This is an appeal from an order granting the motion for change of the place of trial. The action was brought in San Joaquin County and there were three defendants. Two of these, F. F. Rhoads and Robert L. Dallas, appeared in the action and filed a demurrer and demanded that the action be transferred to Stanislaus County for trial. In support of their demand they filed an affidavit of merits containing an allegation that each was a resident of said county of Stanislaus, and that the other defendant, S. Leon, was not at the time of the commencement of the action or at any time since a resident of said county of San Joaquin. They also based the motion for the change of venue, as provided in section 395 of the Code of Civil Procedure, upon the ground, "That the said S. Leon, was *Page 100 impliedly joined as a defendant in said action and was made a defendant solely for the purpose of having the action tried where he resides, and that the place of residence of said S. Leon must not and should not be considered in determining the proper county for the trial of the action."
[1] In considering the affidavits used upon the said motion this court is bound by the same rule that controls where oral testimony is presented for review. "If there is any conflict in the affidavits, those in favor of the prevailing party must be taken as true, and the facts stated therein must be considered established." (McKenzie v. Barling, 101 Cal. 462, [36 P. 8];Doak v. Bruson, 152 Cal. 18, [91 P. 1001];Henderson v. Cohen, 10 Cal.App. 585, [102 P. 826].) So considering the affidavits, we must hold that the moving defendants were residents of the county of Stanislaus and that said Leon resided in another county than the one where the action was brought. It was proper, therefore, for the court to grant the motion as contemplated by said section 395, which provides that the action "must be tried in the county in which defendants or some of them reside."
[2] Nor was it necessary for all of the defendants to join in said motion. It is unimportant that defendant Leon may have been willing to have the action tried in said county of San Joaquin. The language of said section requires the action to be tried in the county in which at least some of the defendants reside. The consent of a defendant not residing in the county where the action is brought could not take away from the other defendants who did not reside there the right to have the cause transferred to the county of their residence. To hold otherwise would be a violation of the provisions of section 395 (Wood,Curtis Co. v. Herman Min. Co., 139 Cal. 713, [73 P. 588]. See, also, Ludington Exploration Co. v. La Fortuna Min. Co.,4 Cal.App. 369, [88 P. 290].)
[3] From the allegations of the affidavits the court was also legally justified in concluding that plaintiff had no cause of action against said Leon but that the latter was joined as a defendant solely for the purpose of defeating the right of the other defendants to have the action transferred to the place of their residence. Said section of the code contemplates *Page 101 a case of that kind and respondents seem to have brought themselves within the spirit and letter of the rule. Of course, upon a hearing of this character it is not proper to have a trial of the cause upon its merits. This has been clearly decided and must be deemed settled beyond controversy. The rule, however, does not extend to the point of precluding the real defendants from showing, by affidavits or otherwise, that the plaintiff has actually no cause of action against one of the parties, who was made nominally a defendant but was joined simply for the fraudulent purpose of depriving the real defendants of their right to have the action tried in the place of their residence. If the complaint did not state a cause of action against a defendant who was a resident of the county where the action was brought, it is not disputed that the other defendants could have the action removed for trial to the place of their residence. (McDonald v. California Timber Co.,151 Cal. 159, [90 P. 548].) The same result should follow, if, notwithstanding the sufficiency of the complaint, it can be shown that the claim against the resident defendant is a mere pretense and made only for the purpose of having the action tried in the county where the complaint is filed. If the contention of appellant should prevail, it would enable a plaintiff by fictitiously joining a resident of the county as a defendant with the residents of another county, who are the real defendants in interest, to prevent the latter from having the action tried in the county of their residence. We think it is proper in such proceeding for the court to permit a defendant who is moving for a change of venue to make sufficient showing to convince the court that he, in connection with the plaintiff, is the only real party in interest in the controversy. Of course, the court should exercise a wise discretion in passing upon the question whether the plaintiff has acted fraudulently in joining another party defendant.
[4] We are satisfied that appellant's claim, that the affidavit of merits is insufficient, cannot be upheld. The allegation in that respect is "that I have fully and fairly stated the case in this cause and all the facts of the case in this cause and in the above-entitled action to Frank G. Boone, of Modesto, California, one of my attorneys and counsel, and who is an attorney at law in good standing *Page 102 and licensed to practice in all of the courts of the state of California, and who resides as aforesaid in the city of Modesto, county of Stanislaus, state of California, and that after such statement to my said attorney as aforesaid, I am and was advised by my said attorney and verily believe that I have good and substantial defense on the merits to the said action." That the above is a sufficient compliance with the requirement of the statute clearly appears from Watt v. Bradley, 95 Cal. 415, [30 P. 557], and Nolan v. McDuffie, 125 Cal. 334, [58 P. 4].
We think no sound reason has been advanced for a reversal and the order is, therefore, affirmed.
Prewett, P. J., pro tem., and Hart, J., concurred.
A petition to have the cause heard in the supreme court, after judgment in the district court of appeal, was denied by the supreme court on January 20, 1921.
All the Justices concurred.