J-S30008-16
NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
PENNSYLVANIA
Appellee
v.
JOSEPH BENTON
Appellant No. 1875 EDA 2015
Appeal from the PCRA Order June 4, 2015
In the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County
Criminal Division at No(s): CP-51-CR-0307971-2005
BEFORE: GANTMAN, P.J., FORD ELLIOTT, P.J.E., and JENKINS, J.
MEMORANDUM BY GANTMAN, P.J.: FILED JUNE 01, 2016
Appellant, Joseph Benton, appeals from the order entered in the
Philadelphia County Court of Common Pleas, which denied his first petition
brought pursuant to the Post Conviction Relief Act (“PCRA”).1 We affirm.
The relevant facts and procedural history of this case are as follows.
On February 8, 2006, the court convicted Appellant of third-degree murder,
possessing instruments of crime (“PIC”), firearms not to be carried without a
license, carrying firearms on public streets or public property in Philadelphia,
and persons not to possess firearms. Appellant’s convictions stemmed from
an incident on January 29, 2005, during which Appellant shot a hotel clerk
after the clerk purportedly made a homosexual advance to Appellant. The
____________________________________________
1
42 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 9541-9546.
J-S30008-16
court sentenced Appellant on March 14, 2006, to 17½-35 years’
imprisonment for the murder conviction, a concurrent 2½-5 years’
imprisonment for the PIC conviction, and a concurrent 3-6 years’
imprisonment for the firearms not to be carried without a license conviction.
The court imposed no further penalty for the other convictions. Appellant
did not file post-sentence motions, but he timely filed a direct appeal.
On June 25, 2007, this Court affirmed the judgment of sentence,
concluding Appellant waived the sole issue presented on appeal concerning
the sufficiency of the evidence to sustain his third-degree murder conviction,
where Appellant failed to raise that issue in a timely filed concise statement
of errors complained of on appeal pursuant to Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b). 2 Our
Supreme Court denied allowance of appeal on December 4, 2007. See
Commonwealth v. Benton, 931 A.2d 40 (Pa.Super. 2007), appeal denied,
594 Pa. 709, 937 A.2d 442 (2007).
On July 16, 2008, Appellant timely filed a pro se PCRA petition. The
court appointed counsel on January 12, 2009, who filed an amended petition
on January 23, 2009, requesting reinstatement of Appellant’s direct appeal
rights nunc pro tunc. Appellant did not request reinstatement of his post-
sentence motion rights nunc pro tunc. Appellant claimed reinstatement of
his direct appeal rights nunc pro tunc was warranted, where appellate
____________________________________________
2
Appellate counsel filed an untimely supplemental Rule 1925(b) statement,
without leave of court, raising the sufficiency challenge.
-2-
J-S30008-16
counsel’s failure to preserve the sufficiency challenge resulted in waiver of
the sole claim presented on appeal, effectively denying Appellant appellate
review. On June 19, 2009, with the agreement of all parties, the PCRA court
reinstated Appellant’s direct appeal rights nunc pro tunc. Following a timely
nunc pro tunc direct appeal, this Court affirmed the judgment of sentence on
May 18, 2010. This Court addressed the merits of both issues presented on
appeal, challenging the denial of Appellant’s pre-trial suppression motion and
the sufficiency of the evidence to sustain his third-degree murder conviction.
Our Supreme Court denied allowance of appeal on November 16, 2010. See
Commonwealth v. Benton, 4 A.3d 196 (Pa.Super. 2010), appeal denied,
608 Pa. 652, 12 A.3d 750 (2010).
On October 31, 2011, Appellant timely filed the current pro se PCRA
petition. The court appointed counsel, who filed an amended PCRA petition
on July 27, 2014, seeking reinstatement of Appellant’s post-sentence and
direct appeal rights nunc pro tunc based on trial counsel’s failure to file post-
sentence motions preserving a challenge to the discretionary aspects of
sentencing. The court held a PCRA hearing on June 4, 2015, after which the
court denied PCRA relief. Appellant timely filed a notice of appeal on June
22, 2015. On July 6, 2015, the court ordered Appellant to file a Rule
1925(b) statement; Appellant timely complied on July 14, 2015.
Appellant raises one issue for our review:
WHETHER THE COURT ERRED IN DENYING APPELLANT’S
PCRA PETITION WHERE APPELLANT WANTED HIS
-3-
J-S30008-16
ATTORNEY TO FILE POST SENTENCE MOTIONS AND AN
APPEAL FROM HIS CONVICTION WHERE COUNSEL
MISINFORMED [APPELLANT] ABOUT HIS RIGHT TO FILE A
POST SENTENCE MOTION AND HIS APPELLATE RIGHTS
AND THE ISSUES THAT HE COULD APPEAL?
