The plaintiff, an insurance corporation, instituted this action to compel the defendants to interplead concerning their respective claims to the money due on a policy of insurance issued by plaintiff on the life of one James M. Thompson, which policy was by its terms payable to the defendant Mary R.K. Thompson, surviving wife of the insured. Said James M. Thompson died November 1, 1892. The fund *Page 508 in dispute, four thousand dollars in amount, was paid into court to abide the result of the action, and the plaintiff, by consent of the other parties, was dismissed from the case; Mrs. Thompson disclaimed any interest in the fund; the defendant Miss J.K. Boothe claims the whole sum in virtue of an assignment of the policy and the demand for the money due thereon to her executed by Mrs. Thompson after the death of said insured; the defendants Chapman, Preece, Derby, and the Bank of Napa, who hold judgments against Mrs. Thompson, resist the claims of Miss Boothe and aver that such assignment was in fraud of their rights as creditors of the assignor; they pray that the fund be adjudged subject to the lien of certain executions they have caused to be levied upon the same as a credit of Mrs. Thompson in the hands of the plaintiff. The debts on which said judgments are founded existed at the time of said assignment, but the judgments were recovered subsequently. The court below found as facts, among other things, that the assignment was made by Mrs. Thompson with intent to hinder, delay, and defraud her creditors, and that Miss Boothe paid no consideration therefor; and rendered judgment that the money in dispute be applied, so far as necessary, to satisfy the judgments aforesaid against Mrs. Thompson. Miss Boothe has appealed.
The main effort of appellant is to show that the findings just mentioned were not justified by the evidence. On appeal we must, of course, consider as facts established such reasonable inferences derivable from the evidence as tend to uphold the findings, for it was the province of the trial judge to draw the deductions expressed in the findings, and it is to be assumed that this understanding of the effect of the evidence was correct. Thus viewing the evidence, it was unquestionably sufficient to sustain the finding of fraudulent intent in the mind of Mrs. Thompson at the time of the assignment; it tended to show that she was then insolvent, and had reason to be aware of the fact; that about the same time she took steps to place certain real property beyond the reach of creditors by declaring a homestead thereon; and the complex arrangement she made with Miss Boothe, without legal consideration, as will presently appear, when considered in connection with the other facts mentioned, was itself of a character *Page 509 to induce strong suspicion of fraud. (See Emmons v. Barton,109 Cal. 662, 671; Judson v. Lyford, 84 Cal. 505; Swartz v. Hazlett,8 Cal. 118; Woolridge v. Boardman, 115 Cal. 74.)
The only question of any moment in the case is whether the evidence sustains the finding that Miss Boothe rendered no consideration for the assignment of the policy. If she did not, then she cannot hold the assigned property as against the creditors of the assignor, however ignorant she may have been of the latter's fraudulent intent. (Lee v. Figg, 37 Cal. 328; 99 Am. Dec. 271.) When James M. Thompson died, November 1, 1892, he was indebted to Miss Boothe on a promissory note, then long past due, in the sum of four thousand two hundred dollars, besides interest; on July 23, 1893, the widow, said Mary K. Thompson, wrote a guaranty of payment with her signature thereto on the back of said note, and Miss Boothe then indorsed and delivered the note to Mrs. Thompson. The latter next executed a written declaration of trust, dated July 26, 1893, reciting the transfer of the note to her by Miss Boothe, and stating that she held the same in trust for collection, and to pay the sums collected thereon as follows: To Miss Boothe during her life the interest to be received; and upon her death to pay certain sums to certain third persons mentioned; then to pay the expenses of Miss Boothe's last illness and of her funeral; and to retain any balance for herself. The last provision was afterward changed by the parties to the trust so that the balance was to be retained for the use of two named children of Mrs. Thompson. On August 15, 1893, Mrs. Thompson made to Miss Boothe the assignment of which the respondents complain. At the time of these transactions Mrs. Thompson was executrix of the will of her deceased husband; his estate, the evidence tended to show, was insolvent, but it is not shown that Miss Boothe had knowledge of that fact or of the insolvency of Mrs. Thompson herself.
There is no evidence that Mrs. Thompson was under legal obligation to pay the note of her husband to Miss Boothe; she testified that she had been benefited by the consideration for the same and was morally obliged to pay it; how she was benefited is wholly unexplained, and her moral obligation to pay seems to rest on the circumstance testified by her that she *Page 510 had promised her husband before his death that she would pay it, and the further facts that Miss Boothe is her aunt and is in feeble health. Hence the guaranty of payment of the note by Mrs. Thompson was a gratuity to which Miss Boothe had no legal right and for which she parted with no value. The merely moral obligation which Mrs. Thompson conceived herself to owe was not a sufficient consideration to support the guaranty. (Peek v.Peck, 77 Cal. 106; 11 Am. St. Rep. 244.)
The evidence tended to show that the obligation created by this guaranty was the consideration for the assignment of the insurance policy. Mrs. Thompson testified: "The only consideration for the assignment of this policy to Miss Boothe was the fact that my husband was owing her upon this note, and I had signed [guaranteed] the note." Miss Boothe testified: "The consideration for making that indorsement of the note and the assignment and the declaration of trust, was her honest heart. She [Mrs. Thompson] desired to secure me." As Miss Boothe gave nothing for the guaranty, it is clear that what she received in performance of it cost her nothing.
An attempt is made to show that the transfer of the note by Miss Boothe to Mrs. Thompson in trust was a legal consideration moving to the latter for her guaranty of payment of the note and also the assignment of the policy. The testimony we have quoted was to the effect, however, that the consideration was the supposed moral obligation of Mrs. Thompson to pay her husband's debt. Moreover, by the transfer of the note and by the terms of the trust Miss Boothe parted with the right to collect the note, and Mrs. Thompson became the person entitled to receive and hold the amount due thereon; it is, therefore, evident that the assignment of the policy by Mrs. Thompson to Miss Boothe as a means of enabling the latter to receive the proceeds as payment of that amount on the note was to that extent a departure from the trust and a violation of its provisions; and we are quite unable to perceive how the transfer of the note in trust could be the consideration for another transaction violative of the provisions of the trust. There is an irreconcilable conflict of ideas in such a conception. In any aspect of the evidence we conclude that Miss Boothe gave nothing of value for the assignment, and cannot withhold the proceeds thereof from the creditors of the assignor. *Page 511
Some other findings are assailed for alleged want of evidence to sustain them; we have attentively read the evidence brought up and think it quite sufficient to uphold all the findings which in their turn are necessary to support the judgment. There is no material error in the record, and the judgment and order denying a new trial should be affirmed.
Haynes, C., and Cooper, C., concurred.
For the reasons given in the foregoing opinion the judgment and order denying a new trial are affirmed.
McFarland, J., Temple, J., Henshaw, J.
Hearing in Bank denied.