STATEMENT OF FACTS.
American Agricultural Chemical Company sued Luther M. Bond and others separately to recover on promissory notes given by the defendants to J. L. Cannon for fertilizer, and transferred him to the plaintiff. Each defendant filed an answer and counterclaim. The answers denied that the defendants owed the plaintiff anything; and the counterclaims are based upon the fact that J. L. Cannon is indebted to the defendants for produce delivered by the defendants to the plaintiff, which was sold by plaintiff, and the proceeds unaccounted for. There was a judgment in favor of each defendant in the justice court, and the plaintiff appealed to the circuit court. In the circuit court it was stipulated that all the cases should abide the result in the Luther M. Bond case.
According to the evidence for the plaintiff, the note sued on was transferred to it on April 10, 1926, and was indorsed by J. L. Cannon and the J. L. Cannon Company. The note was for $85.30, dated March 11, 1926, and due August 1, 1926. It was payable to the order of J. L. *Page 166 Cannon, and bore interest at the rate of ten per cent. per annum from date until paid. The J. L. Cannon Company was indebted to plaintiff at the time in the sum of $6,500, and this and other notes were transferred to plaintiff in payment of the indebtedness. The plaintiff had no notice of any defense to any of the notes so transferred. The plaintiff held the note until July 24, 1926, when it was sent to the National Bank of Commerce of St. Louis, with instructions to forward it to the First National Bank of DeQueen, Arkansas, for collection. Notice was sent to the maker that the notes had been sent to the bank for collection.
On cross-examination of S. F. Duckworth, credit manager of the plaintiff, it was shown that the plaintiff had a written contract with the J. L. Cannon Company of DeQueen, Arkansas, to sell fertilizer for it on commission. The witness stated further that the dealings it had with reference to the note sued on and the other notes transferred to it by the J. L. Cannon Company were had with the J. L. Cannon Company, a corporation. J. L. Cannon was the secretary-treasurer of the J. L. Cannon Company.
R. P. Mitchell was a witness for the defendant. According to his testimony, he was cashier of the First National Bank of DeQueen, Arkansas, and remembers that the bark had some of the notes of plaintiff for collection, and among them was the note sued on. J. L. Cannon gave a check payable to witness in payment of the note sued on. The bank never paid the check. J. L. Cannon died July 28, 1926. J. L. Cannon Company had an account with the bank at that time, but payment on the fertilizer checks, including the check in payment of the note sued on, was stopped by the J. L. Cannon Company. The bank paid some other checks which J. L. Cannon gave to pay off notes given to him for fertilizer. The check given for the note sued on was never paid by the bank. *Page 167
Luther M. Bond was a witness for himself. According to his testimony, he gave the note sued on to J. L. Cannon for fertilizer, and it was agreed that the note should be paid out of the proceeds of produce grown by Bond and delivered to Cannon. Bond delivered to Cannon more than enough to pay off the note. Cannon now owes witness $225 less than the amount of the note. J. L. Cannon Company is now bankrupt.
There was a verdict and judgment for the defendant, and the plaintiff has appealed. (after stating the facts). The judgment of the circuit court was wrong. The undisputed evidence shows that Luther M. Bond executed the note sued on to J. L. Cannon, and that the note was transferred before maturity, for value, to the plaintiff. The undisputed evidence shows that the plaintiff kept the note in its possession until July 24, 1926, when it delivered it to a bank in St. Louis, to be forwarded to the First National Bank of DeQueen, Arkansas, for collection. That bank never was able to collect it. It is true that J. L. Cannon gave a check to the cashier of the bank in payment of the note, but the check was never paid, and the bank never collected the note.
