Suit to quiet title. The defendant alleged an interest in a portion of the lands described in the complaint, by virtue of a deed of trust executed by the plaintiff's grantor to secure an indebtedness to it, and disclaimed as to the remainder of the land described in the complaint. Judgment was rendered against the claim of the plaintiff so far as it extends to the lands in which the defendant claimed an interest, and from this judgment and an order denying a new trial he has appealed.
The land in which the defendant claims an interest is part of a tract which belonged to L.L. Huntley, the father of the plaintiff, who in 1876 said to the plaintiff that he could go upon the land, and if he could make a living there he would give it to him. The place was at that time in possession of one Hall, to whom it had been rented by the father of the plaintiff. After Hall's lease had expired, the plaintiff went upon the land, and thereafter cultivated and improved it and lived upon it a portion of the time. Between August, 1885 and September, 1886, he resided in Lassen county, and in November, 1885, his father executed a mortgage thereon to the Humboldt Savings Loan Society, to secure the payment of three thousand five hundred dollars borrowed by him from that bank. December 13, 1889, the father signed and acknowledged a conveyance of the land to the plaintiff, but the same was not recorded until June, 1891. In the meantime viz., November 10, 1890, his father borrowed from the defendant eight thousand dollars, and as security for its payment executed a deed of trust upon the lands in which the defendant claims an interest, and with a portion of the money so borrowed paid off the mortage to the Humboldt Bank.
1. The court finds that the plaintiff was not the owner of any portion of the land until the 8th of June, 1891. This finding is challenged by the plaintiff upon the claim that the *Page 48 deed from his father was delivered to him at its date, and that he thereupon became the owner of the land. Whether this deed was delivered at its date, or not until the day is was recorded, was a disputed fact before the superior court. The father testified that prior to its date the plaintiff had asked him to make him a deed of the land, so that in case of his (the father's) death he would not lose the land, and that he consented to make the deed upon the condition that it should not be recorded, and that this was agreed to by the plaintiff. He further testified that he signed and acknowledged the deed and left it in the hands of the notary to be delivered to the plaintiff only in case of his death; that it was his understanding and intention, at the time, that the deed was to be delivered only in case of his death; that he so expressed it, and that the notary and the plaintiff heard it and so understood it at the time. The notary was not called as a witness, and, although the plaintiff gave a different version of the transaction, yet, as the court found in accordance with the testimony of the father, it must be accepted as a fact that the deed was not delivered at its date. The only evidence of its subsequent delivery was that of the plaintiff, who testified that he received it from the notary on the day it was recorded. That the deed was not operative to transfer the title from the father until its delivery needs no citation of authority.
2. The claim of the plaintiff that he had acquired title to the land by adverse possession cannot be maintained. His possession thereof was not taken under any claim of title, but was taken with his father's permission, for the purpose of ascertaining whether he could make a living out of it; and there is nothing in the record tending to show that he ever asserted or claimed to hold possession of the land adversely to his father. No claim of this nature was made in the court below, and in his specifications of error and insufficiency of evidence he makes no reference to having acquired a title by adverse possession, but claims that he has been the owner at all times since 1876.
3. The plaintiff further claims that his possession of the land at the time his father executed the deed of trust was notice to the defendant of his claim thereto, and put defendant upon inquiry as to the extent of such claim, and that the *Page 49 defendant took the deed of trust charged with notice of all the facts that such inquiry would have disclosed. If it be conceded that the possession of the plaintiff was such as to charge the defendant with notice of whatever facts an inquiry would have disclosed, it cannot be assumed that such inquiry would have disclosed any other or different facts than those established at the trial herein, viz., that the possession of the plaintiff was with the permission of his father, and that his father still held the legal title to the land, and that the plaintiff would not become the owner until the delivery to him of the deed from his father. The plaintiff did not show any equitable right to the land as against his father. He had paid no consideration for the right of entry upon the land, or for its possession, and, although he had expended certain moneys and labor in improving the land, he testified that he was all the time in the enjoyment of its rents, issues and profits, and it does not appear that for the money and labor thus expended by him he was not thereby fully recompensed. Moreover, whatever equitable right he may have had to enforce a conveyance from his father ceased when his father made the conveyance of December 13, 1889, and thereafter his rights were to be measured by the terms of that transaction and the condition then agreed upon on which the deed was to be delivered to him.
The judgment and order are affirmed.
Van Dyke, J., and Garoutte, J., concurred.
Hearing in Bank denied. *Page 50