1. The court did not err in overruling the defendants' pleas of res judicata.
2. Exception to the allowance of an amendment to a petition can not properly be made in a motion for new trial.
3. The charge of the court complained of in special ground 2 of the motion was authorized under the pleadings and the evidence, and was not error for any reason assigned.
4. The deed complained of in special ground 3 was introduced and allowed in evidence for the purpose of showing that Mahoney, at the time the deed was executed, was president of Woodland Hills Company, and no harmful error as against the defendants is shown by this ground of the motion.
5. The court did not err in sustaining the objection to the question propounded to the plaintiff's attorney, who was a witness in the case, as the question was irrelevant and prejudicial.
6. The court did not err in refusing to direct a verdict for the defendants. It has been repeatedly ruled by this court and the Supreme Court that it is never reversible error to refuse to direct a verdict.
7. When an improper statement or argument to the jury is made by an attorney for one of the parties, it is necessary, in order to make the same a basis for review, that opposing counsel should make objection to such argument or invoke some ruling or instruction by the court with reference thereto. "When an improper argument is made, the adversary must act, if redress is desired; if not, the incident is closed. The adversary may (1) waive by silence; (2) he may request a rebuke by the court; (3) he may request instructions to the jury either at that moment or as a part of the general instructions; or (4) he may move for a mistrial. Possibly other motions may be made or rulings invoked."
8. The court did not err in overruling the defendants' motion for a new trial.
9. The two exceptions to the charge of the court, made by the plaintiff in her bill of exceptions, and as dealt with in division 8 of the opinion, show no error and the same are without merit.
DECIDED JANUARY 11, 1946. REHEARING DENIED FEBRUARY 2, 1946. The allegations of the petition in this case are substantially set out in Coleman v. Woodland Hills Company, 72 Ga. App. 92 (33 S.E.2d 20), and it is not deemed necessary to repeat them here.
The defendants filed separate answers, admitting that Woodland Hills Company was granted a charter on June 23, 1913, and alleging that the charter expired on June 23, 1933, and had not *Page 410 been revived; admitting that the plaintiff, in August, 1942, received a letter from Mahoney's attorney advising her that Mahoney claimed to own the lot in question; and stating that for lack of sufficient information they were unable to admit or deny that H. A. Etheridge had prepared a deed which Clarence E. Mason had signed. The defendants denied all the other allegations set forth in the petition.
The defendants also filed separate special pleas of res judicata, to the effect that the plaintiff had heretofore prayed for specific performance of the same contract, which case had been adjudicated by the trial court, on demurrer, adversely to the plaintiff, and that the judgment of the trial court had been affirmed by the Supreme Court and was conclusive. No copy of the judgment or record in the former case was set out in or attached to the present suit; and, so far as the record shows, no evidence was offered in support of the special pleas. The trial court overruled these special pleas, and each defendant filed exceptions pendente lite to such rulings.
The case proceeded to trial. The jury returned a verdict for the plaintiff for $700 and interest thereon at 7 percent from August 1, 1942.
The defendants made a motion for new trial, and by amendment added seven special grounds. The court overruled the motion, and the defendants excepted and also assign error on the exceptions to the overruling of their special pleas.