The bank was the agent of the plaintiff, and not the agent of J. L. Cannon or the J. L. Cannon Company, for the collection of the note sued on. Neither J. L. Cannon nor the J. L. Cannon Company paid the note or had possession of it after they indorsed it to the plaintiff. The plaintiff became a bona fide holder for value of the note before it was due, and the note, after it was transferred to it, remained in its possession and that of the banks through which plaintiff had endeavored to collect the note. This evidence is not disputed, and the plaintiff is entitled to recover on the note. Koen v. Miller,105 Ark. 152, 150 S.W. 411; Taylor v. Oliver, 137 Ark. 515, *Page 168 208 S.W. 595; Exchange National Bank v. Little,111 Ark. 263, 164 S.W. 731; and J. I. Porter Lumber Co. v. Bonner, 172 Ark. 828, 290 S.W. 606.
But it is claimed that J. L. Cannon or the J. L. Cannon Company was the agent of the plaintiff, and that it was bound by its acts. Hence they contend that plaintiff is bound by the agreement of J. L. Cannon with the plaintiff to sell his produce and pay the note out of the proceeds. It is well settled that one dealing with an agent, without inquiring of the principal the extent of his authority, does so at his peril. Pine Bluff Heading Co. v. Bock, 163 Ark. 237, 259 S.W. 408; and Standard Pipe Line Co. v. Haynie Construction Co., 174 Ark. 332,295 S.W. 95. The contract between the plaintiff and the J. L. Cannon Company was in writing. It is somewhat lengthy, and we do not set it out for that reason. It makes the J. L. Cannon Company the agent of the plaintiff to sell fertilizer for it on commission; but, under its terms, the J. L. Cannon Company could only sell for cash. There could be no apparent authority. It is made plain in the last case cited that, to authorize an inference of authority in an agent, it must appear that the thing done or transaction made was necessary in order to promote the duty or carry out the purpose expressly delegated to him. The fact that the plaintiff made the J. L. Cannon Company its agent to sell fertilizer for it on certain terms, in no sense carried with it the implied authority to take notes for the fertilizer payable to J. L. Cannon, and to make an agreement to pay the notes out of the proceeds of produce grown by the buyer of the fertilizer and delivered by him to J. L. Cannon to be sold. The notes were payable to J. L. Cannon, and the contract of plaintiff was made with the J. L. Cannon Company, a corporation.
On this point it is insisted that there is no proof that the J. L. Cannon Company is a corporation and therefore a different person from J. L. Cannon. The credit manager of the plaintiff testified in positive terms *Page 169 that the J. L. Cannon Company was a corporation, and that J. L. Cannon was the secretary-treasurer of it. No attempt was made to contradict his testimony. This evidence was sufficient to show that the J. L. Cannon Company was a corporation. Kelley v. Stern Publishing Novelty Co., 147 Ark. 383, 227 S.W. 609, and cases cited.
There is no question of the ratification of the unauthorized acts of the J. L. Cannon Company presented by the record. The undisputed evidence shows that the J. L. Cannon Company had no authority, real or apparent, to sell the fertilizer of the plaintiff and take notes payable to the order of J. L. Cannon in payment therefor, with an agreement that said notes should be paid out of the proceeds of the sale of produce delivered by the maker to the payee of the note. The undisputed evidence also shows that the plaintiff became the bona fide holder of the note before maturity, and that the note has never been paid. The check given by J. L. Cannon to the cashier of the bank in payment of the note was never paid, and was never received by the bank which held the note for collection in payment of it. The fact that other notes of similar kind were also transferred to the plaintiff does not change the result. Where an agency is created by contract, the nature and extent of the agent's authority must be ascertained from the contract itself, and, unless the language of the contract is technical or ambiguous, it cannot be extended by parol proof of a custom. Ozark-Badger Co. v. Roberts,171 Ark. 1105, 287 S.W. 401.
The result of our views is that the plaintiff was entitled to a directed verdict, and, for the error in not granting his request therefor, the judgment must be reversed; and, inasmuch as the case seems to have been fully developed, the judgment will be entered here in favor of the plaintiff against the defendant for $85.30, with interest thereon at the rate of ten per cent. per annum from March 10, 1926, until paid. It is so ordered. *Page 170