Plaintiff by its complaint alleged the execution by one Barlow to defendant of a promissory note, dated July 8, 1906, payable on demand at Barlow Bragdon's office, interest being provided for in said note. Alleged further that defendant sold, assigned and transferred said note, and indorsed and delivered the same to plaintiff and guaranteed the payment of the same; that on or about November 27, 1907, and repeatedly since said date, plaintiff has demanded *Page 172 the payment of said note, both of the maker and of defendant, but both have refused and still refuse payment. The answer put in issue the allegation of guaranty; denied the demand upon the maker, and denied the notice of dishonor.
The court found in favor of plaintiff upon all the issues, and judgment was rendered in its favor for the unpaid balance due upon said note. From this judgment defendant appeals upon a bill of exceptions. In this bill it is specified that the evidence is insufficient to justify the finding of the guaranty, or of the demand upon the maker, or of the notice of such demand to defendant. The laws of this state making the apparent maturity of a demand note bearing interest one year after its date, the instrument described in the complaint was negotiable. It is not disputed that the indorsement upon the note was in blank. There is no evidence in the record tending to show any contract of guaranty, or a contract other than that created by law on account of the indorsement of negotiable paper. The complaint was sufficient in its allegations as upon a guaranty, but the evidence in the bill of exceptions wholly fails to establish the same. The complaint was insufficient when considered simply as an action against an indorser upon a negotiable instrument, in that it omitted any allegation with reference to presentation at the specified place of payment and notice of dishonor. "The indorser of a negotiable instrument warrants, inter alia, that if the instrument is dishonored he will, upon notice thereof duly given to him, pay the same with interest." (Kinsel v. Ballou, 151 Cal. 754, [91 P. 620]; Civ. Code, sec. 3116) A negotiable instrument is dishonored when it is not paid, on presentment for that purpose. (Civ. Code, sec. 3141) Notice of dishonor, if it be given by mail, must be deposited in the postoffice in time for the first mail which closes after noon of the first business day succeeding the dishonor. (Civ. Code, sec. 3148)
The finding of the court that demand was made upon the maker of the note is not supported by any evidence. While it is true that under our code mere delay in presenting a bill of exchange, payable on demand with interest, does not exonerate any party thereto, and that this section applies to promissory notes as well, nevertheless, demand is necessary upon the maker, and notice of dishonor upon the indorser, in *Page 173 order to fix the liability of the latter. By section 3131, Civil Code, an instrument which specifies a place for its payment must be presented at such place. The only evidence in the record tending to show demand upon the maker is the statement of an officer of plaintiff that demand for payment was made by letter. Copies of these letters were offered in evidence. They were addressed to the maker at a business building in the city of Los Angeles, not shown to have been the place of payment mentioned in the note, and no presentment of the note at that place or any other place was shown. In addition to this, the same officer concedes upon cross-examination that he knew nothing about either the writing or mailing of the letters; simply that the books of the bank contained copies thereof. There is no evidence tending to show any notice of dishonor, unless a demand upon the indorser for payment should be so construed. Section 3143 of our Civil Code, however, provides that the notice of dishonor must inform the party that the instrument has been dishonored. "An indorser's undertaking is not an absolute one. It is conditional; and notice of dishonor is provided for his benefit. It is intended to protect him from loss which may occur by reason of delay in making demand of payment of the maker, or which he may sustain by having no notice of the fact that his principal has failed or refused to pay." (Stanley v. McElrath, 86 Cal. 457, [25 P. 17, 10 L. R. A. 545].) There is nothing in the record indicating that notice of dishonor was excused. The mere demand of payment of the indorser is not notice to him that a like demand has been made upon the maker and payment refused.
Respondent insists that the indorsement of the instrument constituted a guaranty under the authority of Tilden v. GoldyM. Co., 9 Cal.App. 9, [98 P. 39], and the cases there cited. These authorities have to do with instruments not negotiable in their character, and as to which the sections of the Civil Code above cited have no application. Some stress is also laid by respondent upon the fact that there was evidence tending to show that the amount due upon the note was in fact the debt of the indorser, but the complaint averred the purchase of the note, its absolute sale, indorsement and delivery to plaintiff, thus eliminating any claim of liability outside of that arising upon indorsement. *Page 174
On account of the insufficiency of the evidence to support the findings above referred to, all of which were material and necessary in support of the judgment, the judgment is reversed and cause remanded for further proceedings.
Shaw, J., and James, J., concurred.