1. An implied resulting trust may be established by proof of part payment of the purchase-money, by the person claiming the benefit of the trust, at or before the time title is conveyed to another.
2. The allegations of the petition did not show such laches as would bar the action.
3. Where in an equitable petition extraordinary relief is sought, an amendment offered prior to or at an interlocutory hearing, though not positively verified, is sufficient if supported by "other satisfactory proofs."
4. An amendment, which was a mere amplification of the original allegations in the petition, and which detailed with specific averments the nature of the plaintiffs' claim and title, was not subject to the objection that it set forth a new and distinct cause of action.
5. The trial court did not err in overruling the ground of special demurrer dealt with in division 5 of the opinion.
6. The trial court erred in overruling the ground of special demurrer directed at the allegation, "the church . . did reimburse him for said advance."
No. 15747. APRIL 15, 1947. Charles W. Walker and others, suing "as trustees of the Providence Baptist Church," filed an equitable petition against John W. Williams, seeking damages, the cancellation of a deed, an accounting, and an injunction. General and special demurrers were interposed by the defendant. The petition was amended several times; and, after the allowance of the amendments, the *Page 114 original demurrers were renewed and new demurrers were filed to the amendments and to the petition as amended.
The petition, as finally amended, alleged in substance: Providence Baptist Church is the owner of the beneficial interest in described real estate, legal title to which is in the name of the defendant, who, by virtue of the facts alleged, holds title as trustee for the church. Located on the described property is a church and four dwelling houses of stated values. Prior to April 28 1937, the congregation of the church was desirous of obtaining a different location for a church, and a committee was appointed composed of the defendant and others named, with authority to select and purchase in the name of the church a new site for a new church. Pursuant to their appointment, the committee undertook to secure a suitable parcel of land; and after they had located the described land, negotiations were entered into with the owner by the defendant, acting for and on behalf of the committee and the church. These negotiations resulted in an offer by the owner to sell the property for $4300, payable $500 cash, and the balance in seventy-two monthly installments of $62.27 each, commencing May 8, 1937; and this offer was accepted by the defendant and the committee, acting for and on behalf of the church. The church did not have in its treasury the $500 necessary for the cash payment; and, it not being feasible to request the congregation to raise the balance within the time allowed to accept the offer of sale, the defendant agreed with the committee to furnish the difference required, or $105, from his personal fund, under an agreement whereby the church would reimburse him. The church, without demand on the part of the defendant, did reimburse him during the month of May or June, 1937. At the time of the purchase the defendant was the duly elected and acting "chairman of the board of trustees, chairman of the board of deacons, chairman of the building committee, chairman of the committee to select and purchase a site for the new church, and the superintendent of the Sunday school of the church." Because of the position of the defendant in the church, and of the special trust and confidence reposed in him by the congregation, and particularly the trustees, all legal details of the purchase were allowed to be performed by the defendant, for and on behalf of the trustees of the church.
Beginning on May 1, 1937, Wall Realty Company was employed *Page 115 by the defendant to manage and collect the rents from the houses on the property; and from that date until August 22, 1941, the realty company paid to the defendant the net rentals on the property in the aggregate sum of $3051.35, which funds were used by the defendant to pay the purchase-money notes. From August 22, 1941, until the present time, the defendant has collected all rentals from the dwelling houses, which rentals constitute a credit in favor of the church on an accounting between the parties, and the plaintiffs are unable to allege the exact amount of these rentals because the defendant has rendered no statement or accounting to the plaintiffs.
During January, 1940, the defendant, who was a contractor and experienced in the construction of buildings, undertook to superintend the erection of a new church building on the property, and did superintend the construction until the completion of the building in November, 1941. No written contract was entered into between the defendant and the church, but it was understood between the trustees of the church and the defendant that the church would pay to the defendant the costs incurred in the erection of the building. From time to time, as the construction of the church progressed, the defendant reported to the church the costs incurred; and finally, on December 3, 1941, after the completion of the building, the defendant reported to the church conference that the total cost was less than $8000.
During March, 1942, the defendant, while still occupying positions of trust and confidence with the church, executed and delivered to American Savings Bank a deed to secure debt, to secure an indebtedness of $5260, part of this loan being used to liquidate the balance of the purchase-money notes. Prior to the execution of the loan deed, the defendant prepared and executed to himself a quitclaim deed to the property, this deed purportedly being signed by the trustees of the church, but as a matter of fact the deed was signed by the defendant, as chairman of the board of trustees, and by others named who were not then and never have been trustees of the church.
During the fall of 1944, a member of the board of deacons secured the services of an attorney to abstract the title to the property, and the plaintiffs then discovered for the first time the existence of the loan deed to American Savings Bank and the *Page 116 existence of the fraudulent quitclaim deed to the defendant. Upon inquiry being made of the defendant, he paid off the loan deed and secured its cancellation of record.
