The bill in this case was filed by Howard W. Lewis, one of the appellees, and others, against Frank S. Lewis, the appellant, and others, asking for the sale of a farm, lying and being in Harford County, Maryland, composed of two tracts or parcels of land called "Rebecca's Lot" and "Jerusalem," for the purpose of partition among those entitled thereto.
The bill contains the following alleged facts: Joseph H. Lewis, late of Harford County, died in the year 1880, seised and possessed of said lands, which he devised unto Hannah Lewis, for and during her natural life and after her death to his five daughters, Anne Elmira, Olevia J., Eloiza or Eliza S. Lewis, Mary E. Curtiss and Elizabeth Hollingsworth.
Hannah Lewis, his widow, died in 1885. Elizabeth Hollingsworth and her husband and Mary E. Curtis and her husband conveyed their interests in said farm or lands by their respective deeds of April 18th, 1888, and April 9th, 1892, to the said Anne E. and Eliza S. Lewis.
Charles W. and Frank S. Lewis, the appellant, sons of the testator, on the 1st day of May, 1888, conveyed all their rights in said land to their above named sisters, devisees under their father's will.
In the year 1895, Anne E. Lewis departed this life unmarried and without issue, leaving a last will and testament by which she gave and devised to her sister, Eloiza, "for and during her antural life, or until she should marry, all her share of the estate inherited from her parents, the same at her death or marriage to be equally divided between her sisters and brothers or their heirs."
Elizabeth Hollingsworth died in the year 1906 leaving surviving her a husband, Edward Hollingsworth, and one son, Lewis E. Hollingsworth, who with his wife, Alice L. Hollingsworth, were made party defendants to the said bill, and Olevia J. Lewis, who intermarried with Silas Hollingsworth, *Page 603 died intestate about the year 1910, without issue, her husband having pre-deceased her.
In the year 1905, Mary E. Curtiss died, her husband having pre-deceased her, leaving as her children and heirs at law, Dora, Ida, Marion, Eva and Ethel Curtis, all of whom are party defendants to this bill.
Charles W. Lewis departed this life in 1917 intestate, leaving a widow, Anne Lewis, and the following children his only heirs at law: Howard W. Lewis, intermarried with Olevia S. Lewis; C. Morton Lewis, intermarried with Helena G. Lewis; Carroll S. Lewis, intermarried with Ernestine M. Lewis, who are the plaintiffs to this bill; and Eleanor L. Buchanan, intermarried with Auderly B. Buchanan; William L. Lewis, intermarried with Miriam Lewis; and Frank M. Lewis, bachelor; who are defendants to said bill.
Eliza S. Lewis died in January, 1918, unmarried and without issue, leaving a last will and testament by which she devised to her brother, Frank S. Lewis, the appellant, the "Jerusalem Farm," being the farm mentioned in the bill.
The bill then alleges by whom the land was at that time owned, stating the proportion held by each and naming Frank S. Lewis, the appellant, as one of said owners; and concluded with the essential jurisdictional averment that a partition of said land could not be made without material loss and injury to those entitled thereto.
It is shown by the docket entries that the defendants appeared and answered said bill, but the only answer found in the record is that of the appellant, Frank S. Lewis. In his answer he denies that he is a tenant in common with the other parties named in the cause in said lands,
"but that he is the owner in his own right of said property under an agreement entered into about the year 1902 with his sister, Eloiza S. Lewis, acting for herself and her other brothers and sisters, the then owners of said property, by which agreement it was provided that your respondent should rebuild the dwelling upon said property which had recently been destroyed *Page 604 by fire, and that he should therein provide a home for his said sister, Eloiza S. Lewis, and another sister, Olevia J. Hollingsworth, during their respective lives. This in consideration that after the death of both of them it should become his absolute property."
The answer then avers that he did
"rebuild said dwelling which was completed in the year 1903, and he there provided said Eloiza S. Lewis a home where she died in January, 1918," but Olevia J. Hollingsworth, his sister, who is now dead, never availed herself of her right to the home so provided for her.
The alleged agreement, as the answer alleges,
"was not reduced to writing, but was adopted and ratified by words or conduct by all the parties then in interest and through whom the other parties to this cause claim as heirs."
The answer further alleges that he
"fully performed and complied with all the terms and obligations imposed upon him by said agreement, and is now entitled that any naked legal title that may be outstanding of record should be conveyed to him so as to perfect his record title."
