Com. v. Cruz-West, A.

J-S23034-16

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
: PENNSYLVANIA
:
v. :
:
AMIR R.R. CRUZ-WEST :
:
Appellant :
: No. 1037 EDA 2015

Appeal from the PCRA Order March 13, 2015
in the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County Criminal Division
at No(s): CP-51-CR-0005601-2008
CP-51-CR-0005602-2008

BEFORE: PANELLA, OTT, and FITZGERALD,* JJ.

MEMORANDUM BY FITZGERALD, J.: FILED MAY 27, 2016

Pro se Appellant, Amir R.R. Cruz-West, appeals from the order entered

in the Philadelphia County Court of Common Pleas dismissing his first

petition for relief filed pursuant to the Post Conviction Relief Act 1 (“PCRA”).

Appellant claims PCRA counsel was ineffective by failing to argue that trial

counsel was ineffective by failing to (1) request a McCusker2 charge, and

(2) call an expert to testify that Appellant was suffering from post-traumatic

stress disorder. Appellant also claims the PCRA court erred by (1) failing to

*
Former Justice specially assigned to the Superior Court.
1
42 Pa.C.S. §§ 9541-9546.
2
Commonwealth v. McCusker, 292 A.2d 286 (Pa. 1972).
J-S23034-16

consider the merits of his claims, and (2) improperly adopting PCRA

counsel’s Turner/Finley3 brief. We affirm.

We adopt the facts as set forth by a prior panel of this Court.

At around 12:00 p.m. in the afternoon, on January 31,
2008, Troy Jennings and Marcellus Johnson were fatally
shot outside of 36 North St. Bernard Street in Philadelphia.
Just prior to the shooting, Charles Partlow who lived with
his grandmother at 40 North St. Bernard Street, was in his
grandmother’s basement when he heard Mr. Jennings,
whom he had known all his life, yelling outside. Mr.
Partlow went outside and saw Mr. Jennings standing in
front of 36 North St. Bernard Street and heard him
screaming, “Come on out. Let’s fight. Today the day. We
got to fight. I told you don’t come around here.” Mr.
Partlow walked over to 36 North St. Bernard Street,
walked past Mr. Jennings and through the front door,
where he saw [Appellant] standing in the vestibule. He
asked [Appellant] if he was all right and [Appellant] said,
“Yeah” after which Mr. Partlow walked back to his
grandmother’s house. At no point did Mr. Partlow observe
Mr. Jennings with a weapon.

Albert Crane, IV, who lived at 36 North St. Bernard
Street, was awakened by the sound of Mr. Jennings yelling
outside of his home. When Mr. Crane came down the
steps, he saw [Appellant] was in his vestibule and he went
outside to try and calm Mr. Jennings down. After a few
minutes of standing outside, Mr. Crane saw Mr. Johnson,
also known as “Smurf,” pull up to the house, get out, and
ask for a cigarette. Mr. Crane went back inside the house
to get his car keys; at this point [Appellant] was sitting
inside the house about half way up the stairs which led to
the living room. Mr. Crane told [Appellant] to calm down
and that he would go back outside and tell Mr. Jennings
the same. Once outside again, Mr. Crane, Mr. Jennings,
and Mr. Johnson “laughed” and “joked,” while Mr. Crane

3
Commonwealth v. Turner, 544 A.2d 927 (Pa. 1988); Commonwealth
v. Finley, 550 A.2d 213 (Pa. Super. 1988) (en banc).

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stood near the railing of his front porch. After about five
minutes, [Appellant] came out through the front door of
the house, holding a shotgun, shot Mr. Jennings and Mr.
Johnson from 5 to 10 feet away, and ran towards Arch
Street. Mr. Partlow, at the time of the shooting, was
standing in the doorway of his grandmother’s house with
his attention diverted away from 36 North St. Bernard
Street when he heard gunshots. When he turned to look
over at 36 North St. Bernard Street, he observed
[Appellant] running away with a shotgun in his hand.