FURTHERMORE, WHETHER APPELLANT SUFFERED
PREJUDICE FROM THIS WAIVER BECAUSE HE WAS
UNABLE TO CHALLENGE HIS SENTENCE OR THE WEIGHT
OF THE EVIDENCE WHICH WERE TWO ISSUES THAT HAD
MERIT.
(Appellant’s Brief at 5).
Our standard of review of the denial of a PCRA petition is limited to
examining whether the record evidence supports the court’s determination
and whether the court’s decision is free of legal error. Commonwealth v.
Ford, 947 A.2d 1251 (Pa.Super. 2008), appeal denied, 598 Pa. 779, 959
A.2d 319 (2008). This Court grants great deference to the findings of the
PCRA court if the record contains any support for those findings.
Commonwealth v. Carr, 768 A.2d 1164 (Pa.Super. 2001). If the record
supports a post-conviction court’s credibility determination, it is binding on
the appellate court. Commonwealth v. Dennis, 609 Pa. 442, 17 A.3d 297
(2011).
Appellant argues the trial court imposed an excessive sentence without
considering Appellant’s background, social history, relative lack of criminal
history, and other mitigating evidence such as Appellant’s substance abuse
issues. Appellant asserts the trial court failed to outline the reasons on the
record for imposing such a lengthy sentence. Appellant contends he wanted
to challenge the discretionary aspects of sentencing and trial counsel had no
-4-
J-S30008-16
rational basis for failing to raise that claim in a timely filed post-sentence
motion. Appellant insists trial counsel’s failure to file post-sentence motions
deprived Appellant of the opportunity to secure a reduced sentence and to
present a sentencing challenge on direct appeal. Appellant concludes trial
counsel rendered ineffective assistance, and this Court must vacate the
PCRA court’s decision and remand for reinstatement of Appellant’s post-
sentence motion rights nunc pro tunc or a new sentencing hearing.3 We
disagree.
“[A]n accused who is deprived entirely of his right of direct appeal by
counsel’s failure to perfect an appeal is per se without the effective
assistance of counsel, and is entitled to reinstatement of his direct appellate
rights.” Commonwealth v. Grosella, 902 A.2d 1290, 1293 (Pa.Super.
2006) (quoting Commonwealth v. Johnson, 889 A.2d 620, 622 (Pa.Super.
2005)). Importantly, there are very few circumstances where counsel’s
____________________________________________
3
Appellant maintains trial counsel was also ineffective for failing to file post-
sentence motions preserving a challenge to the weight of the evidence.
Appellant’s entire two-sentence argument concerning this claim is as follows:
“Furthermore, Appellant wanted to challenge the weight of the evidence on
appeal. He disagreed with the trial court’s acceptance of evidence and was
clear that he wanted an appellate court to review the court’s finding.”
(Appellant’s Brief at 11) (internal citation omitted). Notwithstanding this
statement, Appellant presents no argument on how the verdict was against
the weight of the evidence in this case. Consequently, Appellant’s averment
regarding the weight of the evidence is waived for lack of development on
appeal. See Commonwealth v. Perez, 625 Pa. 601, 93 A.3d 829 (2014),
cert. denied, ___ U.S. ___, 135 S.Ct. 480, 190 L.Ed.2d 364 (2014) (holding
claims which fail to contain developed argument or citation to supporting
authorities and certified record are waived on appeal).
-5-
J-S30008-16
conduct warrants a presumption of prejudice and the reinstatement of a
petitioner’s direct appeal rights nunc pro tunc. Commonwealth v. Reed,
601 Pa. 257, 272, 971 A.2d 1216, 1225 (2009). These circumstances
include: (1) where counsel failed to file a requested direct appeal; (2) where
counsel failed to file a concise statement of errors claimed of on appeal; or
(3) where counsel failed to file a requested petition for allowance of appeal.
Id. at 272-73, 971 A.2d at 1225. “In those extreme circumstances, where
counsel has effectively abandoned his…client and cannot possibly be acting
in the client’s best interests, our Supreme Court has held that the risk
should fall on counsel, and not the client.” Commonwealth v. West, 883
A.2d 654, 658 (Pa.Super. 2005).
