The defendant was convicted of possessing intoxicating liquor for beverage purposes. His appeal brings up four bills of exception reserved to the refusal of the trial judge to give four special charges. The charges requested are given hereinafter, and *Page 91 were refused by the trial judge substantially because they were "not responsive to the facts proved on the trial."
I. In his per curiam to one of these bills the trial judge states the facts to be as follows (Tr. 15):
"The liquor was in the house in which defendant and his family resided. The officers carried a party along with them to buy some whisky from the defendant, and entered the house in front. The wife, apparently suspecting what was on foot, put the liquor in the boy's hands and started him [defendant's small son] out the back way to get the liquor out of the way, doubtless supposing that the officers were going to search the premises. As the boy reached the back door of the house he saw the officers, and instead of fleeing from the premises with the liquor, he dashed it out into the back yard and remained in the house. The only possession that could be imputed to the wife and son was that had by them in trying to run the liquor away from the premises. It was in defendant's house and place of abode when they started off with it. * * * The testimony of the defendant that the liquor was not brought to his house by him, or with his knowledge or consent, is simply the time-worn stock excuse of the bootlegger * * * and is simply so much bunk [i.e., sheer nonsense]. * * *"
II. The four special charges requested by the defendant, and refused by the court, were as follows:
"(1) That, where the sheriff finds the wife and son of defendant, at defendant's house, actually in possession of one pint of liquor or less, and at the time the defendant is away from home, then unless there is some affirmative showing that the liquor was there either with defendant's knowledge or consent, defendant cannot be found guilty of the possession of intoxicating liquor for sale for beverage purposes.
"(2) That there must be some affirmative showing that the intoxicating liquor was in the possession of his [defendant's] wife and son with his knowledge and consent before there can be a judgment of guilty.
"(3) That the husband and head of the house is not responsible because of his position for the acts of his wife and son. *Page 92
"(4) That the possession of the wife and son is not the possession of the husband and father, and there must be some evidence, besides conjecture and supposition, to convict the head of the house of guilt on account of the possession of wife and son."
III. There are three reasons why these special charges (which are all substantially the same) were properly refused.
(1) Because they are "not responsive [applicable] to the facts proved on the trial." For the finding of liquor on premises of which defendant has possession and control creates a rebuttable presumption that the liquor was in his possession. 33 Corpus Juris, 744. And the trial judge evidently did not believe the testimony of which defendant offered to rebut the presumption thus created.
(2) Because the charges requested do not involve propositions of law, but propositions bearing on the facts only; to wit, on the sufficiency of the evidence to establish the fact that the liquor was in the possession of the defendant himself, and not in the sole possession of his wife and small son. Cf. State v. Nejin, 140 La. 793, 810, 74 So. 103.
(3) Because to have allowed said charges, bearing as they do upon the weight and effect to be given to the whole evidence adduced in the case, would have been virtually to charge thatcircumstantial evidence will not suffice for a conviction in a case like this, and that such conviction can be secured only bydirect evidence. Which, of course, is unsound; there being but one offense known to the law which cannot be proved without direct evidence, to wit, treason. Const. 1921, art. 19, § 3, p. 118.
Decree. The judgment appealed from is therefore affirmed. *Page 93