Mr. Crane recognized the gun [Appellant] used as the
shotgun Michael Robinson, a recent resident at 36 North
St. Bernard Street, owned and kept in the house. Mr.
Robinson testified that he owned a Mossberg Model 500,
12-gauge shotgun which was kept in the house and that
he had previously shown [Appellant] the shotgun yet had
never given him permission to use it. Neither victim was
seen with a weapon at any point on the day of the
shooting. Police Officer Jerold Harris, after receiving a
radio call of a shooting, and arriving on the scene, put Mr.
Johnson into a police vehicle to rush him to the hospital
and checked Mr. Johnson’s person for weapons and did not
find any. Mr. Jennings had been shot twice in the neck,
causing his carotid artery and jugular vein to be
completely severed, while Mr. Johnson had two shotgun
wounds to his back. Both victims were pronounced dead
on January 31, 2008.

The ballistics expert testified that he had received, from
the Medical Examiner’s Office, six uncoated lead pellets an
Assistant Medical Examiner had taken from the body of Mr.
Jennings, and four uncoated lead pellets from Mr.
Johnson’s body, which were all consistent with being
Double-0 buckshot. Four fired 12 gauge shot shells,
marked Double-0 buck, were retrieved from the crime
scene, as well as two lead spherical pellets that were all
consistent with Double-0 buckshot. The ballistics expert
was unable to opine whether or not the fired shots were all
fired from the same firearm.

[Appellant] testified at trial and claimed he acted in
self-defense. He testified that, a few months before the
shooting, Mr. Jennings had threatened him with a shotgun,

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one that was different from the one [Appellant] had used,
and that Mr. Jennings had eventually calmed down but told
[Appellant] to never come back around the neighborhood.
He also testified that, in 2005, Mr. Jennings shot at
[Appellant’s] sister’s vehicle yet neither incident was ever
reported to the police. [Appellant] said he came to visit
Mr. Crane at his house on the day of the shooting, and saw
Mr. Jennings staring at him aggressively near 33 [sic]
North St. Bernard Street. [Appellant] walked over to Mr.
Crane’s home, used the key he had to get inside, and then
locked the door. Mr. Crane asked him to stay on the steps
inside the house and then walked outside to ask Mr.
Jennings what was going on. Mr. Johnson arrived at the
home shortly after. When Mr. Crane came back inside the
house, [Appellant] testified that Mr. Crane told him, “I
think they strapped.” After Mr. Crane went back outside,
[Appellant] went upstairs, retrieved Mr. Robinson’s
shotgun, went back downstairs, out the front door, and
shot Mr. Jennings and Mr. Johnson, although he testified
that he did not see Mr. Johnson. [Appellant] admitted he
did not see Mr. Jennings with a weapon on the day of the
shooting.

Commonwealth v. Cruz-West, 3442 EDA 2010 (unpublished

memorandum at 1-3) (Pa. Super. Nov. 18, 2011) (citing Trial Ct. Op.,

6/9/11, at 1-4) (citations omitted).

Following a jury trial, Appellant was convicted of two counts of first-

degree murder4 and one count of possessing an instrument of crime

(“PIC”).5 Appellant was sentenced to two concurrent life sentences for the

first-degree murder charges and a concurrent three months to five years’

imprisonment for PIC. Appellant did not file post-trial motions or a direct

4
18 Pa.C.S. § 2502(a).
5
18 Pa.C.S. § 907(a).

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appeal. On August 5, 2010, counsel filed a PCRA petition seeking

reinstatement of his appeal rights which was granted. On December 17,

2010, Appellant filed a notice of appeal nunc pro tunc. This Court affirmed

his judgment of sentence on November 18, 2011. See id. On April 27,

2012, the Pennsylvania Supreme Court denied Appellant’s petition for

allowance of appeal. Commonwealth v. Cruz-West, 42 A.3d 1058 (Pa.

2012).

On April 16, 2013, pro se Appellant filed a PCRA petition. Counsel was

appointed and on January 23, 2015, sought permission to withdraw pursuant

to Turner/Finley. On February 10, 2015, the PCRA court filed a

Pa.R.Crim.P. 907 notice of intent to dismiss, notifying Appellant he had

twenty days within which to file a response. Appellant filed a pro se

response to the Rule 907 notice.6 On March 13, 2015, the court granted

counsel permission to withdraw and dismissed the PCRA petition. This

timely appeal followed. Appellant filed a court-ordered Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b)

statement of errors complained of on appeal, and the PCRA court filed a

responsive opinion.

