2016 IL App (3d) 140455
Opinion filed June 7, 2016
____________________________________________________________________________
IN THE
APPELLATE COURT OF ILLINOIS
THIRD DISTRICT
2016
THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF ) Appeal from the Circuit Court
ILLINOIS, ) of the 12th Judicial Circuit,
) Will County, Illinois,
Plaintiff-Appellee, )
) Appeal No. 3-14-0455
v. ) Circuit No. 11-CF-906
)
JOSEPH W. GROSZEK, ) Honorable
) Edward A. Burmila, Jr.,
Defendant-Appellant. ) Judge, Presiding.
____________________________________________________________________________
JUSTICE HOLDRIDGE delivered the judgment of the court, with opinion.
Justices Carter and Wright concurred in the judgment and opinion.
____________________________________________________________________________
OPINION
¶1 The defendant, Joseph W. Groszek, appeals from the second-stage dismissal of his
postconviction petition. On appeal, the defendant argues that reversal is warranted because
postconviction counsel provided unreasonable assistance.
¶2 FACTS
¶3 The defendant was charged by indictment with three counts of predatory criminal sexual
assault of a child (720 ILCS 5/12-14.1(a)(1) (West 2010)); two counts of criminal sexual assault
(720 ILCS 5/12-13(a)(3) (West 2010)); and six counts of aggravated criminal sexual abuse (720
ILCS 5/12-16(b) (West 2010)).
¶4 On December 30, 2011, the defendant appeared for a plea hearing. At the time, the
defendant was represented by private counsel. During the hearing, the defendant agreed to plead
guilty to three counts of predatory criminal sexual assault of a child in exchange for the State's
agreement to nolle prosequi the remaining counts. During the State's presentation of the
agreement, the court advised the State that, in an exercise of its statutory discretion, it would
impose a five-year term of mandatory supervised release. The State recommended that the
defendant be sentenced to 10 years' imprisonment on count I and 6 years' imprisonment on
counts II and III. The terms were to run consecutively. The court accepted the defendant's plea
and entered the recommended sentences.
¶5 On August 21, 2012, the defendant filed a pro se postconviction petition. In the petition,
the defendant argued that he received ineffective assistance of counsel and his plea was not
knowing and voluntary. The court advanced the petition to the second stage of proceedings and
appointed the public defender. The public defender filed a motion to withdraw as postconviction
counsel pursuant to Pennsylvania v. Finley, 481 U.S. 551 (1987). The court denied the public
defender's Finley motion, but then allowed counsel to withdraw as the defendant had hired
private counsel.
¶6 Private counsel filed an amended postconviction petition, which argued, in relevant part,
that the defendant received ineffective assistance of counsel when plea counsel: (1) pressured the
defendant to withdraw his motion to suppress; (2) pressured the defendant to plead guilty to the
three most serious offenses because the State would "badger" his elderly father at trial and
counsel was unwilling to try the case; and (3) failed to file a motion to quash the defendant's
warrantless arrest. The amended petition was accompanied by an Illinois Supreme Court Rule
651(c) (eff. Feb. 6, 2013) certificate and the defendant's affidavit.
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¶7 In his affidavit, the defendant averred that: (1) plea counsel told him that the State would
withdraw its plea offer if the defendant did not withdraw his motion to suppress and the State
would badger the defendant's father at trial; (2) plea counsel pressured the defendant to take the
plea deal because counsel said that "going to trial would be worse"; (3) the defendant did not
understand what he was agreeing to during the plea colloquy; and (4) the defendant believed that
plea counsel did not want to try the case.
¶8 The State filed a motion to dismiss the defendant's amended postconviction petition, and
the court set the matter for a hearing. At the hearing, the State argued that the defendant did not
allege prejudice with regard to his ineffective assistance of counsel claims. Private counsel
argued that "the standard in a plea deal for what constitutes prejudice is not that the trial would
have been in his favor but that the outcome would be different." At the conclusion of the
arguments on the petition, the court granted the State's motion to dismiss. The defendant
appeals.
¶9 ANALYSIS
¶ 10 The defendant argues that private postconviction counsel provided unreasonable
assistance because counsel failed to properly allege and support the claim that plea counsel
provided ineffective assistance.
¶ 11 The right to counsel during postconviction proceedings is wholly statutory. People v.
Lander, 215 Ill. 2d 577, 583 (2005). The Post-Conviction Hearing Act (Act) provides for the
appointment of counsel for an indigent defendant at the second stage of proceedings. 725 ILCS
5/122-4 (West 2014). Alternatively, a defendant may privately retain counsel at the first or later
stages of proceedings. See People v. Anguiano, 2013 IL App (1st) 113458, ¶ 16.
