an instrument is a holder, an
endorsement that transfers a security interest in the instrument is effective as an
unqualified endorsement of the instrument.”
[13] U.S. Bank’s designated evidence includes a copy of the Note executed by
Rybicki and Thomas Rybicki and the endorsements attached to the Note.
Rybicki and Thomas Rybicki promised to pay the lender, identified as
Nationpoint, the principal amount of the loan plus interest as set forth in the
Note. The Note expressly provided that Nationpoint as the lender may transfer
the Note, that anyone who takes the Note by transfer would become the Note
Holder, and that the Note Holder has the right to repayment under the Note.
The endorsements attached to the Note show the Note was endorsed by
Nationpoint to First Franklin and endorsed in blank by First Franklin. In
addition, the recorded Mortgage, executed by Rybicki and Thomas Rybicki in
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favor of MERS as nominee for Nationpoint and its successors and assigns,
granted a security interest in the property to secure repayment of the loan, and
was assigned, pursuant to the recorded Assignment, to U.S. Bank.
[14] Further, U.S. Bank’s designated evidence includes the Affidavit of Indebtedness
by a document execution specialist of Nationstar, in which the specialist states
that Nationstar services and maintains records for the loan, that she has
personal knowledge of the facts in the affidavit based upon a review of
Nationstar’s business records, that she has personal knowledge of Nationstar’s
procedures for creating the records, that the records are made at or near the
time of the occurrence of the matters by persons with personal knowledge or
from information transmitted by persons with personal knowledge, and that the
records are made and kept in the ordinary course of Nationstar’s business.
Among other averments, the specialist states that U.S. Bank, directly or through
an agent, has possession of the Note, that the Note has been duly endorsed, and
that Nationstar’s business records show Rybicki defaulted on the Note and that
the amounts due on the loan through February 25, 2015, totaled $331,986.13.
[15] U.S. Bank’s designated evidence also includes the Affidavit of Possession of
Original Note by counsel for U.S. Bank which states that counsel obtained
possession of the original Note from Nationstar, that a copy of the Note and all
endorsements attached to the Note is attached to the affidavit, and that the
Note evidences that Nationpoint specifically endorsed the Note to First
Franklin and that thereafter First Franklin endorsed the Note in blank.
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[16] U.S. Bank attached copies of the Note, Mortgage, and Assignment to its
Complaint to Foreclose Mortgage, in compliance with Ind. Trial Rule 9.2(A).3
U.S. Bank also stated in its objection to Rybicki’s motion to continue the
hearing that the original Note and Mortgage would be presented for inspection
at the August 3, 20l5 hearing, that it had made the original Note and Mortgage
available to Rybicki to examine, and that on no occasion during the matter had
Rybicki attempted an examination.4
[17] The transcript reveals that Rybicki was shown the original Note during the
August 3, 2015 summary judgment hearing. Rybicki indicated that she was
living on the property secured by the Mortgage and did not make payments in
2013, 2014, or 2015 and thus was in default.
[18] The designated evidence supports the determination of the trial court that U.S.
Bank was a holder of the Note and as such was entitled to enforce it. Further,
the designated evidence supports the court’s ruling that Rybicki was in default
under the terms of the Note and Mortgage. The trial court did not err in
3
Trial Rule 9.2(A) provides in part: “When any pleading allowed by these rules is founded on a written
instrument, the original, or a copy thereof, must be included in or filed with the pleading. Such instrument,
whether copied in the pleadings or not, shall be taken as part of the record.”
4
Trial Rule 9.2(E) provides in part:
When a copy of a written instrument is filed with or copied in the pleadings under the provisions
of this rule, the pleader shall permit inspection of the original unless it is alleged that the original
is lost, whether by destruction, theft or otherwise, or unless it is alleged or established that the
instrument is in the possession of another person and out of the control of the pleader or that the
duty to allow inspection is otherwise excused. The pleader shall allow inspection promptly upon
request of a party, and inspection may be ordered by the court upon motion without a hearing at
any time.
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granting summary judgment in favor of U.S. Bank. See Collins v. HSBC Bank
USA, Nat. Ass’n, 974 N.E.2d 537, 541 (Ind. Ct. App. 2012) (observing that
HSBC Bank USA (“HSBC”) presented the original note with the borrower’s
inked signature and that the note contained the endorsement from a previous
lender to HSBC, holding that the only inference to be drawn was that HSBC
was the holder and owner of the note and as such was entitled to enforce it, and
affirming the trial court’s entry of summary judgment in favor of HSBC); see also
Wilmington Sav. Fund Soc., FSB v. Bowling, 39 N.E.3d 395, 397-399 (Ind. Ct.
App. 2015) (noting that a promissory note was endorsed in blank, that
possession of the note was transferred several times, and that the designated
evidence established that the foreclosing bank was in possession of the original
promissory note that was endorsed in blank, and holding that, although
possession of the notes was not transferred by special endorsement as required
by a certain servicing agreement, the borrower was not a party to the servicing
agreement and could not attack the status of the holder by way of invoking the
servicing agreement), reh’g denied.
[19] In addition, with respect to Rybicki’s requests to continue and to compel
additional discovery into whether U.S. Bank was entitled to enforce the Note,
the decision to grant a continuance of summary judgment deadlines is
committed to the sound discretion of the trial court. Collins, 974 N.E.2d at 541.
It is generally improper for a trial court to grant summary judgment while
reasonable discovery requests that bear on issues material to the motion are still
pending. Id. However, in order to establish that a trial court abused its
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discretion in denying a motion for a continuance, the appealing party must
show both that good cause existed to grant the motion and that it was
prejudiced by the denial. Id. Rybicki was not deprived of an opportunity to
review copies of the loan documents or the original documents in U.S. Bank’s
possession. Rybicki does not assert that the endorsements of Nationpoint or
First Franklin were invalid, and the endorsements were not a surprise to
Rybicki as the Note with endorsements were attached to the complaint.
Further discovery could not lead to the development of a material issue of fact.
We cannot conclude that Rybicki has shown that good cause existed to grant
her requests to continue and to compel, or that she was prejudiced by the
denial. The trial court did not abuse its discretion in denying her requests. See
id. at 541-542 (noting the borrower argued the trial court erred in denying his
motion to conduct additional discovery into the ownership of the note,
concluding that additional discovery regarding the validity of the assignment
from a previous lender to HSBC could not lead to the development of a
material fact and that HSBC as the holder of the endorsed note was entitled to
enforce it, and holding that the borrower did not show good cause to grant the
motion for additional discovery or that he was prejudiced by the denial).
Conclusion
[20] For the foregoing reasons, we affirm the rulings of the trial court and the entry
of summary judgment in favor of U.S. Bank.
[21] Affirmed.
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Kirsch, J., and Mathias, J., concur.
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