Appellant raises the following issues for our review:

6
Appellant’s response was filed on March 9, 2015. However, his certificate
of service indicates that it was mailed by first class mail on February 24,
2015. Under the “prisoner mailbox rule,” a pro se prisoner’s document is
deemed filed on the date he delivers it to prison authorities for mailing. See
Commonwealth v. Wilson, 911 A.2d 942, 944 n.2 (Pa. Super. 2006).

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I. Was PCRA counsel ineffective[7] in failing to argue that
trial counsel was ineffective for failing to request a
McCusker charge or its equivalent to explain to the jury
how the violent history between Appellant and victim (Troy
Jennings) could amount to provocation; and B) failing to
call on psychiatric expert testimony to explain that
provocation relative to Appellant’s mindset at the time was
translatable as a form of post-traumatic stress?

II. Did PCRA counsel and the court err in dismissing claim I
as previously litigated and thus fail to consider the merits
of the actual argument?

III. Was the PCRA court’s wholesale adoption of every
point made by PCRA counsel in violation of
Commonwealth v. Williams, [ ] 732 A.2d 1167 [Pa.
1999]?

Appellant’s Brief at vii (footnote omitted).

7
In Commonwealth v. Ford, 44 A.3d 1190 (Pa. Super. 2012), this Court
held that “claims of PCRA counsel ineffectiveness cannot be raised for the
first time after a notice of appeal has been taken from the underlying PCRA
matter.” Id. at 1201. However, the Ford Court opined that “a majority of
the Supreme Court agrees that issues of PCRA counsel effectiveness must be
raised in a serial PCRA petition or in response to a notice of dismissal
before the PCRA court.” Id. at 1200 (emphasis added). We note that

a claim of PCRA counsel ineffectiveness set forth for the
first time in a Rule 907 response to a notice of intent to
dismiss during a petitioner’s first PCRA proceeding is not a
second or serial petition, nor is it an amended petition.
Rather, the claim is more properly viewed as an objection
to dismissal.

Commonwealth v. Rykard, 55 A.3d 1177, 1187 (Pa. Super. 2012). In the
case sub judice, Appellant asserted that “PCRA counsel was ineffective in
misconstruing the objectives of arguments I, II, and III” in his response to
the PCRA court’s notice of intent to dismiss pursuant to Pa.R.Crim.P. 907.
Objection to the Court’s Notice of Intent to Dismiss, 3/10/15, at 1.
Therefore, we address Appellant’s issues raised on appeal. See id.; Ford,
44 A.3d at 1200.

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First, Appellant contends that

[w]hen undisputed evidence of a series of related events
serves as a critical element in establishing provocation, the
trial [c]ourt must give the McCusker instruction or its
equivalent. The voluntary manslaughter instruction
employs a tentative mention of “a series of related
events”; however, the idea was perfected in
[8]
Stonehouse, where the [defendant’s] history with her
attacker amounted to Battered Woman’s Syndrome, a sub-
facet beneath the umbrella of Post-Traumatic-Stress-
Disorder. Here [Appellant] previously fought the victim,
and the victim pulled a shotgun on [Appellant], explicitly
expressing that he would kill [Appellant] if he (Jennings)
encountered [Appellant] again. Expert testimony would
have fleshed-out in lay terms the categorical degrees of
PTSD, and the litany of irrationalities one afflicted with
even a mild case of the disorder undergoes. Thus
Appellant’s “belief” he was in mortal danger would have
resonated as credible when the fact finders were delegated
to read his mind─because of the way being provoked prior
to the events affected his belief.

Id. at 5.

Our review is governed by the following principles.

Under our standard of review for an appeal from the
denial of PCRA relief, we must determine whether the
ruling of the PCRA court is supported by the record and is
free of legal error. The PCRA court’s credibility
determinations are binding on this Court when they are
supported by the record. However, this Court applies a de
novo standard of review to the PCRA court’s legal
conclusions.

To be eligible for PCRA relief, a petitioner must plead
and prove by a preponderance of the evidence that his or
her conviction or sentence resulted from one or more of
the circumstances enumerated in 42 Pa.C.S. § 9543(a)(2).
These circumstances include a violation of the

8
Commonwealth v. Stonehouse, 555 A.2d 772 (Pa. 1989).

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J-S23034-16

Pennsylvania or United States Constitution and ineffective
assistance of counsel which “so undermined the truth-
determining process that no reliable adjudication of guilt or
innocence could have taken place.” 42 Pa.C.S. §
9543(a)(2)(i), (ii).