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¶ 12 Generally, a defendant is entitled to a "reasonable" level of assistance during
postconviction proceedings. People v. Munson, 206 Ill. 2d 104, 137 (2002). However, the
application of this standard to privately retained counsel is the subject of a split of authority. See
People v. Cotto, 2015 IL App (1st) 123489, ¶ 10; Anguiano, 2013 IL App (1st) 113458, ¶ 30;
People v. Csaszar, 2013 IL App (1st) 100467, ¶¶ 18, 25. We note that all three of these cases
were decided by the First District, and this district has yet to rule on this issue.
¶ 13 The Csaszar decision is the first Illinois case to limit the right to the reasonable assistance
of counsel to formerly pro se postconviction petitioners. Csaszar, 2013 IL App (1st) 100467. In
Csaszar, the defendant hired private counsel to prepare his postconviction petition. The
defendant sent private counsel a draft of a petition that he had prepared pro se but did not file.
Id. ¶¶ 11-12. Private counsel then filed a postconviction petition that argued that the defendant:
(1) was unable to understand his actions at the time of the offense because of his medications and
depression; (2) was not fit to stand trial; and (3) received ineffective assistance of trial counsel.
Id. ¶ 12. The trial court granted the State's motion to dismiss the petition. Id. ¶ 13.
¶ 14 On appeal, the defendant argued that private counsel did not provide the reasonable level
of assistance required for postconviction proceedings. Id. ¶ 15. The court noted that the Act
establishes the State's duty to provide counsel only " '[i]f the petition is without counsel and
alleges that he is without means to procure counsel,' " and it does not mention the duties of
privately retained counsel. Id. ¶ 17 (quoting 725 ILCS 5/122-4 (West 2006)). The court held
"the State has no duty to provide counsel, and no duty to provide reasonable assistance of
counsel, for any petitioner able to hire his own counsel." Id. ¶ 18. Rather, private counsel "has a
duty to provide the petitioner with a reasonable level of assistance with postconviction
proceedings." Id. ¶ 22 (citing People v. Kegel, 392 Ill. App. 3d 538, 541 (2009) ("An attorney
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who fails to provide competent representation is potentially subject to disciplinary action as well
as to liability for professional malpractice.")). As a result, the Csaszar court suggested that the
defendant's recourse was to bring an action against postconviction counsel in the form of a
successive postconviction petition, "in which [the defendant] argues that his retained counsel's
failings show cause for his failure to raise meritorious issues in his initial postconviction
petition." Id. ¶ 23.
¶ 15 In Cotto, 2015 IL App (1st) 123489, ¶ 11, 1 the court stated that it continued to find the
reasoning in Csaszar persuasive and applied it to the defendant's reasonable assistance of private
postconviction counsel claim. Private counsel filed a postconviction petition, on behalf of the
defendant, that raised several claims of ineffective assistance of trial and appellate counsel. Id.
¶ 3. The trial court docketed the petition for second-stage proceedings, and the State moved to
dismiss the petition arguing that it was untimely, its allegations were barred by res judicata and
waiver, and the claims were meritless. Id. ¶ 5. At the hearing on the petition, private counsel did
not address the untimeliness argument and, instead, focused his argument on the merits of the
petition. Id. ¶ 8. The court granted the State's motion to dismiss the petition. Id. On appeal, the
defendant solely argued that private postconviction counsel failed to provide reasonable
1
We note that our supreme court allowed the petition for leave to appeal in People v.
Cotto, No. 119006 (Ill. May 27, 2015); however, neither of the parties ask us to stay our decision
pending the outcome of Cotto. The defendant specifically argues that the instant case is factually
distinct from Cotto because private counsel only filed the amended petition and did not
participate in the first-stage proceedings. We agree with the defendant's position and find no
reason to stay our decision.
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assistance. Id. ¶ 9. The court found "no appreciable difference in the case at bar, where, as in
Csaszar, defendant retained private counsel to prepare and file his petition for him." Id. ¶ 10.
¶ 16 In Anguiano, 2013 IL App (1st) 113458, ¶ 30, the court held, contrary to its holdings in
Csaszar and Cotto, that a defendant's right to the reasonable assistance of postconviction counsel
extended to private counsel. In Anguiano, a private attorney, who had represented the defendant
during his direct appeal, drafted and filed the defendant's first-stage postconviction petition. Id.
¶ 11. In the petition, private counsel elaborated on an ineffective assistance of counsel argument
that he had raised in the direct appeal. Id. The State filed a motion to dismiss the petition which
argued that the claim was barred by res judicata. Id. ¶ 12. At the hearing on the State's motion,
private counsel argued that he was presenting new evidence in support of the ineffective
assistance claim. However, the trial court agreed with the State and dismissed the petition. Id.
