United States Court of Appeals
Fifth Circuit
F I L E D
United States Court of Appeals
September 18, 2003
for the Fifth Circuit
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Charles R. Fulbruge III
Clerk
No. 02-60587
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JUDDSON W. KING
Plaintiff - Appellant
VERSUS
ILLINOIS CENTRAL RAILROAD
KENNETH M. ANDERS
Defendants - Appellees
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Appeal from the United States District Court
For the Southern District of Mississippi
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ON PETITION FOR REHEARING
Before DAVIS, CYNTHIA HOLCOMB HALL* and EMILIO M. GARZA, Circuit
Judges.
PER CURIAM:
Plaintiff Juddson W. King (King), in his petition for panel rehearing, raises an
issue requiring discussion. For reasons explained below, however, we deny the petition
for rehearing.
King, injured when his automobile struck the eighteenth car of a train occupying
*
Circuit Judge of the Ninth Circuit, sitting by designation.
a railroad crossing, sued Illinois Central Railroad (ICR) and its engineer for damages
alleging numerous counts of negligence. As one of those counts, King alleges
negligence based upon ICR’s failure to mark the train cars with reflectors. The district
court granted ICR’s motion for summary judgment on that issue. The lower court
concluded that the common-law negligence claim for failure to provide reflectors on
train cars was implicitly preempted by the Federal Railroad Administration’s (FRA’s)
refusal to require reflectors. We affirmed that ruling on appeal.
King, for the first time in his request for rehearing, directs the court’s attention
to Sprietsma v. Mercury Marine, 537 U.S. 51 (2003), a United States Supreme Court
decision decided shortly after the close of briefing but before oral argument in this case.
In Sprietsma the Court found no implied federal preemption where the Coast Guard
and National Boating Safety Advisory Council considered requiring but ultimately
declined to require propellor guards on power boats.
King argues that Sprietsma requires us to conclude in the present case that
FRA’s abstention from regulating the use of reflectors does not preempt King’s
common-law negligence claim. We need not decide that issue here because the
Mississippi occupied crossing doctrine controls this case and precludes all of King’s
negligence claims, including his claim based on the railroad’s failure to equip the cars
with reflectors.
2
When a train occupies a crossing, railroads and engineers have no duty to signal
the presence of the train absent extraordinary physical environments or landscapes
making the crossing difficult to see.
A railroad has the right to occupy a crossing for its legitimate purposes,
and, while so occupying it, the carrier is not required to maintain lights on
its cars or to station a man with a lantern at the crossing to give warning
that it is obstructed by cars, unless the conditions and circumstances are
such that the employees of the railroad know, or in the exercise of
reasonable care should have known, that a person driving upon the
highway at a reasonable rate of speed in an automobile properly equipped
with lights, and carefully operated, could not see, or might not be able to
see, the cars in time to avoid a collision with them.
Illinois Central Railroad Co. v. Williams, 135 So. 2d 831, 834 (Miss. 1961). See also
Owens v. Int’l Paper Co., 528 F.2d 606, 610 (5th Cir. 1976); Gulf, M. & N. R. Co. v.
Holifield, 120 So. 750, 751 (Miss. 1929). As we stated in the panel opinion, King did
not produce evidence demonstrating that the type of physical conditions at the crossing
referred to in the above cases made the crossing difficult to see or that the crossing
could not be approached safely. There is no question of material fact as to that issue.
Therefore no exception to the occupied crossing rule is appropriate.
Thus, assuming without deciding that Sprietsma applies to this case, summary
judgment is still appropriate notwithstanding the preemption issue. Section IV of the
panel’s opinion, however, is deleted because the discussion in that section regarding
federal preemption is unnecessary to our holding.
3
The petition for rehearing is DENIED and no member of this panel nor judge in
regular active service on the court having requested that the court be polled on
rehearing en banc, (Fed. R. App. P. And 5th Cir. R. 35) the petition for rehearing en
banc is also DENIED.
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