* * *

To prevail on a claim of ineffective assistance of
counsel, a petitioner must overcome the presumption that
counsel is effective by establishing all of the following
three elements, as set forth in Commonwealth v. Pierce,
[ ] 527 A.2d 973, 975–76 ([Pa.] 1987): (1) the underlying
legal claim has arguable merit; (2) counsel had no
reasonable basis for his or her action or inaction; and (3)
the petitioner suffered prejudice because of counsel’s
ineffectiveness.

Commonwealth v. Chmiel, 30 A.3d 1111, 1127-28 (Pa. 2011) (some

citations omitted).

Additionally, counsel cannot be deemed ineffective for
failing to raise a meritless claim. Finally, because a PCRA
petitioner must establish all the Pierce prongs to be
entitled to relief, we are not required to analyze the
elements of an ineffectiveness claim in any specific order;
thus, if a claim fails under any required element, we may
dismiss the claim on that basis.

Commonwealth v. Treiber, 121 A.3d 435, 445 (Pa. 2015) (citations

omitted).

In determining a layered claim of ineffectiveness, the
critical inquiry is whether the first attorney that the
defendant asserts was ineffective did, in fact, render
ineffective assistance of counsel. If that attorney was
effective, then subsequent counsel cannot be deemed
ineffective for failing to raise the underlying issue.

Rykard, 55 A.3d at 1190 (quotation marks and citation omitted).

In McCusker, the Pennsylvania Supreme Court opined as follows.

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We must decide today whether psychiatric evidence is
admissible in a murder prosecution for the limited purpose
of determining whether a defendant acted in the heat of
passion. We are persuaded by the almost unanimous
voice of professionally recognized authorities that such
evidence is competent and in certain circumstances
admissible.

* * *

[The a]ppellant sought to establish the general and
well-recognized requirements for a jury finding of
voluntary manslaughter. Specifically he attempted to
establish that as a result of adequate provocation he acted
in the heat of passion when he killed his wife. Our law is
quite explicit that the determination of whether a certain
quantum of provocation is sufficient to support the defense
of voluntary manslaughter is purely an objective standard.

* * *

In making the objective determination as to what
constitutes sufficient provocation reliance may be placed
upon the cumulative impact of a series of related events.
The ultimate test for adequate provocation remains
whether a reasonable man, confronted with this series of
events, became impassioned to the extent that his mind
was ‘incapable of cool reflection.’

Id. at 287, 289-90 (footnotes omitted);

The defendant in McCusker, to establish provocation,

relied on three events immediately preceding the slaying:
his awareness within the last month before the crime that
his wife had entered into a meretricious relationship with
his step-brother; his knowledge within minutes of the
crime that his wife was perhaps pregnant with his step-
brother’s child; and his wife’s threat immediately before
the crime that she was going to leave defendant and take
with her his only child.

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J-S23034-16

Id. at 289-90; see also Commonwealth v. Mason, 130 A.3d 601, 629

n.34 (Pa. 2015).

In Stonehouse,

[The a]ppellant asserts that her trial counsel was
ineffective in failing to request a jury instruction that would
require the jury to consider the cumulative effects of
psychological and physical abuse when assessing the
reasonableness of a battered person’s fear of imminent
danger of death or serious bodily harm with respect to a
claim of self-defense.

Stonehouse, 555 A.2d at 781.

The evidence presented at trial in Stonehouse established the

decedent’s physical and psychological abuse towards the defendant lasted

three years. Id. at 774-781. The Pennsylvania Supreme Court described

the abuse: “The events culminating in [the decedent’s] death are so bizarre

that one would be tempted to dismiss them as the stuff of pulp fiction were

it not for the corroboration of disinterested witnesses and for the fact that

literature on the ‘battered women syndrome’ is replete with similar cases.”

Id. at 774. Immediately prior to the killing, the decedent pointed a gun at

the defendant’s face, telling her that she was going to die. Id. at 779. He

kicked her continuously and beat her with the gun on her head and neck,

while she pleaded with him not to kill her. Id. The decedent left, and

knowing that he would return, the defendant went outside to the back porch.