In a direct bill of exceptions, the plaintiff assigns error on her exceptions pendente lite, which will be dealt with in the opinion. 1. It is contended by the plaintiffs in error that the court erred in overruling their pleas of res judicata. While no copy of the pleadings or judgment in the former case was set out or attached to the special pleas, it is stated therein that the former suit was one for specific performance, which was an equitable proceeding. The present action is one at law for damages for breach of the contract, an entirely different proceeding. And, so far as this record shows, no evidence was submitted by the defendants (plaintiffs in error here) to sustain their pleas of res judicata. In these circumstances, *Page 411 the court did not err in overruling such pleas. Moreover, it is stated in the decision by the Supreme Court in Coleman v.Woodland Hills, 196 Ga. 626 (27 S.E.2d 226): "Specific performance is not a remedy which either party can demand as a matter of absolute right, and will not in any given case be granted unless strictly equitable and just." It was then held that, where "the petition failed to show the value of the lot so as to enable the court to determine that the contract was fair, just, and not against good conscience, no right to the relief sought was set forth." The judgment was not rendered on the merits of the case, but the action was dismissed because the petition failed to allege the value of the lot. It was ruled inPapworth v. Fitzgerald, 111 Ga. 54 (36 S.E. 311) that, "If in rendering its judgment upon a demurrer to a petition, the court does not decide upon the merits of the case, a judgment sustaining the demurrer and dismissing the action is not a bar to another proceeding for the same cause." This principle was reaffirmed in Revels v. Kilgo, 157 Ga. 39 (121 S.E. 209). "Sound sense, as well as the adjudications of the courts, lay down the rule that the rights of the parties must be actually considered and adjudicated before the former adjudication will bar the subsequent suit. In other words, the merits of the case between the parties must be adjudicated." National Bank ofAugusta v. Southern Porcelain Mfg. Co., 59 Ga. 157, 165;Sparks v. Fort, 29 Ga. App. 531, 536 (116 S.E. 227). The Code, § 110-503, provides: "A former recovery on grounds purely technical, and where the merits were not and could not have been in question, shall not be a bar to a subsequent action brought so as to avoid the objection fatal to the first. For the former judgment to be a bar, the merits of the case shall have been adjudicated." See also Mitchell v. Southern Bell Telephone Telegraph Co., 150 Ga. 46 (102 S.E. 346); Hughes v. Cobb,195 Ga. 213, 230 (23 S.E.2d 701). The court did not err in overruling the pleas of res judicata.
2. Special ground 1 of the motion assigns error on the allowance of an amendment to the plaintiff's petition. Such order or judgment can not legally be excepted to in a motion for a new trial, and the assignment of error can not be considered.Lowery v. Idleson, 117 Ga. 778 (45 S.E. 51); Brown v.Horn, 32 Ga. App. 95 (122 S.E. 710); Edwards v. Otwell,49 Ga. App. 456 *Page 412 (176 S.E. 52); Sterchi Bros. Stores v. Mitchell, 49 Ga. App. 827 (1 b) (176 S.E. 537); Goodman v. Goodman, 45 Ga. App. 846 (166 S.E. 261).
3. Special ground 2 complains that the court erred in giving the following charge to the jury: "She alleges that she is entitled to recover $700, and if she is entitled to recover that sum, you would consider and determine from what date there has occurred a breach, if such, and interest should run only from the date of the breach of contract, and it would be your duty to determine whether or not the breach of contract, if you find that there has been a breach of contract, took place on January 1, 1927, January 1, 1930, or August 1, 1942." It is contended that this charge was argumentative and was not authorized by the evidence. It is alleged in the plaintiff's petition that, "In August, 1942, your petitioner received a letter from R. T. Nesbitt, as attorney for defendant, J. A. Mahoney, notifying her that he (Maheney) claims to own said lot 1 in block 1 of the Woodland Hills plat." This allegation was admitted in the defendants' answers; and the uncontroverted evidence showed that Mahoney notified the plaintiff in August, 1942, that the lot in question had not been conveyed by Woodland Hills Company, and that he owned all the stock of the company and claimed the lot. The charge complained of was authorized under the pleadings and the evidence and was not error for any reason assigned.
4. It is alleged in special ground 3 that the court erred in admitting in evidence a deed from Woodland Hills Company signed by J. A. Mahoney, president, and E. C. Callaway, chairman of the board of directors, dated June 3, 1921, conveying to Mrs. Laurene Coleman certain other lots in the Woodland Hills subdivision. It is contended by the plaintiffs in error that this transaction occurred five or six years prior to the date of the contract sued upon, and that the admission of the deed was prejudicial to the defendants. It was alleged in the petition that Mahoney was president of Woodland Hills Company and E. C. Callaway was chairman of the board. On the trial, Mahoney testified, by depositions, that he did not know whether he was president of Woodland Hills Company in 1926 or 1927, and that he did not know whether he was president at the time E. C. Callaway was chairman of the board. The deed was introduced in evidence for the purpose *Page 413 of showing that Mahoney, at that time, was president of the company. In these circumstances, no harmful error as against the defendants is shown by this ground of the motion.