¶ 17 On appeal, the court acknowledged its prior decision in Csaszar, 2013 IL App (1st)
100467, which distinguished appointed and privately retained counsel with regard to the right to
a reasonable level of assistance, and then disagreed with the Csaszar holding. Anguiano, 2013
IL App (1st) 113458, ¶ 34. The Anguiano court found that "[n]iether the Act nor the Illinois
Supreme Court's rulings create a distinction between appointed and retained counsel with regard
to this right, and we decline to infer such a distinction." Id. The court specifically noted that
Csaszar did not discuss People v. Mitchell, 189 Ill. 2d 312, 358 (2000), in which the supreme
court strongly indicated that a counseled defendant is entitled to a reasonable level of assistance.
Anguiano, 2013 IL App (1st) 113458, ¶ 36. The Anguiano court also noted that Csaszar did not
provide any policy reasons for affording a reasonable level of assistance to second-stage
defendants who were appointed counsel, and denying the guarantee to defendants who privately
retained counsel at the first and second stages. Id. The Anguiano court was not persuaded by the
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Csaszar court's rationale that private counsel would be subject to disciplinary action or a
malpractice suit for his or her incompetent performance. Id. ¶ 39. The Anguiano court held:
"we do not believe the legislature intended for private counsel retained
through the first and second stages to be free to provide a level of assistance
below that required of counsel appointed or retained at the second stage.
Applying the same standards has the virtue not only of guaranteeing similar
protections to similarly situated litigants, but also of simplicity. We see no need
to further complicate postconviction proceedings." Id. ¶ 40.
Applying the reasonable level of assistance standard to the defendant's claims against private
postconviction counsel, the Anguiano court ultimately concluded that the defendant had not
established that he received unreasonable assistance of private counsel. Id. ¶ 49.
¶ 18 After reviewing the split of authority, we adopt the reasoning in Anguiano, and reject the
Csaszar and Cotto holdings. We agree with Anguiano that the law strongly suggests that the
reasonable assistance standard applies to privately retained counsel who is trying a
postconviction petition at the second stage of proceedings. Id. ¶ 26; see also Mitchell, 189 Ill. 2d
at 358 (finding that defendant's private postconviction attorneys "clearly provided a reasonable
level of assistance," and the private attorneys' representation was not "unreasonable"). To hold
otherwise would incentivize petitioners to claim indigence as it would guarantee that they
receive reasonable assistance of counsel, which would not be required of private postconviction
attorneys. In light of this conclusion, we proceed to determine whether the defendant received
unreasonable assistance of postconviction counsel. We review the second-stage dismissal of a
postconviction petition de novo. People v. Whitfield, 217 Ill. 2d 177, 182 (2005).
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¶ 19 The defendant argues that postconviction counsel did not adequately develop and support
his claim of ineffective assistance of plea counsel. To establish a claim of ineffective assistance
of counsel, the defendant must prove that (1) counsel's performance fell below an objective
standard of reasonableness, and (2) there is a reasonable probability that, but for counsel's
unprofessional errors, the result would have been different. Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S.
668, 687 (1984). At the second stage of proceedings, the defendant need only make a substantial
showing of both of the Strickland prongs to warrant an evidentiary hearing. People v. Hall, 217
Ill. 2d 324, 334 (2005).
¶ 20 In this case, in the amended petition, private counsel raised several allegations of plea
counsel's deficient performance. However, private counsel did not argue that the defendant
suffered prejudice as a result of plea counsel's performance. Stated another way, private counsel
failed to allege that plea counsel's deficient performance affected the outcome of the proceeding,
and absent plea counsel's errors, the defendant would not have pled guilty and insisted on going
to trial. See People v. Guzman, 2014 IL App (3d) 090464, ¶ 33, aff'd, 2015 IL 118749 ("To
show prejudice in the plea context, the defendant must demonstrate that but for trial counsel's
error, there is a reasonable probability that he would not have pled guilty and would have
insisted on going to trial."). The complete omission of the second prong of the Strickland
analysis from the amended petition and the lack of oral argument in support of this prong was
unreasonable. Without this necessary allegation and argument, the amended petition could never
satisfy the "substantial showing" of ineffective assistance required to advance the petition to an
evidentiary hearing. Hall, 217 Ill. 2d at 334. Thus, postconviction counsel's performance was
unreasonable, and we reverse the court's dismissal and remand the cause for de novo second-
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stage proceedings held in compliance with section 122-4 of the Act (725 ILCS 5/122-4 (West
2014)).
¶ 21 CONCLUSION
¶ 22 The judgment of the circuit court of Will County is reversed and remanded.
¶ 23 Reversed and remanded.
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