Id. at 780. The decedent returned and aimed the gun at her, she heard

shots, and then she fired a gun at him twice, resulting in his death. Id. The

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Supreme Court held that trial counsel was ineffective because where there is

“evidence of a series of related events which tend to establish adequate

provocation, the trial court must give the McCusker instruction.” Id. at 782

(citation omitted).

In Commonwealth v. Potts, 406 A.2d 1007 (Pa. 1979), the

Pennsylvania Supreme Court opined:

[The a]ppellant contends that trial counsel was ineffective
in failing to present available psychiatric and psychological
testimony which would have been highly relevant in
determining whether appellant acted with malice, thus
committing murder or acted in the heat of passion,
committing voluntary manslaughter. Commonwealth v.
McCusker, [ ] 292 A.2d 296 ([Pa.] 1972). Since the sole
issue at trial was the appellant’s state of mind at the time
of the shooting, we conclude that trial counsel’s failure to
present the available psychiatric and psychological
testimony had no reasonable basis designed to effectuate
his client’s interest.

Between appellant’s arrest and his trial, he was examined
by a psychiatrist and a psychologist. Trial counsel had two
relevant reports concerning appellant’s state of mind.

Potts, 406 A.2d at 1008 (some citations omitted and emphasis added).

Where a claim is made of counsel’s ineffectiveness for
failing to call witnesses, it is the appellant’s burden to
show that the witness existed and was available; counsel
was aware of, or had a duty to know of the witness; the
witness was willing and able to appear; and the proposed
testimony was necessary in order to avoid prejudice to the
appellant.

Chmiel, 30 A.3d at 1143 (quotation marks and citation omitted).

In the case at bar, the PCRA court opined that Appellant

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correctly asserts that [McCusker] provides the test for
determining legal provocation; however, the facts of
[Appellant’s] case fall short of the test, hence, this claim is
without merit.

* * *

[Appellant] claims that two events led to the killings: a
prior physical altercation with Jennings, and a shooting
involving [Appellant’s] sister. In the prior incident
between [Appellant] and Jennings, [Appellant] and
Jennings got into a closed-fist physical altercation within
the vestibule of Crane’s home. Following the fight,
Jennings walked across the street to his home, retrieved a
shotgun and crossed the street towards [Appellant],
stating that he was going to shoot [Appellant]. Crane
stepped in front of Jennings and calmed him before
Jennings was able to act on his statements. The second
incident, for which [Appellant] was not present, involved a
verbal altercation between Jennings and [Appellant’s]
sister outside her home, and resulted in Jennings firing a
shotgun at the car of [Appellant’s] friend.

Despite [Appellant’s] citing to this history as
provocation, in the moments immediately preceding the
shooting, [Appellant], when asked about his state of mind
by a witness, simply responded, “I’m cool.” Another
witness also testified at trial that the occurrence of
berating by Jennings was nothing out of the ordinary.
These responses do not reflect that his mind was at all
‘incapable of cool reflection.’ Witness testimony also
shows that, prior to the shooting, there was a period of
approximately five minutes where Jennings had ceased his
yelling at [Appellant]. Based on the facts presented,
[Appellant] did not act in the heat of passion when he
committed the homicide; the prior cited incidents are
insufficient to be deemed adequate provocation, and the
five minutes of “quiet” was sufficient ‘cooling time’ to
enable [Appellant] time to reflect and reason. [Appellant]
again demonstrated that his mind was “cool” when he

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inquired about Yim Chhat’s[9] disposition before entering
the living room to retrieve the gun,[10] moments prior to
him walking down the stairs of Crane’s home, exiting
through the front door and shooting Jennings and Johnson.

In McCusker, the events which preceded the Court’s
holding that psychiatric evidence was admissible showed
that [the defendant] had a history of mental disorders.
[the defendant’s] mental state, coupled with his recently
learning that he wife had an affair with his step-brother
and was possibly with child, and had threatened to take
custody of their only child, were what led the court to allow
expert testimony. [Appellant] had no history of mental
illness, and the culmination of events that lead to
[Appellant] shooting Jennings and Johnson does not meet
this standard. . . .

[Appellant] additionally claims that counsel was
ineffective for failing to present psychiatric expert
testimony to describe “one’s mind state while in fear and
in a state of panic.” [Appellant] cites to Commonwealth
v. Stonehouse[, 555 A.2d 772 (Pa. 1989)] as support for
this claim, stating that the need for expert testimony in
Stonehouse sets the standard for a need for expert
testimony in the case at bar. However, the standard set in
Stonehouse and the facts therein differ vastly from
[Appellant’s] case. . . .

