This is an application for a writ of prohibition to restrain the superior court of Fresno County from taking any further proceedings in the matter of the settlement of the estate of Jane Davis, deceased. The petitioners are the public administrator of Tulare County and Mary G. Stone, the niece and next of kin of said deceased.
It is claimed that the superior court of Fresno County is without jurisdiction in the matter of said estate, *Page 100 notwithstanding which fact it is asserting jurisdiction, having entertained an application for letters of administration therein, made an order appointing R.D. Chittenden, public administrator of Fresno County, administrator of said estate, issued letters of administration to him, and refused to vacate said letters. There is no controversy as to the material facts. Jane Davis died in the state of New York on September 19, 1904, being at the time of her death a resident of said state of New York. She left estate in various counties of the state of California. On the same day, but after her death, petitioner Dungan, as public administrator of Tulare County, filed with the clerk of the superior court of Tulare County his written petition and application for letters of administration of said estate, in the form and manner prescribed by law, and said clerk thereupon, on the same day, set such petition for hearing by the court and posted the required notices. The petition contained the allegations essential to the jurisdiction of said superior court, including allegations to the effect that the decedent died out of the state, not being a resident of the state, and that a portion of the estate left by her was situate in the county of Tulare. The hearing of said application was continued from time to time, until, on December 24, 1904, after a hearing, an order was made by said superior court, appointing Dungan administrator of said estate, and letters of administration were thereupon issued to him. An appeal has been taken from said order, which is still pending undetermined. The alleged jurisdiction of the Fresno County superior court is based upon proceedings initiated therein by R.D. Chittenden, public administrator, who did not file his petition for letters of administration until September 23, 1904. His petition alleged that the deceased left estate in Fresno County. His application was heard by the court on October 3, 1904, and an order was thereupon made appointing him administrator, and letters of administration issued accordingly.
It is conceded that jurisdiction of proceedings for the settlement of the estate of a deceased person cannot coexist in two superior courts of the state at the same time. "There cannot be two valid administrations at the same time in this state."(Estate of Griffith, 84 Cal. 107, 110, [23 P. 528, 24 P. 381].) When any such court has acquired jurisdiction in such a *Page 101 matter, that jurisdiction is exclusive. (See Woerner on American Law of Administration, sec. 204.) It is provided by our statute that where the decedent died out of the state, not being a resident of the state at the time of his death, such proceedings may be had "in the county in which any part of the estate may be." (Code Civ. Proc., sec. 1294, subd. 3.) Recognizing that such a decedent may leave estate in more than one county, the legislature further provided as follows, viz.: "When the estate of the decedent is in more than one county, he having died out of the state, and not having been a resident thereof at the time of his death, . . . the superior court of that county in which application is first made for letters testamentary or of administration, has exclusive jurisdiction of the settlement of the estate." (Code Civ. Proc., sec. 1295.) It thus appears that although, prior to the making of any application for letters, two or more courts may have concurrent jurisdiction to receive and entertain an application, the county of exclusive jurisdiction for the settlement of the estate is as definitely and precisely fixed by the legislature as it is in the case of a resident of this state, where the exclusive jurisdiction is declared to be the county of which the deceased was a resident at the time of his death. (Code Civ. Proc., sec. 1294, subd. 1.) Here it is in that county containing a portion of his estate "in which application is first made."
The only point made as to the construction of this plain and unambiguous statutory provision is as to the meaning of the words "in which application is first made." When is such an application "made" within the meaning of this provision? In view of our statutory provisions upon the subject (Code Civ. Proc., secs.1371-1379), we are satisfied that the filing of a proper petition with the clerk of a superior court constitutes the making of the application. An application must necessarily precede the hearing. The statute fully prescribes the manner and form for the making of such application. It cannot be oral, but "must be in writing, signed by the applicant or his counsel, and filed with the clerk of the court, stating the facts essential to give the court jurisdiction of the case." (Sec. 1371.) This plainly constituted the making of the application, in the opinion of the framers of the original code, in which both sections 1295 and 1371 *Page 102 were contained in their present form, for the headnote to section 1371 was "Applications, How Made." (See Barnes v. Jones, 51 Cal. 303,306; Sharon v. Sharon, 75 Cal. 1, 16, [16 P. 345].) Thereupon the court to which the petition or application (which words are used synonymously in the statute) is presented must assume jurisdiction thereof, through its designated officer, the clerk of the court, by appointing a time "for the hearing of the application" which has been made, and giving the prescribed notice. (Secs. 1372, 1373.) At the time appointed for the "hearing of such application," or at any time to which such hearing is continued, the court must hear the allegations and proofs. (Secs. 1372, 1375.) Obviously, in the light of these statutory provisions, what takes place at the hearing is not the making of an application, but is the hearing of the application that has, at a previous date, been made in the manner prescribed by statute.