It is also alleged in the answer that the
*Page 605"bill of complaint does not correctly state the proportions of interest outstanding of record, according to the proper construction of the instruments therein referred to. In addition, there has since been filed for record the will of Mrs. Olevia J. Hollingsworth (who in the bill is alleged to have died intestate), also a paper writing executed and delivered in the lifetime of said Mrs. Hollingsworth, by which she transferred to said Eloiza S. Lewis all her property. Also there is a deed from Lewis Edward Hollingsworth and wife Ida, Marion, Dora, Eva and Ethel Curtiss to your respondent."
The answer then alleges:
"That in addition to and independent of the facts above set forth, the other parties to this cause are not entitled, as against your respondent, to institute partition proceedings with reference to said property, as he is in possession of said property and has been in possession for about sixteen years as disseizor and not concurrent with said other parties, and that under such facts this case is an attempt to resort to a court of equity to obtain an ejectment instead of through a court of law."
The answer then concludes by denying:
"That said property is not susceptible of partition," stating as a reason therefor that it "consists of about 105 acres, a large portion thereof fronting on a public road, and all the improvements thereon, except the barn and two tenant houses, were erected by your respondent."
Exceptions were first filed to this answer, but they were subsequently withdrawn and a general replication filed. Leave was obtained to take testimony upon the issues framed, and testimony was taken thereunder; but before the plaintiff had concluded his testimony, the defendant, Frank S. Lewis, filed a petition in which he recites the filing of the bill, and the allegations and denials of the answer and in said petition alleged:
*Page 606"That said answer, together with the testimony heretofore taken in this cause, shows that he together with those under whom he claims have been in adverse possession thereof for more than twenty years," and therefore charges that the court was without jurisdiction "to order a partition or a sale for the purpose of partition where the party in possession denies the title of the other parties to the proceeding, but claims title by adverse possession, leaving such questions to be determined by a court of law."
The petition also alleges:
"That in addition to said claim of adverse possession your petitioner, by way of defense, relies, together with other defenses, upon estoppel and acquiescence on the part of the other parties to these proceedings and those through whom they claim, to support which will require a great amount of testimony at a very heavy cost in money in addition to the time and labor involved, all of which will be unjustified, if, as your petitioner is advised, the proceeding would have to be dismissed or suspended at the hearing to await appropriate proceedings in a court of law."
The petition concludes with a prayer to the Court asking it
"to pass an order suspending all further proceedings in this cause unless the other parties to these proceedings shall within a reasonable time, to be determined by this court, establish their title as tenants in common of said property with right to possession by appropriate proceedings in a court of law."
To this petition a demurrer was filed, which was sustained by the Court. It is from the order sustaining that demurrer that this appeal is taken.
The question here presented was raised in Barron v.Zimmerman, 117 Md. 296. In that case, Elizabeth R. Bitner died, intestate, without issue, seised and possessed of certain lands. The appellant filed a bill to sell the same for the purpose of partition among those entitled, alleging that he was one of her heirs at law, a son of a deceased sister, and that the land sought to be sold descended to himself and the defendant heirs as tenants in common. It did not appear affirmatively upon the bill that the appellant was an illegitimate, but this fact was averred in the answer and shown by the evidence without dispute.
The appellees questioned the jurisdiction of the Court to entertain the proceedings upon the ground that a court of *Page 607 law was the proper tribunal in which to have determined the question of the appellant's title to the land, which was denied by the appellees because of his illegitimacy. The objection in that case, as in this, was based upon the language used in the opinion of the Court in Savary v. DaCamara, 60 Md. 139, where the Court said "a bill for partition cannot be made to serve as an action of ejectment and is not designed to settle adverse rights but only to subserve the convenience of those whose interest in the subject matter are concerned. * * * The object of the bill is to secure and sell for the benefit of those assumed to be the owners of the property; and the defendants who are, or ought to be, those conceded to have a common or concurrent interest are really summoned, not to litigate a denial of their title, but as jointly interested, to be heard upon the prayer of the bill to sell, instead of divide, the property, as being the most advantageous to all concerned."