The issues in Stonehouse surrounded the entrance of
a battered woman syndrome defense on the basis of the
cumulative effects of psychological and physical abuse in
determining the “reasonableness of a battered person’s
fear of imminent danger of death or serious bodily harm. .
. .” Stonehouse, 555 A.2d at 774. The facts in
Stonehouse detailed abuse rendered by the [defendant’s]
boyfriend that was ongoing for a period of three years.

9
Yim Chhat was Crane’s girlfriend. N.T., 1/13/10, at 134. Prior to the
shooting, she was upstairs in Crane’s house and Appellant had asked her if
she was dressed. Id. at 139.
10
Chhat testified the shotgun “was next to the doorway of the kitchen and
the living room, laying up against the wall.” Id. at 140.

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The abuse consisted of property damage, including stealing
her vehicle on numerous occasions, breaking into her
home and destroying its interior, stalking, threats of harm
to [her] life, safety and friends, and several instances of
both verbal and physical attacks on the [defendant].

* * *

In the case at bar, the circumstances surrounding
[Appellant’s] killing of two individuals did not warrant a
need for such expert testimony. [Appellant] cited to only
one prior instance between him and the victim which
preceded the killings; another incident did not involve him
and he was not privy to it until days later. As testimony
reflects, on the day of the incident, there was a period of
calm prior to [Appellant] stepping outside and shooting the
victims. . . .

PCRA Ct. Op., 7/31/15, at 15-19 (footnotes omitted). We agree no relief is

due.

At the time of trial, Appellant testified to the following. On the date of

the incident he was going to visit Albert Crane. N.T., 1/19/10, at 10. He

knew Crane and Troy Jennings all of his life. Id.

[Defense counsel]: What happened that morning?

[Appellant]: Well, I was walking up the street.

Q: What street?

A: Up St. Bernard Street to visit Albert at his house at 36,
and I see Troy coming out his house. And he─he was
grittin’ on me and I gritted back.

Q: What do you mean by grittin’ . . . ?

A: . . . he was looking at me, staring at me aggressively.
And he asked me what the f*** was I looking at and didn’t
he tell me not to come around the block anymore; that if I
came back around, he was going to shoot me. . . .

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* * *

Q: . . . Is this just yelling back and forth, or what
happened?

A: . . . I tried to avoid the situation. I told him, like, I
didn’t want any problems, you know. And he just kept
speed─he just started speed-walkin’ across the street as in
trying to─as in like he was going to do something to me.

Q: What did you do?

A: I tried─I went into the house. I had a key to Albert’s
house, and I went into the front door. And I just closed
the door and locked the door. . . . And I turned around
and Albert is . . . coming out his apartment door inside the
vestibule . . . .

* * *

He came down the stairs, and he asked me what was
going on.

I told Albert Troy was starting his shit again like last time
when he pulled the gun out on me months prior to that
day.

Q: When did that happen?

A: It was about two months─two months ago, two or three
months before the incident that day.

Q: And what happened that day?

A: That day me and Troy had a fight inside of Albert’s
vestibule.

* * *

Q: [H]ow did it end?

A: . . . Albert, he broke the fight up.

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Q: Okay.

A: And Troy went outside across the street to his house at
29 North St. Bernard Street. He comes back out his house
and across─back across the street towards Albert [sic]
house with a shotgun in his─in his─in his hands.

* * *

He─he’s walking towards me, but Albert jumped in front of
him. Albert asked him what the fuck was he doing. . . .
Troy . . . said that I was─I’m going to air this pussy out.

So Albert says, [t]here’s kids out here, and you need to
cool out. So he─he calmed down and he told me the next
time that I come around here, I come around the block,
that I will be shot. And he walks back across the street.

Q: When you say he had a problem with your sister, did
your sister have an incident with him?

A: Yes.

Q: When was that?

A: It was─it was over the years since about 2005. . . .

* * *

My sister, she lives at─she was living at 23 North St.
Bernard Street. Every time she had friends come over,
Troy would just harass her.

* * *

Q: What happened?

A: What happened in 2005, my sister’s─my sister’s friend
Mychele, she─her boyfriend stops in front of my sister’s
house and they shoot─and Troy shoots her─his car up. He
shot─he shot the guy’s car up.

