DISTRICT COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF FLORIDA
FOURTH DISTRICT
EDWARD K. HENRY,
Appellant,
v.
SUZANNE W. HENRY,
Appellee.
No. 4D15-755
[May 18, 2016]
Appeal from the Circuit Court for the Fifteenth Judicial Circuit, Palm
Beach County; Jeffrey Dana Gillen, Judge; L.T. Case No.
2013DR008244XXXXSB.
Bruce S. Rosenwater of Bruce S. Rosenwater & Associates, P.A., and
Anne M. Lynch of Anne M. Lynch, P.A., Palm Beach Gardens, for appellant.
Eddie Stephens of Ward, Damon, Posner, Pheterson & Bleau, West
Palm Beach, for appellee.
FORST, J.
This case involves a final judgment of dissolution of marriage between
Appellant Edward Henry (“the former husband”) and Appellee Suzanne
Henry (“the former wife”). Because of the number of issues raised, we have
incorporated the relevant facts directly into the discussion of the issues as
divided below. We otherwise affirm without further discussion the trial
court’s (modified) adoption of the former wife’s proposed final judgment
and the trial court’s award of 60/40 timesharing with respect to the
parties’ children in favor of the former wife.
The Parties’ Income
The former wife concedes on appeal that the trial court erred in using
$39.875.60 as her yearly income. The former wife’s actual gross income
that the trial court should have used was $44,104.32, as shown in her
2014 financial affidavit.
The former husband’s income was also miscalculated. We review
mathematical errors de novo. Kareff v. Kareff, 943 So. 2d 890, 892 (Fla.
4th DCA 2006). The trial court used a net monthly income of $3114 for
the former husband, based on a gross monthly income of $4463. The
testimony presented at trial, and the agreement of the parties, established
that the former husband earned $54,010.80 from the start of 2014
through November 14 (46 weeks). That total included a $7500 one-time
bonus.
In attempting to remove the bonus and annualize the former husband’s
income, the trial court apparently divided the $54,010.80 by 46 weeks,
multiplied the result ($1174.15) by 52 weeks to make a full year, and
subtracted from the result ($61,055.80) the $7500 bonus. This resulted
in a final gross annual income of $53,555.80, or $4462.98 per month
(which rounds up to the $4463 used).
The problem, however, is that this calculation did not fully remove the
bonus from the former husband’s income. By performing the division and
multiplication first, the trial court accidentally included six extra weeks of
bonus pay in its final number that was never subtracted out. The proper
method of calculating the former husband’s income would have been to
take the $54,010.80 year-to-date value, subtract the $7500 at the start
(resulting in a $46,510.80 year-to-date-without-bonus amount), then
divide by 46 and multiply by 52. This results in an annualized-without-
bonus income of $52,577.43. The former husband’s gross monthly income
was therefore that value divided by 12, which (rounded down) is $4381.
That is the value the trial court should have used instead of $4463.
Because the adjustments to that gross income may be different on
remand, we avoid calculating the former husband’s net income at this
time. See Shrove v. Shrove, 724 So. 2d 679, 682 (Fla. 4th DCA 1999)
(“[S]upport calculations must be based on net income.”). Whatever
adjustments need to be made, however, should be made off the properly
calculated gross incomes: $3675 for the former wife and $4381 for the
former husband.
Prospective Child Support
“The standard of review for a child support award is abuse of
discretion.” McKenna v. McKenna, 31 So. 3d 890, 891 (Fla. 4th DCA 2010).
The trial court’s award of $313 in monthly child support from the
former husband to the former wife was based on the incorrect
computations of income described above. It was therefore an abuse of
discretion. We reverse and remand for a recalculation of the proper
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amount of child support using a gross monthly income of $3675
($44,104.32 annual) for the former wife and a gross monthly income of
$4381 ($52,577.43 annual) for the former husband.
Prospective Alimony
This Court reviews awards of permanent periodic alimony for abuse of
discretion. Bronson v. Bronson, 793 So. 2d 1109, 1111 (Fla. 4th DCA
2001).
Because the incomes of the parties were miscalculated as described
above, the trial court abused its discretion in awarding $500 in monthly
alimony from the former husband to the former wife. We do not express
any opinion on whether this value would constitute an abuse of discretion
on remand; the abuse of discretion came not from the award given, but
from the method by which the award was determined. We also are
concerned by the trial court’s statement that “Husband can earn in excess
of $60,000 barring a catastrophic event,” when the record evidence the
court cites does not support that finding as true. If the trial court
continues to rely on this as a factor behind its new alimony award, we
suggest, without requiring, that it more fully explain its reasoning.
We therefore reverse and remand the award of $500 in permanent
periodic alimony. The trial court should calculate a new alimony award
based on the parties’ actual incomes as described above.
Retroactive Child Support
Awards of retroactive child support are reviewed for an abuse of
discretion. Wright v. Wright, 411 So. 2d 1334, 1336 (Fla. 4th DCA 1982).
The parties agree that the trial court erred in awarding retroactive child
support for seventeen months rather than fifteen months because the
parties were still living together during the extra two months.
Additionally, the trial court erred in its determination of the monthly
amount of child support in two ways. First, the amount of support was
determined using the incorrect incomes for the parties as described above.
On remand, the court should apply the proper gross monthly incomes
(converted to monthly net incomes) of $4381 for the former husband and
$3675 for the former wife. Second, the trial court erred in calculating the
retroactive child support using the 60/40 timesharing split that applied to
the prospective child support.
