[EDITORS' NOTE: THIS PAGE CONTAINS HEADNOTES. HEADNOTES ARE NOT AN OFFICIAL PRODUCT OF THE COURT, THEREFORE THEY ARE NOT DISPLAYED.] *Page 507 This suit was brought by a law firm claiming $500 for professional services and $72.55 reimbursement for money paid for the defendant's account. Averring that the defendant was not a resident of the state, the plaintiffs obtained a writ of attachment, by virtue of which the sheriff seized a small tract of land and a lot of drilling machinery, pipe, fittings, etc. An Oklahoma corporation, styled Arkansas Valley Oil Company, filed a petition of intervention or third *Page 508 opposition, claiming the property seized, and praying for dissolution of the attachment. The defendant, Lorenze, who was then in Washington, Pa., was informed of the suit and seizure by letter from the sheriff, and, in reply, wrote a letter to the sheriff, applying some very insulting epithets and making scandalous charges against the plaintiffs. Thereupon they filed a supplemental petition, making the Arkansas Valley Oil Company a party defendant, increasing their claim for attorneys' fees to $2,900, and claiming $5,000 damages for the libelous letter of the defendant, Lorenze. They alleged that two of the five lawsuits in which their professional service was rendered were filed on behalf of the Arkansas Valley Oil Company, and that the company owed the fees, amounting to $1,500, for the two suits. They made the same claim in their answer to the oil company's petition of intervention or third opposition. The defendant, Lorenze, excepted to the jurisdiction of the court, averring that his domicile was at the Rigmaiden Hotel, in Lake Charles, La., and that he was therefore not a nonresident of the state. Evidence was heard on the exception, and it was overruled. Lorenze and the oil company, of which he was president, then filed pleas of misjoinder of parties defendant, which were overruled. Answering the original and the supplemental petition, the defendants denied liability, and, in defense of the charge of libel, Lorenze pleaded that his letter to the sheriff was a privileged communication. The court gave judgment in favor of the plaintiffs and against Lorenze for the $572.55 originally sued for and for $500 damages for libel. At the same time the court gave judgment in favor of the oil company, declaring the company to be the owner of the property attached, and dissolving the writ of attachment. Lorenze was condemned to pay all costs, except those incurred in the attachment of the property, which the plaintiffs *Page 509 were condemned to pay. The plaintiffs have appealed from the judgment, and Lorenze, answering the appeal, prays for dismissal of the suit.
We agree with the district judge that there was no merit in Lorenze's plea to the jurisdiction of the court. It was proven on the trial of the plea that he had no domicile at the Rigmaiden Hotel in Lake Charles, but only stopped there occasionally, as other transient guests did. Besides, he waived his right to plead to the jurisdiction of the court ratione personæ by first asking for and obtaining further time in which to answer the suit, without any protest or reservation whatever.
The pleas of misjoinder of parties defendant were founded upon contradictions or denials of certain allegations of fact contained in the supplemental petition, and were therefore defenses to the suit on its merits. The plaintiffs claimed that the two defendants were liable in solido to the extent of $1,500, because, in their transactions with Lorenze, he sometimes acted for himself and sometimes as president of the oil company, and because the services which they rendered, to the extent of $1,500, inured to the benefit of both defendants. The judge was right, therefore, in overruling the plea of misjoinder of parties defendant, and in thus leaving the question of the oil company's liability to be determined by the final judgment on the merits of the case.
There was no direct evidence offered on the trial of the case as to the ownership of the property attached, except an admission that the title to the land was recorded in the name of the Arkansas Valley Oil Company. Therefore we affirm the decision that the land belonged to the oil company. The record does not disclose whether the movable property seized, consisting of drilling machinery, pipe, fittings, etc., was on the land that was seized or elsewhere. The allegation *Page 510 in the oil company's petition that the company owned the property was verified only by the affidavit of the attorney for the company, and only "to the best of his information, knowledge, and belief, on information received from the president of the company." Considering that Lorenze was the president and controlling stockholder of the company, and was therefore better informed than any one else as to who owned the machinery that was seized, we maintain that the burden was upon him and the company to prove the fact, if it was a fact, that the company owned the movable property seized as his property, as alleged in the petition of intervention or third opposition. There is enough evidence on the subject of Lorenze's transactions to sustain the presumption that he owned the movable property that was seized. The judgment appealed from is therefore wrong in so far as it declares the oil company to be the owner of the movable property seized.
In other respects we find no error in the judgment. The five lawsuits for which the plaintiffs demanded fees amounting to $2,900 in their supplemental petition were the same five lawsuits for which they demanded for their services only $500 in their original petition in this suit. The charge of $500 was entered on the plaintiffs' books, in the account against Lorenze, and appeared in the statements rendered him before and after this suit was filed. There was no justification, or just reason given, for increasing the fees charged for the services rendered in the five suits from $500 to $2,900.
The contention of Lorenze that his letter to the sheriff was a privileged communication is not well founded. The scandalous epithets and accusations against the plaintiffs as to their professional conduct were not at all relevant or pertinent to Lorenze's communication with the sheriff. It is contended in Lorenze's brief that the alleged *Page 511 libel was not published, or made known to any one except the sheriff, until the plaintiffs made it known. We agree with the district judge that the libel was published by Lorenze. He dictated the letter to an amanuensis, in a hotel in Washington, Pa., and mailed it to the sheriff in Crowley, La., without any request to consider the matter as a confidential communication. On the contrary, he wrote to an attorney at law in Crowley, not then employed by him, to read the letter which he had written to the sheriff, and the attorney did read it, as did others. The charges contained in the letter were false and libelous; but the evidence shows that, because of the well-known good character of the plaintiffs, they were not injured at all in the estimation of those who read or heard of the letter. They were greatly humiliated and outraged by the insulting epithets and scandalous charges against them, and were subjected to ridicule by friends who jokingly twitted them about the matter, for all of which annoyance the damages were not assessed too high by the district judge.
Lorenze complains of a defect in the sheriff's return on the writ of attachment and of a defect in the attachment bond. In the sheriff's return it is said that he served the writ of attachment and citation on the front door of the courthouse, which is very much the same as to say that he affixed copies of the documents on the door of the courtroom, as required by article 254 of the Code of Practice, for service on a nonresident. That, however, was of little importance, after Lorenze appeared and asked for, and obtained, further time for answering the suit, and thereby tacitly waived all questions of formality in the method of his being cited. The complaint about the attachment bond is that the line on which the amount should have been stated was left blank, and the liability of the surety was therefore unlimited. *Page 512 The judge's order was for a bond of only $200. Conceding, for sake of argument only, that the failure to limit the amount of the surety's liability in the bond itself was a serious omission, the complaint comes too late. It should have been made in the district court, in a way that would have allowed the plaintiffs an opportunity to correct the error or omission or to furnish a new bond, as provided by the Act 112 of 1916, p. 241. Hurry v. Hurry, 144 La. 877, 81 So. 378; Bilich v. Mathe, 149 La. 484,89 So. 628; Boone v. Boone, 152 La. 208, 92 So. 861; Lampton Realty Co. v. Kerr, 154 La. 843, 98 So. 266.
The judgment appealed from is amended so as to reject the demand of the Arkansas Valley Oil Company to be declared the owner of the movable property attached, so as to maintain the writ of attachment on said movable property, and so as to condemn the defendant, Lorenze, to pay all costs incurred in the district court, except the costs incurred in the seizure of the real estate belonging to the Arkansas Valley Oil Company, which costs only are to be borne by the plaintiffs. As thus amended, the judgment appealed from is affirmed. The Arkansas Valley Oil Company is to pay the costs of this appeal.