The question is simply one of construction of a statute. It is true that the constitution confers jurisdiction in "all matters of probate" upon the superior court, but this does not mean that all superior courts in the state shall have concurrent jurisdiction in every particular probate matter. The legislature undoubtedly has the right to prescribe by general laws the rules which shall obtain, in determining which of the many superior courts shall exercise the constitutionally conferred jurisdiction in any particular estate. It follows from the above that Tulare County is the county in which application was first made for letters of administration, and that thereby, if any part of the estate of decedent was situate therein, the superior court of that county obtained exclusive jurisdiction of the settlement of said estate.
It is contended that as a matter of fact no part of the estate of decedent was situate in Tulare County. Such contention is not available to respondent here. The petition filed in that county alleged the existence of estate therein, and the question as to the truth of that allegation was one which the Tulare court had exclusive jurisdiction to determine, subject only to review on appeal. While the existence of estate in such county was essential to jurisdiction, it was one of those jurisdictional facts which the Tulare court had to determine from evidence produced before it, and its decision *Page 103 upon that point would be entitled to the same presumption of verity as its decision upon any other point, and could not be collaterally attacked. (In re Eichhoff's Estate, 101 Cal. 600, [36 P. 11].) The case is analogous to those where residence of the deceased within the county is the essential to jurisdiction, and in such cases it is settled that where applications are made in different counties upon conflicting claims as to the fact of residence the superior court of the county in which a petition is first filed has exclusive jurisdiction to determine the question of residence, and that the courts of other counties must abide the determination of that court, which is reviewable only upon appeal. (See Estate of Latour, 140 Cal. 414, 425, [73 P. 1070,74 P. 441]; Estate of Damke, 133 Cal. 430, [65 P. 889];Estate of Griffith, 84 Cal. 107, 110, [23 P. 528, 24 P. 381].) In Estate of Damke, 133 Cal. 430, [65 P. 889], an order of the superior court of Sacramento County appointing an administrator, upon a petition filed two days after the filing of the petition in San Joaquin County, was reversed on the sole ground that the superior court of San Joaquin County had taken jurisdiction of the proceeding prior to the filing of the petition in Sacramento County. The effect of the decisions plainly is that jurisdiction in such matters attaches upon the filing of the first petition to the superior court in which the petition is filed, and continues during the pendency of the proceeding thus instituted, and that this jurisdiction is exclusive, precluding any other court from effectually acting in the matter; in other words, that during the pendency of such proceeding action by any other court is without and in excess of its power. In this connection, we cite the case of Estate ofWorthington, 4 Ohio Dec. 381, where the principles applicable here are fully and learnedly discussed. It is therefore immaterial in this proceeding whether or not, as a matter of fact, there was property of the estate in Tulare County. It is enough that the proceeding instituted therein, upon a petition alleging the existence of such property therein, is still pending.
In the answer and oral argument it was contended that prohibition will not lie, for the reason that there is a plain, speedy, and adequate remedy by appeal. It appears that Dungan made an application for the revocation of the Fresno letters, and has in fact appealed from the order denying his *Page 104 application. Regardless of the question as to whether Dungan could maintain such proceedings for revocation (see Estate ofGriffith, 84 Cal. 107, 110, [23 P. 258, 24 P. 381]), an appeal by him from an order refusing to vacate the letters issued by the superior court of Fresno County does not stay the proceedings in that court nor debar the person to whom letters were granted therein from exercising the powers and performing the duties of administrator. In view of the complications which will necessarily follow the attempted exercise of jurisdiction in this matter by two superior courts, we are of the opinion that it cannot be said that there is a plain, speedy, and adequate remedy in the ordinary course of law. We have no doubt that petitioners have a sufficient beneficial interest to entitle them to maintain this proceeding (see Estate of Damke, 133 Cal. 434, [65 P. 888]), and are of the opinion that the superior court of Fresno County should be restrained from proceeding in the matter of said estate.
Let a writ of prohibition issue directing the superior court of Fresno County to desist and refrain from further proceedings in the matter of the settlement of the estate of Jane Davis, deceased, pending the final determination of the proceeding in the matter of said estate instituted in the superior court of Tulare County on September 19, 1904.
Beatty, C.J., Lorigan, J., Henshaw, J., and McFarland, J., concurred.