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The Child Support Guidelines Worksheet calculates the amount of child
support based in part on the “[p]ercentage of overnight stays with each
parent.” Although the record does indicate that the children spent time at
the former wife’s home during the former husband’s timesharing, there is
nothing supporting a finding that they spent the night at the former wife’s
home. The record actually indicates that the parties had a 50/50 split of
overnight stays during the retroactive period. The amount of retroactive
child support and prospective child support should therefore differ in the
final judgment because the former should be based on a 50/50 split and
the latter should be based on the 60/40 split.
We therefore reverse the award of retroactive child support and remand
for recalculation using the proper incomes for the parties, the proper
timesharing for the parties, and the proper number of months over which
the retroactive child support is owed.
Retroactive Alimony
Awards of retroactive alimony are reviewed for an abuse of discretion.
Wright, 411 So. 2d at 1336. Awards of retroactive alimony must be based
on need and ability to pay. Vitro v. Vitro, 122 So. 3d 382, 385 (Fla. 4th
DCA 2012). The trial court must make specific findings regarding those
factors. Valentine v. Van Sickle, 42 So. 3d 267, 274 (Fla. 2d DCA 2010).
As with the prospective alimony, the first and most important issue is
the trial court’s consideration of the incorrect income for the parties. On
remand, the trial court should determine retroactive alimony based on a
gross monthly income of $4381 for the former husband and a gross
monthly income of $3675 for the former wife.
Similarly, as with the retroactive child support, the trial court erred in
awarding retroactive alimony for seventeen months rather than for only
fifteen months.
Particular to the issue of retroactive alimony, the trial court did not
make specific findings of the former wife’s need and the former husband’s
ability to pay “during the relevant . . . period.” Valentine, 42 So. 3d at 274.
Instead, the court found that “Wife has a need for alimony,” “Wife has a
current need for alimony,” and that “Husband does not have the current
[ability] to pay all of the alimony Wife needs.” (emphases added). The
court made findings regarding only the former wife’s current need and the
former husband’s current ability to pay, when it was required to make
findings about need and ability during the retroactive time period.
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We therefore reverse the award of retroactive alimony and remand for
the trial court to consider the evidence and, if it determines that it is
appropriate, to make the proper findings of past need and ability to pay.
If it makes those findings, it should recalculate the amount of alimony
owed using the proper incomes for the parties and the proper number of
months over which the retroactive alimony is owed.
Attorneys’ Fees
Orders on attorneys’ fees are reviewed for an abuse of discretion.
Glantz & Glantz, P.A. v. Chinchilla, 17 So. 3d 711, 713 (Fla. 4th DCA 2009).
An award of attorneys’ fees normally requires findings of need and
ability to pay under section 61.16, Florida Statutes. See Hallac v. Hallac,
88 So. 3d 253, 260 (Fla. 4th DCA 2012). However, trial courts have the
inherent authority to prevent vexatious litigation by awarding fees without
such findings. Id. Fees of this nature are appropriate when a party has
“engage[d] in excessive litigation, harassment, or bad faith [litigation].” Id.
at 259. However, “[s]uch awards are rarely applicable and should be
reserved for extreme cases.” Id. If an award is made under this authority,
the trial court must make express findings of bad faith, including
supporting facts, which would justify the award. Id.
The trial court in this case did not make an express finding of bad faith
in the section of its decision pertaining to fees. Instead, it stated that
“Husband intentionally did not pay support to his Wife as a litigation
tactic” when analyzing an adjustment to the equalizing payment, but that
is the extent of the trial court’s findings. Even if we were to assume that
this statement also related to a bad-faith finding for attorneys’ fees, the
former husband’s conduct here is not the sort of extreme case
contemplated by Hallac. The former husband’s failure to pay support
during the pendency of the divorce did not cause the litigation. Even if the
former husband had made some payments, arguments and evidence about
the total amount he had to pay would have been made and admitted.
There is a dearth of evidence in the record, as well as no findings, that
would support an award of attorneys’ fees based on bad faith or
excessiveness.
However, as already noted, the inherent authority of the trial court is
only one method by which fees may be awarded. There remains the
possibility that fees could be awarded under section 61.16. The trial court
here did not make the requisite findings of need and ability to pay fees.
On remand, however, it may make such findings, if it determines them to
be true, and order the award of fees under section 61.16. The same
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determination should be made and applied to the former wife’s motion for
appellate attorneys’ fees. On remand, the trial court should determine if
the former wife has a need and if former husband has the ability to pay,
and to determine the amount of fees to be awarded if those criteria are
met.
Conclusion
We reverse the trial court’s awards of prospective and retroactive
alimony and child support, and the award of attorneys’ fees. On remand,
the trial court should use the correct values for the parties’ incomes as
discussed above, should apply the proper timesharing ratio for retroactive
child support, should order retroactive alimony and child support for only
fifteen months, and should make the appropriate findings of need and
ability to pay with regard to retroactive alimony and both trial and
appellate attorneys’ fees. We affirm the trial court’s adoption of the former
wife’s proposed final judgment and its award of 60/40 timesharing in favor
of the former wife.
Reversed in part and affirmed in part.
WARNER and CONNER, JJ., concur.
* * *
Not final until disposition of timely filed motion for rehearing.
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