In August, 1944, the defendant, in writing, informed the pastor of the church that "the debt on the church's property is approximately $3500, which is paid in notes of $60. The major part of this note is taken care of from the rents coming from houses on the church property." Since the date of the original purchase, the defendant has returned the property for taxation in the name of the church. (Copies of the returns were attached as exhibits to the petition.) All records of the costs of construction of the new church, and of the rents collected, and of the payments of the purchase-price, have been kept by the defendant, are in his possession, and the plaintiffs have no records of these various transactions. All of the defendant's acts in connection with the property have been as trustee and agent of the church.
The petition, as last amended, was in two counts, the only material difference between the counts being that the second alleged that there had been no accounting between the parties, and the first alleged that the defendant had reported to the plaintiffs that the balance due him on the church was $3900, which the plaintiffs had tendered to him, and which he had refused to accept.
The trial court overruled the general demurrers, overruled certain special demurrers, and sustained others. The defendant excepted to the overruling of the general and special demurrers. 1. Counsel for all the parties treat the trust sought to be alleged as a resulting trust and not a constructive trust. It will be so dealt with here.
The main insistence of counsel for the plaintiff in error is that the petition failed to state a cause of action because it failed to allege that the "purchase-money was paid either before or at the time of the purchase." In support of this contention counsel cite Hall v. Edwards, 140 Ga. 765 (79 S.E. 852),Houston v. Farley, 146 Ga. 822, 824 (92 S.E. 635), andGales v. Stokeley, 151 Ga. 718 (108 S.E. 34).
The point raised has been adequately dealt with in the recent case of Loggins v. Daves, 201 Ga. 628 (40 S.E.2d 520), where *Page 117 this court said: "In order to set up such an implied resulting trust in favor of one paying the purchase-money where the title is placed in another, it is indispensable that it be shown that the purchase-price was paid by the beneficiary of the trust at or before the time the conveyance was made, or that it be shown, other than by a void parol agreement, that it was the intent and purpose of the parties at the time the conveyance was made that the one claiming the benefit of the trust should pay the purchase-money in conformity with such original intent and purpose of the parties. Such an intent may be established by proof of an initial payment, by the one claiming the benefit of the trust, at or before the time the title is conveyed to another. In such a case, in the absence of satisfactory proof to the contrary, it may be presumed, as the intention of the parties, that the one making such initial payment would complete the payments to protect his equitable title. The language first used by this court in Hall v. Edwards, 140 Ga. 765 (3) (79 S.E. 852), and ofttimes quoted with approval in subsequent cases (Houston v. Farley, 146 Ga. 822, 824, 92 S.E. 635; Gales v. Stokeley, 151 Ga. 718, 108 S.E. 34; Tanner v. Hinson,155 Ga. 838, 850, 118 S.E. 680; Bell v. Bell, 178 Ga. 225,226, 172 S.E. 566; Hurst v. Hurst, 182 Ga. 138,184 S.E. 867), that `A resulting trust, which arises solely from the payment of the purchase-price, is not created, unless the purchase-money is paid either before or at the time of the purchase,' has proper application to implied resulting trusts, where one other than the person taking the legal title improperly seeks such a benefit of such a trust merely because he may subsequently pay or subsequently assume an obligation to pay for the property. In such a case there is nothing to indicate that such subsequent payments were made in accordance with an original understanding had at the time the conveyance was made. In theHall case, and the cases following it, the court therefore correctly ruled that an implied resulting trust which is sought to be established solely by proof of payment of the purchase-money, made subsequently to the time of the purchase, would not alone suffice. In those cases there were no payments except those made subsequently to the purchase, and there was therefore nothing to indicate or establish an understanding that the person claiming the benefit of such a trust was obligated at the time of the purchase to pay for the property, except a void parol agreement. *Page 118 Here, contrary to the facts in those cases, it is shown that the initial payment was made at the time the deed was passed, and that it was paid by the person claiming the benefit of the trust. . . That this court by the language quoted from the Hall case did not intend to hold that an implied resulting trust could not be established by proof of payments made by the person claiming the trust unless the entire purchase-price was thus paid at the time of the conveyance, is indicated by the ruling in Hemphill v. Hemphill, 176 Ga. 585, 590 (168 S.E. 878), where, as here, there was an initial payment by the person claiming the benefit of the trust, and where this court seems to have clearly recognized that the initial payment would support the establishment of the trust, and that the subsequent payments, made in accordance with the original intention and understanding thus established, would establish that portion of her claim. This construction of the Hall case, and the cases following it, appears to be in complete accord with the uniform rule as stated by all textbook writers. See, in this connection, 4 Pomeroy's Equity Jurisprudence, § 1037; Restatement of the Law, Trusts, § 457; 54 Am. Jur. 158, §§ 203, 204; 65 C. J. 371, § 145."