5. Special ground 4 complains that the court erred in sustaining the objections of the plaintiff's counsel to the following question, which was propounded to H. A. Etheridge, attorney for the plaintiff: "Q. Mr. Etheridge, you have been sued for recovery in similar transactions to this, have you not?" Mr. Etheridge was not a party to the litigation, and the question was not germane but was prejudicial, and the court did not err in sustaining the objections thereto.
6. It is alleged in special ground 5 that at the conclusion of the evidence counsel for the defendants moved the court to direct a verdict in favor of the defendants, and error is assigned upon the refusal to comply with this request. The evidence did not demand a verdict for the defendants. Furthermore, it has been repeatedly ruled by this court and the Supreme Court that it is never reversible error to refuse to direct a verdict. Smith v.Turnipseed, 44 Ga. App. 220 (160 S.E. 877); Bartlett v.Hartridge, 45 Ga. App. 506 (3) (165 S.E. 309); Aronoff v.Woodard, 47 Ga. App. 725 (11) (171 S.E. 404); Coastal NewsCo. v. Jacksonville Paper Co., 66 Ga. App. 227 (17 S.E.2d 760); Ford v. Blackshear Mfg. Co., 140 Ga. 670 (79 S.E. 576); Roberts v. Groover, 161 Ga. 414 (131 S.E. 158).
7. Special grounds 6 and 7, which complain that the court allowed counsel for the plaintiff, in his argument to the jury, to make certain references to the decision of the Supreme Court of this State in another suit and to the decision of this court, in reversing the ruling of the lower court on a demurrer in this case, are insufficient and incomplete, in that neither ground shows that any objection to these statements was raised at the time by counsel for the defendants, by making a motion for a mistrial, or that counsel be rebuked by the court, or by any other objection with respect thereto. It was said in Brooks v.State, 183 Ga. 466 (188 S.E. 711, 108 A.L.R. 752): "When an improper argument is made, the adversary must act, if redress is desired; if not, the incident is closed. The adversary may (1) waive by silence; (2) he may request a rebuke by the court; (3) he may request instructions to the jury either at that moment or as a part of the general *Page 414 instructions; or (4) he may move for a mistrial. Possibly other motions may be made or rulings invoked." See also Smoky MountainStages Inc. v. Wright, 62 Ga. App. 121 (8 S.E.2d 453);Palmer Mfg. Co. v. Drewry, 113 Ga. 366 (2) (38 S.E. 837);Rhodes v. Rogers, 134 Ga. 551 (2) (68 S.E. 323); BankersHealth Life Ins. Co. v. Plumer, 67 Ga. App. 720, 730 (21 S.E.2d, 515).
8. The court did not err in overruling the defendants' motion for new trial.
9. The plaintiff, Mrs. Coleman, in a direct bill of exceptions, assigns error on certain excerpts from the charge of the court. In this respect, it is contended that the judge erred in charging the jury that the plaintiff would be entitled to recover interest on the $700 from the date of the breach of the contract, when he should have charged that the plaintiff would be entitled to recover interest from January 1, 1927, the date when the plaintiff paid the purchase-money. This contention of the plaintiff is incorrect and is without merit, as only a small portion of the purchase-money was paid on January 1, 1927. It is also contended by the plaintiff that the court erred in charging the jury with respect to her claim for attorney's fees against the defendants on the ground that they had been stubbornly litigious, and especially in that the court told the jury: "You have no right to consider that (case) at all (referring to the suit for specific performance). Attorney's fees must be recovered, if at all, upon a basis of the value of the work done in connection with this litigation, whether immediately before or as incident to this litigation, but, nevertheless, as part of this litigation now being determined by you." The court properly instructed the jury on this feature of the case. No error is shown by the exceptions made by the plaintiff, Mrs. Coleman, to the charge of the court, and the same are without merit. A. C.L. R. Co. v. Nellwood Lumber Co., 21 Ga. App. 209, 216 (94 S.E. 86); Randolph v. Merchants c. Loan Co., 58 Ga. App. 566,573 (199 S.E. 549).
Judgment affirmed on both bills of exceptions. Felton andParker, JJ., concur. *Page 415