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NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
PENNSYLVANIA
v.
WAYNE EDWARD CHESS
Appellant No. 1941 WDA 2015
Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence August 25, 2015
in the Court of Common Pleas of Fayette County Criminal Division
at No(s): CP-26-CR-0002252-2014
BEFORE: GANTMAN, P.J., OLSON, J., and FITZGERALD,* J.
MEMORANDUM BY FITZGERALD, J.: FILED JUNE 09, 2016
Appellant, Wayne Edward Chess, appeals from the judgment of
sentence imposed in the Fayette County Court of Common Pleas following
his convictions for two counts of driving under the influence1 (“DUI”).
Appellant argues that the evidence was insufficient to support his convictions
and that his sentence was excessive. We affirm.
The trial court summarized the underlying facts as follows:
On September 10, 2014, Trooper Adam Sikorski was on
patrol just after midnight in a marked patrol vehicle when
he observed a car stopped in the middle of the roadway.
Observing a man urinating on the passenger side of the
vehicle, he made a U -turn, activated his lights and pulled
in behind the vehicle. As he approached the vehicle, he
observed a man move from the driver’s seat to the
passenger seat. Additionally, Sikorski testified that when
*
Former Justice specially assigned to the Superior Court.
1
75 Pa.C.S. § 3802(a)(1), (c).
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he stepped from his vehicle the engine of the parked car
was running and then it stopped running. The Trooper not
only identified the man in the vehicle as the Appellant but
also testified that Appellant was the only person in the
vehicle.
After making contact with Appellant, the Trooper
smelled a strong odor of an alcoholic beverage and saw
that Appellant’s eyes were bloodshot and glassy and that
his speech was slurred. He then asked Appellant to exit
the vehicle to perform standardized field sobriety tests. In
performing each of the tests, Appellant showed signs of
impairment. In the opinion of the Trooper, Appellant was
incapable of safe driving.
Appellant was then placed under arrest, placed into
custody, and transported to the Uniontown Hospital for a
blood draw. At the hospital, Appellant agreed to provide a
blood sample. Once the blood was drawn, it was placed in
a blood kit and entered into evidence. As to the blood of
Appellant, counsel for Appellant and counsel for the
Commonwealth stipulated that if Stacy Cox from the
Pennsylvania State Police Crime Laboratory was called to
testify she would be recognized as an expert in the field of
blood analysis, that she tested the blood sample at issue,
and that the results of the test showed the blood alcohol
content to be .177 %.
Upon this evidence, the Appellant was convicted by a
jury of his peers of the crimes of DUI: Incapable of Safe
Driving and DUI: Highest Rate of Alcohol.
Trial Ct. Op., 1/7/16, at 2-3.
After an August 2015 trial, a jury found Appellant guilty of the above
charges. On August 25, 2015, the court sentenced Appellant to two and
one-half to five years’ imprisonment. Appellant filed a post-sentence motion
which the trial court denied. This timely appeal followed. Appellant timely
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filed a court-ordered Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b) statement and the trial court filed a
responsive Pa.R.A.P. 1925(a) opinion.
On appeal, Appellant challenges the sufficiency of evidence and the
excessiveness of his sentence.2 With respect to his sufficiency claim,
Appellant argues that the evidence presented at trial was insufficient to
support his DUI convictions. Appellant specifically avers that the testimony
of Pennsylvania State Trooper, Adam Sikorski was not sufficient to establish
that Appellant was the operator of the car at issue. Appellant notes that
Trooper Sikorski did not observe him operate the car and that another
individual in the vicinity could have been the driver. Further, Appellant
emphasizes that while he does not contend that he was not intoxicated on
the night in question, he did testify at trial to deny that he had been driving.
We disagree.
When examining a challenge to the sufficiency of the evidence our
standard of review is well settled:
The standard we apply in reviewing the sufficiency of the
evidence is whether viewing all the evidence admitted at
trial [] in the light most favorable to the verdict winner,
there is sufficient evidence to enable the fact-finder to find
every element of the crime beyond a reasonable doubt. In
applying the above test, we may not weigh the evidence
and substitute our judgment for the fact-finder. In
addition, we note the facts and circumstances established
by the Commonwealth need not preclude every possibility
of innocence. Any doubts regarding a defendant’s guilt
may be resolved by the fact-finder unless the evidence is
2
The Commonwealth has not filed a brief in this case.
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so weak and inconclusive that as a matter of law no
probability of fact may be drawn from the combined
circumstances. The Commonwealth may sustain its burden
of proving every element of the crime beyond a reasonable
doubt by means of wholly circumstantial evidence.
Moreover, in applying the above test, the entire record
must be evaluated and all evidence actually received must
be considered. Finally, the finder of fact[,] while passing
upon the credibility of witnesses and the weight of the
evidence produced is free to believe all, part or none of the
evidence.
Commonwealth v. Talbert, 129 A.3d 536, 542-43 (Pa. Super. 2015)
(citation omitted).
Appellant was convicted of DUI under Subsections 3802(a)(1) and (c),
which provide:
(a) General impairment.—
(1) An individual may not drive, operate or be in
actual physical control of the movement of a
vehicle after imbibing a sufficient amount of
alcohol such that the individual is rendered
incapable of safely driving, operating or being in
actual physical control of the movement of the
vehicle.
***
(c) Highest rate of alcohol.—An individual may
not drive, operate or be in actual physical control
of the movement of a vehicle after imbibing a
sufficient amount of alcohol such that the alcohol
concentration in the individual's blood or breath is
0.16% or higher within two hours after the
individual has driven, operated or been in actual
physical control of the movement of the vehicle.
