This is an appeal from the order of the court denying defendant's motion for a new trial. To the hearing upon the merits respondent interposes the preliminary objection that plaintiff's bill of exceptions was not presented *Page 192 in time. The facts in this regard are the following: Defendant's attorneys had presented their proposed bill of exceptions, and plaintiff's attorneys had presented their proposed amendments thereto in due season. Defendant's attorneys gave notice of the rejection of all of the proposed amendments and named the day and hour at which they would present to the judge for settlement the proposed bill of exceptions and the proposed amendments thereto. One of the plaintiff's attorneys was present at the hour named, but neither of defendant's attorneys appeared. About an hour elapsed, when the judge inquired of the plaintiff's attorney whether the attorneys for the respective parties had conferred in order to dispose of the objections to the proposed amendments as far as possible, and was answered that they had not. The judge then requested that the attorneys of the respective parties meet and settle the bill of exceptions so far as possible and thereafter present the same to the judge. The judge understood the attorney for plaintiff as assenting to that request, but not as waiving any objection to the settlement of the bill. Defendant's attorney, Mr. Scheller, who had charge of the settlement of the bill, was busily engaged, and through inadvertence forgot the matter until two o'clock of the same day, when he went immediately to the courtroom and was informed by the clerk of the court that court was adjourned for the day. He was told also of the request which the judge had made to plaintiff's attorneys, and that plaintiff's attorney, Mr. Veuve, had made no objection thereto. On the same day Mr. Scheller saw Mr. Veuve and asked him when they could take up the settlement of the bill. Mr. Veuve answered that he could not state what could be done in that matter until he had consulted with Mr. Bowden, his associate attorney in the action. Mr. Scheller, relying upon that answer, did not give further notice that the bill and objections to it would be presented to the judge for settlement. Subsequent to this, the attorneys did meet, and disposed of most of the objections to the settlement of the bill without the intervention of the judge, though at this meeting Mr. Veuve objected to the settlement of the bill upon the ground that it had not been presented to the judge or left with the clerk for settlement within the time prescribed by law, Mr. Scheller always contending that such objection had *Page 193 been waived. The judge stated that he regarded it as his duty under the circumstances to settle the bill and did so. At the hearing of the motion for new trial plaintiff's attorney formally objected and moved to dismiss the motion upon the ground above stated. The order of the court in the matter is as follows: "Thereupon said motion is presented to the court and submitted for consideration and decision, and the court being fully informed in the premises now orders that said motion be and the same is hereby denied." This order in legal effect, exculpates the defendant from the consequences of his negligence, whatever that negligence may have consisted of. In fact the negligence itself was of the slightest character. He appeared in court, though tardily, upon the day set in his notice. He was informed of the arrangement which the judge had suggested, that the attorneys should confer, and of the fact that plaintiff's attorney made no objection thereto. He interviewed plaintiff's attorney upon the same day, to fix the time for their conference, and was not then advised that any objection would be made to the settlement, but merely that Mr. Veuve would have to consult with his associate before naming a day. It will be remembered that Mr. Veuve voiced no formal objection before the judge, nor yet to Mr. Scheller, at the time of their interview. His subsequent objection came too late. In Hicks v. Masten, 101 Cal. 651, [36 P. 130], under a similar state of facts this court said: "The time at which the want of notice should have been urged was when the court fixed the time for the settlement and requested him to be present; and his failure to object then, and his assent, implied in the statement that he would be on hand, should have been held a waiver of any other or different notice. Objections of this character should be made at the earliest opportunity, or, at least, when the party is first required to speak in relation to it." It is therefore held that respondent's preliminary objection to the hearing of this appeal is without merit.
The single proposition presented upon the appeal is, Did the court in excluding a certain deposition commit error harmful to appellant's rights? To the better understanding of the court's ruling and of its consequences, the following facts are pertinent. George Y. Bollinger, defendant herein, and David A. Bollinger (plaintiff's father and assignor) were, *Page 194 with others, defendants in an action pending in the superior court of the county of Santa Clara. David had filed an answer and cross-complaint against his co-defendant George. Subsequently he dismissed his cross-complaint. In this action a recovery against George for ten thousand dollars is sought upon the ground that the cross-complaint was dismissed pursuant to an oral agreement between David and George made by way of compromise, to the effect that George would pay ten thousand dollars for dismissal. The evidence upon the trial was sharply conflicting. David and his son John, plaintiff herein, testify to a conversation at which they and the defendant George alone were present, at which the agreement was made. This is squarely denied by George. It was shown on cross-examination of David that while he was contending that George owed him this ten thousand dollars he borrowed from him five hundred and seventy-two dollars, and gave him his promissory note therefor. David could not explain and did not know why he had given the promissory note. There was some testimony to the effect that David had on several occasions asked George for the ten thousand dollars. This again is positively denied by George. George in turn testified that after the dismissal of the cross-complaint a conversation took place at his home at which there were present, David, himself, Hattie E. Bollinger, his wife, and Marian Allen, his wife's mother. George testifies that upon this occasion David said, in the presence and hearing of all, that he had been accused of being bought off for dismissing the case, and that the fact was that he had never got a cent nor ever got the promise of a cent. George's testimony to this effect is corroborated by his wife, and, in turn, is positively denied by David.