On the other hand, “the reinstatement of direct appeal rights is not the
proper remedy when appellate counsel perfected a direct appeal but simply
failed to raise certain claims.” Grosella, supra at 1293. Significantly:
Where a petitioner was not entirely denied his right to a
direct appeal and only some of the issues the petitioner
wished to pursue were waived, the reinstatement of the
petitioner’s direct appeal rights is not a proper remedy. In
such circumstances, the [petitioner] must proceed under
the auspices of the PCRA, and the PCRA court should apply
the traditional three-prong test for determining whether
appellate counsel was ineffective.
Id. at 1293-94 (emphasis in original) (internal citations and footnotes
omitted). See also Commonwealth v. Reaves, 592 Pa. 134, 923 A.2d
1119 (2007) (holding counsel’s failure to preserve challenge to court’s
sentencing discretion by objecting at sentencing or filing post-sentence
-6-
J-S30008-16
motion did not entirely foreclose appellate review of defendant’s potential
issues for direct appeal; rather, counsel’s inaction waived only those claims
subject to issue preservation requirements; appellate counsel perfected
direct appeal for defendant, and Superior Court addressed merits of one of
defendant’s claims but waived excessive sentence claim for failure to
preserve it at sentencing or in post-sentence motion; thus, counsel’s lapse
did not deprive defendant of his right to appellate review; at most, counsel
narrowed ambit of issues for direct appeal; consequently, defendant must
satisfy traditional three-prong ineffectiveness test).
Under the traditional analysis, to prevail on a claim of ineffective
assistance of counsel, a petitioner must show, by a preponderance of the
evidence, ineffective assistance of counsel which, in the circumstances of the
particular case, so undermined the truth-determining process that no
reliable adjudication of guilt or innocence could have taken place.
Commonwealth v. Turetsky, 925 A.2d 876 (Pa.Super. 2007), appeal
denied, 596 Pa. 707, 940 A.2d 365 (2007). The petitioner must
demonstrate: (1) the underlying claim is of arguable merit; (2) counsel had
no reasonable strategic basis for his action or inaction; and (3) but for the
errors and omissions of counsel, there is a reasonable probability that the
outcome of the proceedings would have been different. Id. “A reasonable
probability is a probability that is sufficient to undermine confidence in the
outcome of the proceeding.” Commonwealth v. Spotz, 624 Pa. 4, 34, 84
-7-
J-S30008-16
A.3d 294, 312 (2014) (quoting Commonwealth v. Ali, 608 Pa. 71, 86-87,
10 A.3d 282, 291 (2010)). “The petitioner bears the burden of proving all
three prongs of the test.” Turetsky, supra at 880 (quoting
Commonwealth v. Johnson, 868 A.2d 1278, 1281 (Pa.Super. 2005),
appeal denied, 583 Pa. 680, 877 A.2d 460 (2005)). “Where it is clear that a
petitioner has failed to meet any of the three, distinct prongs of the…test,
the claim may be disposed of on that basis alone, without a determination of
whether the other two prongs have been met.” Commonwealth v. Steele,
599 Pa. 341, 360, 961 A.2d 786, 797 (2008).
Instantly, appellate counsel initially filed a direct appeal on Appellant’s
behalf challenging the sufficiency of the evidence to sustain Appellant’s
third-degree murder conviction. On June 25, 2007, this Court affirmed the
judgment of sentence, based on waiver, where Appellant failed to raise that
issue in a timely filed Rule 1925(b) statement. On July 16, 2008 and
January 23, 2009, respectively, Appellant timely filed a pro se PCRA petition
and a counseled amended PCRA petition, requesting reinstatement of his
direct appeal rights nunc pro tunc. Notably, Appellant failed to raise trial
counsel’s ineffectiveness for failing to file post-sentence motions in either of
those petitions. Appellant’s failure to raise the current claim in his original
PCRA and amended PCRA petitions arguably constitutes waiver of his issue
on appeal. See 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9543(a)(3) (stating to be eligible for PCRA
relief, petitioner must plead and prove by preponderance of evidence that
-8-
J-S30008-16
allegation of error has not been waived); 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9544(b) (explaining
issue is waived for purposes of PCRA if petitioner could have raised it but
failed to do so before trial, at trial, during unitary review, on appeal, or in
prior state post-conviction proceeding).