While we do not find in the instant petition an express averment that a part of the purchase-price was paid either before or at the time of the purchase, this allegation is necessarily implied. No reasonable construction can be given the petition other than that the church, prior to the purchase, furnished the sum of $395 of the initial purchase-money and the defendant furnished the balance of $105. "It is a well-settled rule of construction that what is clearly implied is as much a part of a pleading as what is expressed; and considering the instant petition as a whole, we think that the requisite allegation was necessarily implied. . . It is true that a petition, when considered on general demurrer, must be construed most strongly against the pleader, and that in applying this rule the petition should be construed in the light of its omissions as well as its averments. Toney v. Ledford, 184 Ga. 856 (2) (193 S.E. 761); Mackler v. Lahman, 196 Ga. 535 (27 S.E.2d 35). But this does not mean that the petition must be given a strained construction, in violation of its reasonable and necessary intendment." Toler v. Goodin, 200 Ga. 527, 534 (37 S.E.2d 609), and cit. *Page 119
2. Irrespective of whether a general demurrer, on the ground that the petition sets forth no cause of action, is sufficient to raise the defense of laches (Code, §§ 3-712, 37-119), the instant petition did not show such laches as would bar the action. Under the allegations of the petition, the trustee treated the trust as subsisting, and the church had no notice or knowledge of any adverse claim until the fall of 1944. The petition was brought in 1945. No facts are alleged which would make it inequitable to enforce the trust.
The rulings in this and the preceding division of the opinion dispose of the contentions urged with reference to the general demurrers. We find no merit in these contentions.
3. Complaint is made because the court overruled a demurrer to an amendment, the ground of demurrer being that the amendment was not positively verified. The Code, § 81-110, provides: "Petitions for a restraining order, injunction, receiver, or other extraordinary equitable relief shall be verified positively by the petitioner or supported by other satisfactory proofs."
In Bracewell v. Cook, 192 Ga. 678 (16 S.E.2d 432), the court said: "The fact that a petition for injunction is not verified as required by the Code, § 81-110, does not as a matter of law demand its dismissal, but the petition may be retained in court and an injunction granted thereon, where `other satisfactory proofs' are submitted." Dealing with the question of an amendment to an equitable petition seeking extraordinary relief, this court, in Jacobs v. Rittenbaum, 193 Ga. 838 (20 S.E.2d 425), said: "These provisions as to verification and `proofs' relate to preliminaries, such as sanction, filing, and interlocutory hearing, and do not require that an amendment offered on final trial shall be verified." The last-quoted clause, "and do not require that an amendment offered on final trial shall be verified," is not an intimation that all amendments offered prior to the final trial should be dismissed unless positively verified. Clearly, in the use of this language, the court was merely confining its ruling to the one question there presented.
Where extraordinary relief is sought, an amendment offered prior to or at an interlocutory hearing, though not positively verified, is sufficient if supported by "other satisfactory proofs."
The trial court did not err in overruling the demurrer. *Page 120
4. As originally brought, the petition alleged that the "church is the owner" of described realty. An amendment, alleging in substance that the church was the owner of the equitable interest in the property by reason of detailed facts showing title in the defendant as trustee for the church, was not subject to the objection that it set forth a new and distinct cause of action. The amendment was a mere amplification of the original allegations, detailing with specific averments the nature of the plaintiff's claim and title.
5. With reference to the repayment "in May or June, 1937," of the sum advanced by the defendant in making the purchase of the property, the petition alleged: "Plaintiffs are unable to state the exact day of the month because of the fact that at that time defendant Williams was the acting treasurer of said church, and the books and records of his actions and doings as acting treasurer have never been delivered to said church and as far as these plaintiffs know are still in the possession of said defendant Williams." The defendant specially demurred to these allegations upon the ground that the term, "acting treasurer," is too vague and indefinite; that there was no allegation that the "real treasurer" was incapacitated or otherwise incapable of performing his duties; and that there was no allegation as to the time or period the defendant was acting treasurer. The court did not err in overruling this ground of demurrer. In alleging that the defendant was acting treasurer of the church at a certain time, the petition alleged an ultimate fact. Having set forth plain, definite, and traversable facts, the petitioners should not be required to go into useless detail.
6. Concerning the repayment of the advance, the petition alleged: "Following the purchase of the property, the church, without demand on the part of the defendant Williams for payment,did reimburse him for said advance." The defendant specially demurred to this allegation upon the ground that it failed to allege who, or what person, did the paying or made the reimbursement. This ground of demurrer stands upon a somewhat different footing from the one dealt with in the preceding division of the opinion. Since this church is an association of individuals, its transactions must of necessity be carried on through some person or persons acting in its behalf. Having filed an appropriate *Page 121 and timely special demurrer, attacking a material allegation of the petition, the defendant was entitled to know what person or persons the association claimed acted in its behalf. If the charge is untrue, then this information would be of vital importance to the defendant in the adequate preparation of his defense. For these reasons, we think that the court erred in overruling this ground of special demurrer. See, in this connection, Savage v. Western Union Telegraph Co., 198 Ga. 728 (32 S.E.2d 785).
Judgment reversed. All the Justices concur.