So much has been stated to show how sharply conflicting was the evidence and how diametrically opposed were the statements of the interested witnesses. The case presented is one where corroborative or cumulative testimony upon any of the disputed matters must have proved of great value. The testimony of Mrs. Allen in the rejected deposition was that David said to her upon the occasion above referred to, "By the way, I have seen the Pullans. They accuse me of receiving money or going to get money to dismiss the suit. I never have received a cent nor the promise of a cent. I dismissed *Page 195 the suit because I wanted to and I am glad of it." This testimony, if true, amounts to an admission by David that he had no contract or agreement with George, and thus drags down the very foundation of the cause of action here pleaded. If true, the cause of action must fail, saving upon the one theory that in the making of this admission David deliberately lied, and, if so, this circumstance itself is important as affecting the credibility to be given to his testimony. But we need not prolong this consideration. It is all-apparent that the rejected evidence was material and important.
The deposition was taken by virtue of the provisions of sections 2021, subdivision 3, and 2031, 2032, Code of Civil Procedure. The affidavit required by section 2031 had been made. In the copy of the papers served on the plaintiff, the affidavit was set forth and was defective only in this, that the name of no notary or other officer authorized to administer oaths appeared thereon. It did so appear upon the original, and, indisputably, the omission in the copy was but a clerical misprision. Plaintiff's counsel attended at the taking of the deposition, and, after objecting, remained and cross-examined the witness. In behalf of the ruling of the trial court in suppressing the deposition, respondent invokes the rule that the statutes authorizing the taking of depositions are in derogation of the common law, and must be strictly pursued, and that such irregularity as above indicated warrants, if it does not command, the exclusion of the document.
But whatever force may be attached to this proposition in forums where the rules of common law are strictly pursued, it has no force in this state, by virtue of section 4 of the Code of Civil Procedure, which distinctly declares that the rule of the common law that statutes in derogation thereof are to be strictly construed has no application to the Code, and that its and all proceedings under it are to be liberally construed with a view to effect its objects and to promote justice. Even in the federal courts, where the common law furnishes the rules for procedure, and where, as in this state, there is no statute ameliorating its sometimes harsh provisions, it is said, in a case like this: "Being in derogation of the rules of the common law, the formalities prescribed by the act must be observed; and many cases can be found in which such depositions have been rejected, because it did not *Page 196 appear that the required conditions or formalities had been observed. They are all, however, cases in which the party objecting did not attend the cross-examination of the witness, or took no part in it." (Shutte v. Thompson, 15 Wall. 151.) Indeed, it may be set down as the universal rule that where the jurisdictional steps prescribed by the statute for the taking of the deposition have been complied with, and the defect is an irregularity in the form of notice, such a defect is waived and cured by the appearance of the opposing counsel at, and the participation in, the taking of the deposition. Of course, the rule is to the contrary if the error be substantive, going to a failure to comply with any of the prerequisites in obtaining the order for the taking of the deposition. Says 1 Greenleaf on Evidence (16th ed., sec. 163b), "The whole object of the notice being the opportunity to cross-examine, the deposition is receivable if there was actually a cross-examination or an attendance for it, even though the notice was formally defective." And says Jones (3 Jones on Ev., sec. 689): "It is a familiar rule that defects in the notice or in other steps incident to the taking of the deposition may be waived, either by the acts of the parties or by express stipulations. Thus, if a party or his attorney appears and cross-examines a witness, this is a waiver of all defects in the notice or of the fact that no notice has been served. This rule rests upon the ground that, when a person avails himself of the privilege which a notice is designed to give, he ought not to be heard to say that he has had no notice." (See, also, Miller v. McDonald, 13 Wis. 673; Erwin v.Bailey, 123 N.C. 628, [31 S.E. 844]; Long v. Straus, 124 Ind. 84, [24 N.E. 664]; Ryan v. People, 21 Colo. 119, [40 P. 775];Wallingford v. Western Union Tel. Co., 60 S.C. 201, [38 S.E. 443, 629]; Osgood v. Sutherland, 36 Minn. 243, [31 N.W. 211]; Hunt v.Crane, 33 Miss. 669, [69 Am. Dec. 381]; Goodfellow v. Landis, 36 Mo. 168; Kelly v. Ning Yung Benevolent Assoc., 2 Cal.App. 460, [84 P. 321].)
For these reasons the judgment and order appealed from are reversed and the cause remanded.
Henshaw, J., and Angellotti, J., concurred. *Page 197