IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF MISSISSIPPI
NO. 2015-CA-00403-COA
JOHN PATRICK JACKSON A/K/A JOHN APPELLANT
JACKSON A/K/A JOHN P. JACKSON
v.
STATE OF MISSISSIPPI APPELLEE
DATE OF JUDGMENT: 02/11/2015
TRIAL JUDGE: HON. ROBERT B. HELFRICH
COURT FROM WHICH APPEALED: FORREST COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT: WILLIAM L. DUCKER
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLEE: OFFICE OF THE ATTORNEY GENERAL
BY: LISA L. BLOUNT
NATURE OF THE CASE: CIVIL - POSTCONVICTION RELIEF
TRIAL COURT DISPOSITION: MOTION FOR POSTCONVICTION RELIEF
DENIED
DISPOSITION: AFFIRMED - 06/07/2016
MOTION FOR REHEARING FILED:
MANDATE ISSUED:
BEFORE LEE, C.J., CARLTON, FAIR AND JAMES, JJ.
JAMES, J., FOR THE COURT:
¶1. John Patrick Jackson appeals from the circuit court’s denial of his motion for
postconviction relief (PCR). Finding no error, we affirm.
FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY
¶2. On April 1, 2009, in cause number 09-112, Jackson waived indictment and, by
criminal information, pled guilty to the possession of a controlled substance, cocaine, with
intent to distribute in violation of Mississippi Code Annotated section 41-29-139(a) (Supp.
2015), with the charge being enhanced under Mississippi Code Annotated section 41-29-152
(Rev. 2013) for possession of a firearm. The circuit court accepted the prosecution’s
recommendation pursuant to a plea agreement, and sentenced Jackson to forty-five years in
the custody of the Mississippi Department of Corrections (MDOC), with twenty-three years
to serve, twenty-two years suspended, and five years of post-release supervision, with the
sentence to run concurrently with the sentence imposed in separate cause number 09-113.
¶3. On April 1, 2009, in cause number 09-113, Jackson waived indictment and, by
criminal information, pled guilty to the sale of a controlled substance, cocaine, in violation
of section 41-29-139(a). In cause number 09-113, the circuit court accepted the
prosecution’s recommendation pursuant to a plea agreement, and sentenced Jackson to
twenty-three years in the custody of MDOC.
¶4. On March 9, 2012, Jackson (pro se) filed a PCR motion arguing that his guilty plea
was involuntary and that he had received ineffective assistance of counsel. Jackson claimed
that his plea was involuntary because his trial attorney, James K. Dukes, gave him erroneous
information regarding his charges and his parole eligibility. Jackson alleged that Dukes
informed him that if he pled guilty, he would be eligible for parole. However, due to the
firearm enhancement, Jackson was actually ineligible for parole. Jackson claimed that he
would not have pled guilty had he known that he would be ineligible for parole.
¶5. On March 28, 2013, the circuit court summarily dismissed Jackson’s PCR motion
without an evidentiary hearing. Jackson appealed from this order. Jackson v. State, 178 So.
3d 807, 809 (¶7) (Miss. Ct. App. 2014). On appeal, this Court held that Jackson had met the
evidentiary burden required to obtain an evidentiary hearing, and remanded the case to the
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circuit court for an evidentiary hearing. Id. at 812 (¶¶22-23).
¶6. On January 15, 2015, the circuit court held an evidentiary hearing on Jackson’s PCR
motion. Jackson was represented by new counsel. Jackson and his wife testified at the
hearing. Jackson’s trial attorney, Dukes, also testified.
¶7. Jackson testified that prior to entering his guilty plea, Dukes told him that the firearm
enhancement would double his sentence, but that he would be eligible for parole. Jackson’s
wife also testified that immediately prior to the plea hearing, Dukes told Jackson that he
would be eligible for parole. Jackson testified that he first found out he was not eligible for
parole – under Mississippi Code Annotated section 47-7-3 (Rev. 2015) – due to the firearm
enhancement when he was being processed and classified by MDOC. In stark contrast,
Dukes testified that he told Jackson that he would not be eligible for parole. Dukes testified
that he explained to Jackson that at the time of his guilty plea, his sentence would be without
the possibility of parole. Furthermore, Dukes testified that Jackson understood that he would
not be eligible for parole.
¶8. After the circuit court heard testimony, received ten exhibits, and heard arguments of
counsel, it denied Jackson’s PCR motion. The circuit court determined that Jackson’s proof
did not rise to the standard necessary for granting PCR. The circuit court specifically found
that Jackson and his wife lacked credibility. However, the circuit court found Dukes’s
testimony to be credible. On February 17, 2015, the circuit court entered an order denying
Jackson’s PCR motion.
¶9. Jackson appeals raising three issues: (1) whether he was fully informed of the charges
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in the criminal informations filed against him; (2) whether he was informed that his charges
excluded the possibility of parole; and (3) whether he was denied effective assistance of
counsel.
STANDARD OF REVIEW
¶10. The Mississippi Supreme Court has provided the standard of review following an
evidentiary hearing conducted by the circuit court in a PCR case:
When reviewing a [circuit] court's decision to deny a motion for [PCR, the
appellate court] will not disturb the trial court's factual findings unless they are
found to be clearly erroneous. In making that determination, [the appellate
court] must examine the entire record and accept that evidence which supports
or reasonably tends to support the findings of fact made below, together with
all reasonable inferences which may be drawn therefrom and which favor the
[circuit] court's finding of fact. That includes deference to the circuit judge as
the sole authority for determining credibility of the witnesses.
