An appeal is taken from an order of the superior court, made after judgment had been rendered in favor of the defendants. By said order defendants were enjoined from performing the acts complained of pending a motion for a new trial. There is also an appeal from the order refusing to dissolve this injunction. The one question *Page 517 presented is whether or not the superior court has power to preserve the status of the litigants in this way after judgment and until the motion for a new trial is determined.
The action was by certain property-owners who prayed for an injunction restraining the city of Los Angeles and its board of public works from imposing any penalty for the failure of plaintiffs to pay certain assessments declared against their land for public improvements, or from doing any acts which would interfere with or constitute a cloud upon the title to the property in question. The findings and judgment were all in favor of the defendants and the restraining orders which had been in force during the pendency of the action up to the time of the rendering of judgment were dissolved. A few days later and after the serving and filing of notice of motion for new trial, the court, upon the affidavit and motion of one of the plaintiffs, issued the injunction which became the basis of these appeals.
A question very similar to the one here involved has been recently decided and the leading authorities have been cited and reviewed in the opinion in the case of the City of Pasadena v.Superior Court, 157 Cal. 786, [109 P. 620]. In that case was considered an order made concurrently with the rendition of judgment preserving the status of the parties litigant. In the case at bar several days elapsed between the rendition of judgment and the granting of the order. We must therefore consider the power of the superior court in the matter of the restraining order made after judgment. When this case was before the district court of appeal that court properly construed the order in question as a preservation of the status of the matters in litigation pending the determination of the motion for new trial. As we agree with the reasoning and conclusions reached, we adopt a portion of the opinion of the district court of appeal prepared by Mr. Presiding Justice Allen: —
"In support of the first proposition" (i.e., that the court had lost jurisdiction to issue the injunctional order) "this court is cited to Stoddard v. Superior Court, 108 Cal. 303, [41 P. 278], and Spears v. Mathews, 66 N.Y. 127, in each of which cases it is established that `the court has no power, after judgment has been rendered against a plaintiff and pending an appeal therefrom, to grant an injunction in the same *Page 518 action.' In this case, however, no appeal is shown to be pending; simply an application for a new trial, which is one of the steps recognized under our practice as preliminary to an appeal for certain purposes. It may well be conceded that after an appeal is perfected the trial court is thereby divested of jurisdiction to make any further order affecting or modifying the judgment appealed from, or to make orders the effect of which would be to stay proceedings connected therewith. And it may also be conceded that a court, having once determined the issues in a case and rendered a judgment based upon findings clearly showing that no right to an injunction exists, and by an appropriate order has dissolved a previous restraining order, could not in the same action, in the face of such findings and judgment, grant thereafter an in junctional order the effect of which could only be to revive a restraining order once dissolved and found by the court to have been improperly issued. But none of these things of necessity determines that the action of the court in this instance was erroneous. The name given an order does not necessarily determine its character. The all-controlling factor in determining such character is its effect. While the order herein granted and from which the appeal is taken is termed a `temporary restraining order,' in effect it is but an order preserving the status quo of the matters embraced in the litigation pending the hearing of the motion for a new trial. Our supreme court in construing section 197 of the Practice Act, [Stats. 1851, c. 5], substantially re-enacted in section 664 of the Code of Civil Procedure, determined that under section 197 a motion for a new trial did not stay proceedings, but that the matter of such stay might be regulated by a rule of court, and, in the absence of a rule of court, a party desiring a stay of proceedings pending his motion for a new trial might obtain an order to that effect from the court, which the court has jurisdiction to grant unconditionally or upon terms, according to the circumstances of the case, the matter of such stay being wisely left to the sound discretion of the court. (People v.Loucks, 28 Cal. 70.) The authority of the court to grant a stay seems to be recognized by section 681 of the Code of Civil Procedure. This stay, which by its terms was until the further order of court, must be accepted as extending the stay only for such time as the superior court retained jurisdiction *Page 519 to vacate or modify the judgment. Whatever stay plaintiff would be entitled to have upon appeal must be controlled by the statutes providing for undertakings on appeal and the powers of the appellate court to make an order operating as a supersedeas. We think that pending proceedings leading up to such an appeal the trial court should have the power, in the exercise of a wise discretion, to maintain the status to the end that a party moving for a new trial might, in the event of its determination in his favor, be protected adequately and fully in his rights. To say that a trial court, pending a motion for a new trial upon the ground of newly discovered evidence — in which case often considerable time must elapse in order that affidavits may be prepared and presented and the application for a new trial properly heard — has no authority or jurisdiction to stay the hands of the parties until the determination of such motion, would often violate the principle that for every wrong there is a remedy, and would remove from the power of the trial court the right to fully correct any error which it might subsequently determine had been committed upon the first hearing."
We now come to the consideration of the second ground for reversal urged by appellants. They cite section 526 of the Code of Civil Procedure which provides that an injunction may not be granted "to prevent the execution of a public statute by officers of law for the public benefit," their contention being, of course, that public officers are immune from injunctive restraint while acting under a statute presumably for the public benefit. Proceedings of the kind which the court has restrained in this action are in invitum and the very essence of the litigation is whether or not the steps necessary to acquire jurisdiction were followed by the board of works of the city of Los Angeles in the condemnation of land for street purposes and the apportionment of costs therefor. While the statute is in a sense a public statute and the members of the board of works are public officers, the matters here involved are not the validity of the section of the code or the right of the public officers to act under it, but the court must ultimately determine the sufficiency or insufficiency of the proceedings by virtue of which the city and the board of works claim jurisdiction to assess costs of improvement and to do and perform the other acts contemplated by them. The *Page 520 statute above cited cannot mean that a court of equity may not, in a case like this, stay the hands of these officers until it is determined finally and judicially whether or not they are seeking to deprive citizens of property without due process of law.
The orders are affirmed.
Henshaw, J., Lorigan, J., Shaw, J., Angellotti, J., and Sloss, J., concurred.