In any event, following restoration of his direct appeal rights, Appellant
filed and litigated a direct appeal nunc pro tunc challenging the sufficiency of
the evidence to sustain his third-degree murder conviction and the denial of
his pre-trial suppression motion. This Court addressed both issues on the
merits and affirmed the judgment of sentence on May 18, 2010. Thus, trial
counsel’s failure to file post-sentence motions did not completely foreclose
appellate review but simply “narrowed its ambit,” precluding Appellant from
challenging in his direct appeal nunc pro tunc only the discretionary aspects
of sentencing and weight of the evidence, which are subject to issue
preservation requirements. See Commonwealth v. Griffin, 65 A.3d 932
(Pa.Super. 2013), appeal denied, 621 Pa. 682, 76 A.3d 538 (2013)
(explaining challenges to discretionary aspects of sentencing and weight of
evidence are waived if they are not raised in post-sentence motion or by
other appropriate manner before trial court). See also Reaves, supra;
Grosella, supra (distinguishing between cases where counsel’s failure
extinguished defendant’s right to direct appeal and cases where counsel
might have waived or abandoned some but not all issues on direct appeal).
Given the pursuit and resolution of a direct appeal nunc pro tunc in
-9-
J-S30008-16
Appellant’s case, he would not be entitled to reinstatement of his post-
sentence motion and/or direct appeal rights nunc pro tunc at this juncture.
See id.
The PCRA court properly considered Appellant’s ineffective assistance
of counsel claim by applying the traditional three-prong ineffectiveness test.
See Reaves, supra; Grosella, supra. The PCRA court reasoned:
In the instant case, the court found that [Appellant] met
his burden of establishing that he had advised counsel of
his desire to file post-sentence motions challenging his
sentence. Nevertheless, [Appellant] was not prejudiced by
counsel’s failure to file post-sentence motions.
With regard to the lack of prejudice, the court made it
abundantly clear that it believed [Appellant’s] sentence
appropriate when it was imposed. The court would have
denied any request for reconsideration of sentence if trial
counsel had, in fact, formally filed such a motion. … This
court stated on the record the reasons for its sentence.4
[Appellant] has not met his burden of proof.
4
In addition to [Appellant’s] extensive criminal
record and his inability to be rehabilitated despite
incarceration and supervision, the court considered
the facts of his case. The facts showed that
[Appellant] did not act in self-defense or with a belief
that he was in danger of serious bodily injury when
he killed the victim. He made the conscious decision
to use deadly and totally unnecessary force. He
used a deadly weapon on a vital portion of the
decedent’s body without any lawful justification. In
doing so, [Appellant] acted with the requisite malice
to support his conviction for third-degree murder.
Accordingly, [Appellant] is not entitled to post-conviction
relief. His PCRA petition was properly denied.
(PCRA Court Opinion, filed August 7, 2015, at 4-5) (some internal citations
- 10 -
J-S30008-16
and footnotes omitted). The record supports the court’s analysis. 4 See
Ford, supra.
The PCRA court credited Appellant’s testimony that he asked trial
counsel to file post-sentence motions on his behalf. See Dennis, supra.
Nevertheless, the PCRA court (which also sat as the fact-finder at trial and
sentencing court) found Appellant had failed to demonstrate prejudice. See
Reaves, supra at 153-54, 923 A.2d at 1131 (explaining that for defendant
to prevail on ineffectiveness claim, he must prove he asked counsel to file
post-sentence motion on his behalf, counsel refused his request, counsel
lacked rational basis for such refusal, and there is reasonable probability
that, but for counsel’s error, result of sentencing proceeding would have
been different). See also Spotz, supra; Turetsky, supra. The record
supports the court’s decision that Appellant’s ineffectiveness claim merits no
relief.5 See Ford, supra; Turetsky, supra. Accordingly, we affirm.
Order affirmed.
____________________________________________
4
The record shows the court considered, inter alia, Appellant’s pre-sentence
investigation report, the impact statement from Victim’s sister, impact
testimony from Victim’s brother, Appellant’s apology to Victim’s family,
Appellant’s prior failed attempts at rehabilitation, and Appellant’s social
history and substance abuse issues.
5
The Supreme Court decision in Commonwealth v. Liston, 602 Pa. 10,
977 A.2d 1089 (2009) offers Appellant no relief. The Court’s footnote
commentary on prejudice did not address scenarios in which a defendant
already had the benefit of a direct appeal and “merits” review of one or more
claims. See id. at 19 n.9, 977 A.2d at 1094 n.9. Thus, the prejudice
analysis in Reaves controls the present case. See Reaves, supra.
- 11 -
J-S30008-16
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 6/1/2016
- 12 -
Com v. Benton , J.
Combined Opinion