75 Pa.C.S. § 3802(a)(1), (c).
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The term “operate” under the DUI code “requires evidence of actual
physical control of either the machinery of the motor vehicle or the
management of the vehicle’s movement, but not evidence that the vehicle
was in motion.” Commonwealth v. Johnson, 833 A.2d 260, 263 (Pa.
Super. 2003) (citation omitted). We note:
[A]n eyewitness is not required to establish that a
defendant was driving, operating, or was in actual physical
control of a motor vehicle. The Commonwealth can
establish through wholly circumstantial evidence that a
defendant was driving, operating or in actual physical
control of a motor vehicle.
Id. (holding that evidence was sufficient to support defendant’s DUI
conviction where police officer did not observe defendant driving but did see
defendant in close proximity to his car on a travel lane of a public street);
see also Commonwealth v. Lehman, 820 A.2d 766, 772-73 (Pa. Super.
2003) (holding that the evidence was sufficient to conclude that the
defendant was operating a vehicle for purposes of the DUI statute where the
intoxicated defendant was found sleeping in the driver’s seat of his vehicle
with the engine running, parked perpendicular to the roadway);
Commonwealth v. Trial, 652 A.2d 338, 340 (Pa. Super. 1994) (holding
that defendant was operating his vehicle for purposes of the DUI statute
when police discovered him intoxicated and slumped over in the driver’s seat
of a car that was not “on” but keys were in the ignition).
In the case sub judice, the trial court found that the totality of the
circumstances were sufficient to support the contention that Appellant was
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the operator of the vehicle in question. We agree. As noted by the court,
Appellant’s car was parked in a roadway when Trooper Sikorski observed
Appellant behind the driver’s seat, admittedly intoxicated. Trial Ct. Op. at 2.
The Trooper then saw Appellant move over to the passenger’s seat. Id.
Further, the engine of the car was at least initially running, until it was
turned off by the only person in the car, Appellant. Id. Viewed in the light
most favorable to the Commonwealth, we conclude that the evidence was
sufficient to prove that Appellant was “operating” the vehicle while
intoxicated. See Johnson, 833 A.2d at 263. Therefore, Appellant’s claim
that the evidence was insufficient to support his DUI convictions must fail.
Turning to his second issue, Appellant baldly contends that his
sentence was excessive in light of his “prior record and the testimony
adduced at trial.” Appellant’s Brief at 10. This claim constitutes a challenge
to the discretionary aspects of his sentence. See Commonwealth v.
Hornaman, 920 A.2d 1282, 1284 (Pa. Super. 2007). This Court has stated:
[c]hallenges to the discretionary aspects of sentencing do
not entitle an appellant to an appeal as of right. Prior to
reaching the merits of a discretionary sentencing issue:
[W]e conduct a four part analysis to determine: (1)
whether appellant has filed a timely notice of appeal,
see Pa.R.A.P. 902 and 903; (2) whether the issue
was properly preserved at sentencing or in a motion
to reconsider and modify sentence, see Pa.R.Crim.P.
[720]; (3) whether appellant’s brief has a fatal
defect, Pa.R.A.P. 2119(f); and (4) whether there is a
substantial question that the sentence appealed from
is not appropriate under the Sentencing Code, 42
Pa.C.S.A. § 9781(b).
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Commonwealth v. Lewis, 45 A.3d 405, 410 (Pa. Super. 2012) (en banc)
(some citations omitted).
Significantly, “the Rule 2119(f) statement must specify where the
sentence falls in relation to the sentencing guidelines and what particular
provision of the Code is violated . . . . Similarly, the Rule 2119(f) statement
must specify what fundamental norm the sentence violates and the manner
in which it violates that norm . . . .” Commonwealth v. Googins, 748
A.2d 721, 727 (Pa. Super. 2000) (en banc). Further, in order to present a
substantial question, a defendant must show that his “sentence violates
either a specific provision of the sentencing scheme set forth in the
Sentencing Code or a particular fundamental norm underlying the sentencing
process.” Commonwealth v. Tirado, 870 A.2d 362, 365 (Pa. Super. 2005)
(citation omitted). It is well-settled that a generic claim that a sentence is
excessive does not constitute a substantial question necessitating review.
Commonwealth v. Christine, 78 A.3d 1, 10 (Pa. Super. 2013), aff’d, 125
A.3d 394 (Pa. 2015).
Instantly, Appellant preserved his sentencing issue in his post-
sentence motion and timely appealed, but failed to include a Pa.R.A.P.
2119(f) statement in his brief. Accordingly, we could find Appellant’s
sentencing issue waived. Commonwealth v. Gambal, 561 A.2d 710, 713
(Pa. 1989) (holding that defendant’s failure to include a Rule 2119(f)
statement would result in the sua sponte waiver of his sentencing claim).
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Moreover, even if we were to conclude that Appellant’s sentencing
issue was not waived for failure to include a Rule 2119(f) statement,
Appellant does not raise a substantial question for our review. See Tirado,
870 A.2d at 365. Appellant provides no indication of any specific provision
of the Sentencing Code that his sentence violates and does not specify any
particular violation of the fundamental norms underlying the sentencing
process. See id. Indeed, Appellant provides only the general claim that his
sentence was excessive without citation to the record or to any legal
authority relevant to his specific claim. See Christine, 78 A.3d at 10.
Accordingly, we conclude that Appellant’s second issue also lacks merit and
we affirm the trial court’s judgment of sentence.
Judgment of sentence affirmed.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 6/9/2016
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Com. v. Chess, W.
Combined Opinion