It has been repeatedly ruled that a court of equity will not interfere with the internal affairs of a religious organization, when no property rights are involved, for the reason that civil courts have no jurisdiction of such matters and can not take jurisdiction of them, whether they have been adjudicated by the ecclesiastical courts, i. e., church tribunals, or not. Gibson v.Singleton, 149 Ga. 502 (101 S.E. 178); Hall v.Henry, 159 Ga. 80 (124 S.E. 883); McCluskey v.Rakestraw, 164 Ga. 30 (137 S.E. 394).
It is insisted that property rights are here involved, and therefore that the civil courts have jurisdiction, under the principle recognized by the foregoing decisions and the authorities on which they are founded. The basis for the rule that the civil courts possess jurisdiction when property rights are involved is that a court of equity will in a proper case interfere to prevent the diversion of the church property to purposes utterly variant from those for which the organization was formed. Mack v. Kime, 129 Ga. 1 (supra). Equity's aid is thus extended for the protection of a trust. Tucker v.Paulk, 148 Ga. 228 (96 S.E. 339). "Courts are reluctant to interfere in questions affecting the management of the temporalities of a church; but when property is devoted to a specific doctrine or purpose, the courts will prevent it from being diverted from the trust." Code, § 22-408. The Code section just quoted is not authority for the proposition that the civil courts will assume jurisdiction to determine the internal dissensions of a religious group merely because property rights may be involved. It does not so declare. The courts will in a proper case interfere to protect property rights, even though, in doing so, it may be necessary as an incident of such protection to stay the hand of those who claim to be acting under church authority. But unless the case be one where a court would interfere to protect a property right, without regard to its being involved in a church dissension, *Page 407 the court will not assume jurisdiction of the controversy as to the internal affairs of the organization, even though some property be involved.
The reluctance mentioned in the Code section above referred to causes us to pause and to examine the petition in order to ascertain whether or not any facts are alleged to show that any property devoted to a specific doctrine or purpose is being diverted.
The petition asserts that, under the constitution and rules governing this particular church, the pastor and deacons form an executive committee in whom is vested among other things the power to appropriate money; that all officers of the church are elected at congregational meetings, and in no other manner; that there is in said church no such office as "elder;" that nevertheless the three defendants claim to have been appointed by the pastor as elders for life. In one paragraph, it is alleged that such defendants took charge of all money of said church and other property except the real estate, title to which vests in trustees, and the same has been disbursed under their direction and appropriation. In another, it is stated that the defendant A. S. Hufstetler takes charge of all money contributed to the support of the church, and refuses to permit them, as an executive committee, to appropriate such money for the uses of the church in accordance with the constitution and rules of said church. In still another paragraph, it is averred that the defendants are illegally disbursing the money of said church, and that the defendant Hufstetler is paying the same out without any appropriation of the executive committee, and will continue so to do if not restrained and enjoined from so doing. There is nothing here to show that the defendants are spending the money of the church for any illegal purpose, or for objects foreign to its purposes. Hence the averments do not support the theory of any diversion of trust funds. The only other allegation that hints at diversion is in the latter part of the 17th paragraph of the petition, which is in these words: "In this connection, they further show that, by claiming to be elders in said church, they have entirely changed the discipline and church government, . . thereby diverting the church property from the trust to which it has been devoted and the purpose for which said funds were contributed to its building." The fact therein alleged does not support the conclusion stated, to wit, that, by claiming to *Page 408 be elders in said church, etc., they are thereby diverting church property from the trust to which it had been devoted.
The petition does not involve any such property right as takes the case without the general rule that a court of equity will not interfere with the internal affairs of a religious organization.
I am authorized to say that Mr. Justice Wyatt concurs in this dissent.