Q: Now, just so we’re clear, were you present when
that took place?

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A: No.

* * *

Q: . . . Now, the day of this shooting in January of 2008, I
believe you said you went in the house?

A: Yes.

Q: . . . What happened after that, after you locked the
door?

A: After I locked the door, I turned around and see Albert
coming out his apartment door. He asked me, “What’s
going on?”

I told him that Troy’s starting his shit again like the last
time when he pulled his shotgun out on me months prior
to the incident.

* * *

Albert went downstairs─

Q: . . . Albert.

A:─towards the door, and I went upstairs into the
apartment. And I asked Yim was she dressed, Albert’s
girlfriend, and I grabbed the gun.

Q: Where was it?

A: It was in the living room. So I grabbed the gun from
the living room where Yim was sleeping at. And I sit on
the─at the top of the steps, at the top of the stairway.

So now I just hear Albert say it ain’t─tells Troy it ain’t
worth it.

Troy said, “I don’t give a f***. If he [sic] not going to
come out, I’m going to come in there.”

So now I’m definitely scared now.

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* * *

So I go downstairs with the gun and I come outside. I see
Troy coming up─coming up the porch steps and Albert is
trying to stop him, and I just came out the─the door. I
just started shootin’. I-

Q: Where did you shoot from?

A: I walked out the door and I took two steps on the porch
and I ─and I just shot. I just started shootin’.

Q: Who were you shootin’ at?

A: I was shooting at Troy, and I didn’t see anything else. I
just─I just─I just saw Troy. And after I stopped shooting,
I see that “Smurf”[11] was hit. . . .

N.T., 1/19/10, at 11-17, 20-23 (emphases added).

On cross-examination, Appellant testified as follows.

[The Commonwealth]: . . . Did you see a gun in Troy’s
hands that day that he died?

A: No.

Q: Did you see a knife or a bat or a stick or a weapon of
any kind in Troy Jenning’s hand before you shot?

A: No.

* * *

Q: . . . [D]id you see a gun at all . . . .

A: No.

Q: ─in the hands of Marcellus Johnson?

11
Marcellus Johnson.

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A: No.

Q: A bat?

A: No.

Q: A gun?

A: No.

Q: A stick?

A: No.

Id. at 27-28.

At trial, the Commonwealth asked Crane to tell the jury what

happened on the date of the incident:

A: . . . I was woken up by an argument between
[Appellant] and Troy. I─when I came down the steps,
[Appellant] was already in my hallway. You had two doors
to get to my house, so he was already in the hallway. I
came down, opened the door. I─I asked him to cool
down; I’ll go outside and cool Troy out.

I went outside. I was there for a second. Marcellus,
“Smurf,” was pulling up. He─asked me for a cigarette, so I
ran back in to get the keys to the car.

* * *

Q: . . . And when you say you told [Appellant] or you
asked [Appellant] to cool down and then you would go
outside and tell Troy to cool down─

A: Correct.

Q: ─from your perspective, was [Appellant] also in need of
cooling down?

A: . . . [N]ot really.

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J-S23034-16

* * *

So [Appellant] sat down on my steps about 12 steps up
into the living room, so he sat there. I came up, got the
keys, came back out, got “Smurf” the cigarette. We
laughed. We joked.

You know, Troy was a little verbal at times, you know, and
we laughed. We joked. And then moments later, maybe
five minutes passed, [Appellant] comes out with the
shotgun and shot “Smurf” and Troy.

* * *

[Defense counsel]: Now, you wake up because you hear
this argument?

A: Correct.

Q: What do you do?

A: . . . I went down stairs. I told [Appellant] to calm
down. I’m going to go outside and calm Troy down. I
calmed him down. I got . . . ”Smurf” the cigarette.
Everything was fine. And that’s when the shots went off.

* * *

Q: [Appellant] said, “Troy’s acting the fool again,” or
something, words to that effect─

A: Correct.

Q: . . . At that point in time you said [Appellant’s] calm;
right?

A: Yeah.

* * *

Q: . . . So everything was dead calm when the shooting
took place; is that what you’re saying?

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J-S23034-16

A: Yeah. . . . “Smurf” was smoking a cigarette. Troy was
standing there. We were all talking; correct.

N.T., 1/13/10, at 93-94, 111-13, 121.