Goodin v. State, 102 So. 3d 1102, 1111 (¶30) (Miss. 2012) (internal citations and quotations
omitted).
¶11. However, questions of law are reviewed de novo. Id. At the evidentiary hearing, the
PCR movant has the burden of “prov[ing] by a preponderance of the evidence that he is
entitled to the relief.” Id. (quoting Miss. Code Ann. § 99-39-23(7) (Rev. 2015)).
DISCUSSION
I. Whether Jackson was fully informed of the charges in the criminal
informations filed against him.
¶12. Jackson argues that he was not fully informed of the charges in the criminal
informations filed against him. Jackson claims that each criminal information was
insufficient because the amount of cocaine was not specified.
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¶13. On April 1, 2009, Jackson filed a sworn petition to enter a guilty plea in both cause
numbers pursuant to a plea agreement reached with the prosecution. In cause number 09-
112, Jackson pled guilty to possession of a controlled substance, cocaine, with intent to
distribute, with the firearm enhancement. Although the amount of cocaine was not listed in
the criminal information, there is no requirement that the quantity of cocaine be listed. See
Hawthorne v. State, 174 So. 3d 306, 308 (¶7) (Miss. Ct. App. 2015) (holding that while there
was no quantity of cocaine listed in the indictment charging the defendant with possession
of a controlled substance with intent to distribute, there is no requirement that it be listed).
¶14. In cause number 09-113, Jackson pled guilty to the sale of a controlled substance,
cocaine. “[A]n indictment is not defective for failing to list a quantity of cocaine in the
context of a sale of cocaine charge. In fact, Mississippi law is clear that a quantity or amount
of cocaine is not required to be listed in the indictment for a charge of sale of cocaine.” Id.
at (¶6). Accordingly, we find that the criminal informations were not fatally defective.
¶15. Jackson also claims he was sentenced for drug trafficking under section 41-29-139(g).
Presumably, Jackson argues that he was sentenced under this subsection because any
sentence imposed thereunder provides that the defendant shall not be eligible for probation
or parole. See Miss. Code Ann. § 41-29-139(g).
¶16. Jackson is mistaken. He was not charged, convicted, or sentenced for drug trafficking
under section 41-29-139(g). Jackson is not eligible for parole because he pled guilty to
possession of a controlled substance, cocaine, with intent to distribute in violation of section
41-29-139(a), with a firearm enhancement under section 41-29-152. “Mississippi Code
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Annotated section 47-7-3(1)(f) [(Rev. 2015)] prohibits prisoners convicted of a felony with
enhanced penalties from receiving parole.” Lackaye v. State, 166 So. 3d 560, 562 (¶6) (Miss.
Ct. App. 2015). Jackson’s argument is without merit.
II. Whether Jackson was informed that his charges excluded the
possibility of parole.
¶17. Jackson argues that he was erroneously informed by his trial attorney that he would
be eligible for parole. On remand, the circuit court conducted an evidentiary hearing on this
very issue.
¶18. At the evidentiary hearing, Dukes gave the following detailed testimony regarding his
discussions with Jackson:
Q: And while you were explaining the terms of this [plea] agreement, did
you have an opportunity to discuss the possibility of parole with him?
A: That was asked by him, and it was explained very specifically that he
would not have the opportunity for parole, that he would be serving 23,
I think it was, years of his sentence, and that under the law as it was
presently written, he would not be eligible. He was advised that the
legislature could conceivabl[y] change the law or that [MDOC] could
change its regulations, but I had no way of knowing that nor did he. So
at the time he pled, it was without the possibility of parole.
....
Q: And each time you told him that he would not be eligible for parole as
the law stood at that time; is that correct?
A: I not only told him that, but he understood that but was relieved to
know that it would eliminate any charges from Lamar County or the
federal government.
¶19. The circuit court found Dukes’s testimony given at the evidentiary hearing to be
credible. The circuit court found that Dukes had informed Jackson that by entering his guilty
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plea he would not be eligible for parole. Although Jackson and his wife testified that Dukes
told him that he would be eligible for parole, the circuit court found that he and his wife
lacked credibility. “[T]he [circuit] judge, sitting as the trier of fact, is tasked with resolving
all credibility issues that arise in a PCR hearing.” Sharp v. State, 152 So. 3d 1212, 1214
(¶10) (Miss. Ct. App. 2014). After reviewing the record, we find that the circuit court’s
assessments of credibility as the trier of fact were not clearly erroneous.
III. Whether Jackson was denied effective assistance of counsel.
¶20. Jackson argues that he received ineffective assistance of counsel because his attorney
did not fully inform him of the charges against him, and that his attorney erroneously
informed him that he would be eligible for parole. Because we find that Jackson’s first two
assignments of error are without merit, it follows that his ineffective-assistance-of-counsel
claim must also fail.
¶21. THE JUDGMENT OF THE CIRCUIT COURT OF FORREST COUNTY
DENYING THE MOTION FOR POSTCONVICTION RELIEF IS AFFIRMED. ALL
COSTS OF THIS APPEAL ARE ASSESSED TO THE APPELLANT.
LEE, C.J., IRVING AND GRIFFIS, P.JJ., BARNES, ISHEE, CARLTON, FAIR,
WILSON AND GREENLEE, JJ., CONCUR.
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