The trial was had on count 1, the gravamen of which was that —
Defendant "owned a railroad right of way in De Kalb county, Ala., upon which its roadbed was constructed over which it operated its trains, which said right of way extended through plaintiff's farm in said county, which said farm plaintiff was then the owner of and in the possession of, and that the defendant, for the purpose of maintaining its said roadbed over and across a creek passing through plaintiff's said farm, said creek being known as the Portersville creek, maintained a culvert on its said right of way for the purpose of carrying the water of said creek through or under said roadbed, and plaintiff avers that on said day said culvert was insufficient to take care of the water of said creek, or was maintained in such a position or manner as to prevent it taking care of said water, and as a proximate result thereof said creek did on said day overflow plaintiff's said farm thereby washing plaintiff's said land, leaving large deposits of rocks, sand, dirt, and gravel thereon, and damaging and injuring" plaintiff's crops on his said lands.
Defendant's pleas were the general issue and res adjudicata. Defendant insists that, taking the pleading most strongly against the pleader, under the alternative averment, it must be assumed that the culvert was constructed sufficiently and suitably to take care of the flow of water at the place or point indicated, and was not sufficient to maintain an action for obstructions occurring without its knowledge, etc. Lamb, Rec'r, v. Roberts, 196 Ala. 679, 680, 72 So. 309, L.R.A. 1916F, 1018; S.-S. S. I Co. v. Wilson, 183 Ala. 411,62 So. 802. The foregoing authorities distinguish between a case of construction or maintenance of an insufficient culvert, etc. (N.C. St. L. v. Yarbrough, 194 Ala. 162, 167, 69 So. 582), and a subsequent obstruction or diversion of the flow of water at such culvert without knowledge or the negligence of the defendant (A. G. S. R. Co. v. Killian, 17 Ala. App. 124,82 So. 572; Ala. West. R. Co. v. Wilson, 1 Ala. App. 306,55 So. 932).
The liability for obstruction or diversion of the flow of water is not a matter of negligence vel non, as it touches one cutting ditches and making waterways on his own land, to ascertain whether he will divert or cause water to flow upon the lands of neighbor to the latter's injury, ordinarily or in times of higher water. Moore v. Walker, 201 Ala. 629, 79 So. 191; Lindsey v. Sou. Ry., 149 Ala. 349, 43 So. 139; Jones v. T. C. I. Co., 202 Ala. 381, 382, 80 So. 463.
The first and second grounds of demurrer directed to count 1 should have been sustained, for the first alternative — "on said day [22d day of July, 1917] said culvert was insufficient * * *" — should have been supported by the averment that on said day the culvert, as maintained by defendant, "was insufficient," etc. Without the averment of maintenance on that day the averment of knowledge or notice on defendant's part of an obstruction or changed condition of its maintenance, or negligence in not knowing thereof or in not removing a temporary obstruction at such point, was necessary. A. G. S. Ry. Co. v. Killian, supra.
The judgment is reversed, and the cause is remanded.
Reversed and remanded.
ANDERSON, C. J., and McCLELLAN and SOMERVILLE, JJ., concur.