Charles Partlow testified to the following. On the day of the incident

he was doing laundry at his grandmother’s house located at 40 North St.

Bernard Street. Id. at 43. He heard arguing between Appellant and Troy.

Id. at 44. He came out to see what was going on. Id. Troy was saying

“Come on out. Let’s fight.” Id. Appellant was standing in the vestibule in

36 North St. Bernard behind the door. Id. at 44-45. He asked Appellant if

he was alright. Id. at 45. He said “You cool” and Appellant said “Yeah.”

Id. Crane and Troy were talking and then Troy was yelling at Appellant

through the door. Id. at 46. He was not looking at the doorway at the time

he heard the two shots. Id.

First, Appellant contends PCRA counsel was ineffective for failing to

argue that trial counsel was ineffective for failing to request a McCusker

charge, relying upon Stonehouse. Appellant’s Brief at 3.

In the case at bar, there was no evidence of a series of related events

to establish adequate provocation for the two shootings. Appellant testified

that Troy had a problem with his sister in 2005. He was not present when

the incident took place. He testified that months before the shooting, Troy

had “pulled his shotgun out” on him. Crane testified that Appellant was calm

before the shootings took place. Before the killings, Appellant had a cooling

off period. Based on the facts presented at trial, Appellant did not establish

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that the killings resulted from a series of recent and related events that led

to sudden and intense passion. See Stonehouse, 555 A.2d at 782;

McCusker, 292 A.2d at 290. Having found no merit in this claim, trial

counsel was not ineffective for failing to request a McCusker charge. See

Treiber, 121 A.3d at 445; Chimel, 30 A.3d at 1127-28. Therefore, PCRA

counsel was not ineffective for failing to raise trial counsel’s ineffectiveness.

See Rykard, 55 A.3d at 1190.

Appellant’s claim that PCRA counsel was ineffective for failing to argue

that trial counsel was ineffective for failing to present psychiatric expert

testimony to explain that Appellant’s provocation was “translatable as a form

of post-traumatic stress” is meritless. Appellant did not show that a

psychiatric expert witness existed and was available, that counsel was aware

of the witness, and the witness was able to appear and was necessary to

avoid prejudice. See Chmiel, 30 A.3d at 1143; Potts, 406 A.2d at 1008.

Thus, trial counsel was not ineffective for failing to present an expert

psychiatric witness. See Chimel, 30 A.3d at 1127-28. Therefore, PCRA

counsel cannot be deemed ineffective and Appellant’s claim is without merit.

See Rykard, 55 A.3d at 1190.

We address Appellants last two claims as they are interrelated.

Appellant contends the PCRA court failed to consider the merits of his

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arguments because its analysis was identical to that of PCRA counsel.12

Appellant’s Brief at 7. He asserts that “[t]he PCRA court’s wholesale

adoption of every point made by PCRA counsel is in violation of

Commonwealth v. Willliams. . . .”

In Williams,

[t]he PCRA court . . . issued a three-page opinion restating
the procedural history of the case and, without further
explanation, stating as follows:

We are unusually impressed and satisfied that the
arguments advanced by the Commonwealth, in its
brief in support of its Motion to Dismiss, accurately
set forth the facts and the law that govern this case.

Therefore, in the interest of judicial economy and
rather than needlessly expend precious judicial time
that can be better spent on other pending matters,
this Court hereby adopts the Brief submitted by the
District Attorney and makes same a part hereof.

Williams, 732 A.2d at 1173 (emphasis added). The Williams Court

opined: “We cannot, however, in this post-conviction case involving a review

of the propriety of a death sentence, condone the wholesale adoption by the

post-conviction court of an advocate’s brief.” Id. at 1176.

12
We note that “[w]e may affirm the trial court on any ground.”
Commonwealth v. Lynch, 820 A.2d 728, 730 n.3 (Pa. Super. 2003)

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In the case sub judice, the PCRA court did not adopt PCRA counsel’s

Turner/Finley no merits letter as its own opinion. See Notice Pursuant to

Pennsylvania Rule of Criminal Procedure 907, 2/10/15, at 1-17. Appellant’s

reliance on Williams is unavailing.

According, we affirm the PCRA court’s order dismissing Appellant’s

PCRA petition.

Order affirmed.

Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary

Date: 5/27/2016

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