The defendant was convicted of manslaughter in the first degree, and appeals.
There appears but one insistence of error. This seems to be well taken, and as a result thereof the judgement of conviction must be reversed, and the cause remanded.
The error above referred to consists of the refusal of the following charge:
"I charge you, gentlemen, that if the circumstances attending the killing of deceased were such as would justify a reasonable man in the belief that he was in danger of great bodily harm or death, and that he could not retreat without adding to his peril and defendant believed such to be the case, he was justified in shooting deceased, although he was not in actual danger, and retreat would not have added to his peril; and, if defendant acted under such circumstances, the burden of showing that defendant was not free from fault in bringing on the difficulty is on the state."
This charge was not fairly or substantially covered by the oral charge or by the given charges; therefore its refusal cannot be justified for that reason. *Page 494
It has been many times held that this identical charge states a correct proposition of law; and, unless covered fairly and substantially either by the oral charge of the court or by given special written charges its refusal is error. Many cases could be cited on this direct question but the following suffice here: Williams v. State, 16 Ala. App. 396, 78 south. 312; Gibson v. State, 8 Ala. App. 56, 62 So. 895; Bluett v. State. 151 Ala. 41, 44 So. 84: Bluitt's Case, 161 Ala. 14,49 So. 854; Holmes v. State, 100 Ala. 80, 14 So. 864; Deal v. State, 136 Ala. 52, 34 So. 23; Tyus v. State,10 Ala. App. 10, 64 So. 516; O'Rear v. State, 188 Ala. 71,66 So. 81; Minor v. State, 16 Ala. App. 401, 78 So. 317; Richardson v. State, 191 Ala. 21, 68 So. 57; Glass v. State,201 Ala, 441, 78 So. 819; Ex parte State ex rel. Atty. Gen;207 Ala. 349, 92 So. 606.
Reversed and remanded.