Mrs. Esther K. Scholl and husband, Raymond S. Scholl, obtained a judgment in the Circuit Court of Broward County Florida against Margaret Ann Super Markets, Inc., in a tort action for the sum of $20,000.00. The judgment in behalf of Esther K. Scholl was for the sum of $18,000.00, while the sum of $2,000.00 was allowed the husband, Raymond S. Scholl for the loss of consortium, money paid or obligated to be paid by him for medicine, hospitalization, nurses and physicians necessary to effect a cure of his wife, Esther K. Scholl. The wife sustained certain injuries as a result of a fall on February 22, 1944, while shopping in the defendant's place of business. *Page 749
Count one of the amended declaration, in part, alleged that Esther K. Scholl was a customer in defendant's grocery store and while passing out the east entrance of the store was required to walk over a wet and slippery tile or cement floor. The slippery condition of the floor was caused by a block of ice negligently left near the passage way of customers leaving the east entrance of the store. The defendant knew or by the exercise of due diligence should have known the slippery condition of the floor and of which condition the plaintiff had no knowledge and slipped on the wet slippery tile floor thereby sustaining permanent injuries. At the time of the fall she was 48 years of age and in good health. As a result of the fall she sustained several injuries to her back rendering her unable to attend to her household duties. She has been confined to her bed a great part of the time and suffered a great deal. She contends her injuries are permanent and she will continue to suffer in the future. Her fall and injuries sustained are the direct result of the negligence of the defendant.
The second count of the amended declaration alleged the relation of husband and wife between Raymond S. Scholl and Esther K. Scholl and as a result of her said injuries Raymond S. Scholl was forced to expend considerable money for medicine, physicians and nurses in order to alleviate the suffering and effect a cure of his wife. In the future he will be obligated to expend other sums and that he has been deprived of the comfort, society and consortium of his said wife, and this condition will continue in the future as said injuries are permanent; and claimed damages in the sum of $5,000.00. The case was submitted to a jury on pleas of not guilty and contributory negligence. During the course of oral argument before this Court it was conceded that the sole question for consideration was whether or not the verdict in sum of $2,000.00 allowed to the husband and the further sum of $18,000.00 allowed to the wife for her injuries were excessive.
The record discloses that Mrs. Scholl at the time of the injury by occupation was a housewife and 48 years of age; the lower part of her backbone was fractured as a result of the fall in the defendant's store, and she suffered considerable pain for approximately fourteen months after the fall. When *Page 750 the case was tried she testified that it was difficult for her to sit through a church service because of pain and suffering due to the injury sustained in the fall. She was operated on during March, 1945, and "improved greatly" and continued to improve up to the date of trial, but stated the end of the spine was "tender." Since the operation she has done her household work. She had some discomfort from the injury when the case was on trial in the lower court.
Dr. Peterson treated Mrs. Scholl and testified that an X-Ray showed a fracture through the fourth segment of the sacrum and as a rule such fractures cause a good deal of pain. In December, 1944, an internal examination was made and the uterus, tubes and ovaries were in normal condition, but the cervix was eroded and the uterus turned back. Thirteen months after the injury, in March, 1945, the cervix was cauterized and the uterus corrected. A misplaced uterus may be caused by a fall or childbirth. She gradually improved thereafter. Fractures of this nature usually heal in three or four months.
Dr. Robinson, called as a witness for the defendant, testified that he examined the plaintiff in February, 1945, and examined the X-Ray and it disclosed an incomplete fracture in that it did not go all the way through the bone. It was the physician's opinion that such a fracture as Mrs. Scholl had should heal in six or eight weeks. The witness examined Mrs. Scholl and found no evidence of the fracture about the end of the backbone as it had healed. The writer has diligently searched the record and has failed to find evidence of a permanent injury on the part of Mrs. Scholl as a result of the fall. There is evidence to support pain and suffering on her part for about fourteen months as a result of the fall. Her operation was performed in March, 1945, and she admits that since then she has done her household work except for heavy lifting and athletic activities.
We have ruled on the excessiveness of verdicts in many cases, some of which are viz:
$6,000 held excessive by $2,000 for permanent injuries to knee and other injuries causing severe suffering and requiring *Page 751 expenditure of large sums for doctors and hospital bills. Florida Motor Lines v. Bradley, 128 Fla. 392, 174 So. 863.
Award of $7,000 for injuries suffered in automobile collision was excessive and reduced by requiring remittitur, where jury had awarded $2,340 on former trial. Nelson v. McMillan,151 Fla. 847, 10 So.2d 565.
Award of $11,000 damages for loss of automobile, loss of previously crippled leg, the ultimate healing of the stub of which was problematical, pain and suffering, medical expenses, cost of an artificial leg, and permanent disability was excessive, and judgment affirmed only upon condition of remittitur of $2,000. Gaynor v. Statum, 151 Fla. 798,10 So.2d 432.
Verdict of $5,000 to 68 year old man, whose earning capacity ranged from $25 to $35 per month, for injuries including right fracture of skull, fracture of right shoulder, sprained ankle and lacerations of right leg, requiring doctor and hospital bills of $261.55, was excessive by $2,000. McDougald v. Imler,153 Fla. 619, 15 So.2d 418.
Verdict for $4,500 for personal injuries, sustained by a housewife 38 years of age, consisting of two fractures of the pelvis and one of the femur of the right hip and which did not result in permanent injuries was excessive. Thrift Cabs v. Herring, 156 Fla. 18, 22 So.2d 259.
$2,500 to woman who suffered dislocation of the coccyx bone, contusion over hip, and who was suffering from hematoma, and who suffered from arthritis not definitely attributed to injury, and who was required to undergo operation for removal of cyst aggravated by shock, and who suffered pain and discomfort nine months after accident and expended $350 for doctor's fees and hospital bills, held not excessive. Dunn Bus Service v. Wise, 140 Fla. 341, 191 So. 509.
$4,000 awarded to woman who suffered injuries consisting of concussion of the brain, deep laceration of the scalp, forehead and chest, and abrasions and contusions on other parts of body, was not excessive. Mansfield v. King, 142 Fla. 650,195 So. 700.
The jury by its verdict fixed the husband's losses as a result of his wife's injuries at the sum of $2,000. The record *Page 752 discloses that the sum of $438.00 was paid for medicine, nurses, doctors, etc., which reduces the amount of the verdict for other losses sustained to the sum of $1,562,00. Mrs. Scholl was injured on February 22, 1944, and as a result thereof was prevented from performing her household duties until March 15, 1945, a period of approximately thirteen months. The testimony of the husband places the time when the wife resumed her household duties at about two months after the operation, and fixes the period of approximately fifteen months in which his wife was disabled. An analysis of the jury's verdict, coupled with the testimony of Mr. Scholl, discloses that the jury places his losses for the services of his wife, consortium and society at approximately $100.00 per month. It is our conclusion that the evidence sustains this finding and the judgment for $2,000.00 therefor is hereby affirmed.
The verdict in the sum of $18,000.00 as assessed by the jury against the defendant below as compensation for all the injuries sustained by the plaintiff in connection with her fall when in the defendant's place of business, in light of the above authorities, cannot here be upheld because of its excessiveness. Our conclusion is that the verdict and judgment in behalf of Mrs. Scholl for $18,000.00 should be reversed for a new trial on the question of the amount of her damages only. The judgment in the sum of $2,000.00 for the husband is affirmed.
Reversed and remanded.
THOMAS, C. J., SEBRING and BARNS, JJ., concur.
TERRELL, BUFORD and ADAMS, JJ., dissent.