JUDGE URNER, speaking for this Court in Barron v.Zimmerman, said the above quoted expressions from Savary v.DaCamara "were employed in the course of an opinion disposing of a demurrer to a bill of review. The decree which the bill sought to have reviewed had been passed in a proceeding instituted for the sale of the real estate of a decedent by persons claiming to be his heirs at law on the maternal side and alleging that he left no known heirs on the part of his father. An order of publication, however, was prayed for and issued against the `unknown heirs' on the paternal side. The property was subsequently decreed to be sold, and while the proceeds were awaiting distribution the bill of review referred to was filed by parties who claimed to be heirs of the decedent on the part of his father and who alleged their previous ignorance of the partition proceeding and of their interest in the estate. They prayed that the proceedings be reopened and that an opportunity be given them to prove their relationship. In this state of the case the sole question considered upon the demurrer to the bill of review was whether the plaintiffs in that bill, conceding them to be heirs *Page 608 of the decedent in the paternal line and hence entitled in the first instance to his property, were not concluded by the decree of sale, the order of publication and the evidence adduced in the partition suit. It was held that they were not so concluded because the maternal heirs, having no interest where there were paternal heirs in existence, as the demurrer admitted, had no more right to maintain a suit for the sale of the property than absolute strangers, and because the order of publication, having been directed against a class of persons who would have a title paramount to and not concurrent with that claimed by the plaintiff in the proceeding, could not support the jurisdiction of the court for the purpose contemplated. The effect of the decision was that the court was not authorized to entertain a bill for partition filed by those claiming as heirs in the maternal line against those who would be entitled, if at all, as heirs on the part of the father, because upon the face of such a bill the want of jurisdiction is apparent.
"In the case before us no such difficulty exists. The allegations of the bill disclose no ground upon which the jurisdiction of the court can be questioned. The interest which the plaintiff claims is not superior to, but is in common with, the interest which he concedes to the defendants. He has filed his bill in strict conformity to the Code provision that the court may decree a partition or sale of lands upon the bill or petition of any concurrent owner. Article 16, § 129.
"In such suits as the present the test of the court's jurisdiction is whether a demurrer would lie to the bill.Scarlett v. Robinson, 112 Md. 207; Hamilton v. Traber,78 Md. 28; Johnson v. Hoover, 75 Md. 486; Slingluff v.Stanley, 66 Md. 225. It is evident here that the bill is not demurrable, and we see no reason to hold that the court should be divested of the jurisdiction it has acquired merely because the answer and the proof deny the plaintiff's legitimacy. If such a denial were sufficient to oust the court of the jurisdiction which the bill has conferred, the same result would be produced *Page 609 whether the objection were well founded or fictitious, and a court of equity could proceed in no case of this character where the plaintiff's rights are disputed by any of the defendants. As the present bill contains all the essential jurisdictional averments, and as the issue raised in the answer as to the plaintiff's legitimacy was relevant to the subject-matter to which the jurisdiction of the court below had attached, we think the court was fully authorized to hear and determine the question."
In Eureka Life Insurance Co. v. Geis, 121 Md. 196, Ann C. Hammond devised the lands, sought by the bill in that case to be sold for the purpose of partition, unto her son, Rezin W. Hammond, for and during his natural life, and after his death to his children equally, share and share alike, but should no child or descendants be living at the time of his death, then said lands were to go and vest absolutely in the "right heirs of the testatrix."
Rezin W. Hammond died leaving surviving him three sisters and the children of a deceased brother, also an adopted child, Beulah E.B. Hammond. After the death of Rezin W. Hammond a bill was filed by his sisters against the widow and children of his deceased brother and Beulah E.B. Hammond, his adopted child, but in the bill it was denied that Beulah E.B. Hammond, his adopted daughter, was entitled to any right or interest in said lands. but she was made a party thereto in order to have determined her rights, if any, in said lands as the adopted daughter of Rezin W. Hammond.
The question there presented was, did the court in that proceeding have jurisdiction to determine whether Beulah E.B. Hammond took under the will of Ann C. Hammond as the child of Rezin W. Hammond. The case of Savary v. Da Camara was also cited in that case in support of the contention that the court was without jurisdiction to determine the question raised. Nevertheless we there held that it had power and authority to decide the question so presented. *Page 610
The decisions in the cases of Barron v. Zimmerman andEureka Life Insurance Co. v. Geis, from which we have quoted, are controlling in the case before us, and the questions here presented were proper questions to be determined in these proceedings.
In the defense made by the answer — that the other parties to the proceeding had no interest in said land, but that the same was owned by the defendant in his own right by virtue of an agreement made with one of his sisters acting for and on behalf of the others and ratified by them — the claim is made that "any naked legal title that may be outstanding of record should be conveyed to him (under the agrement so made) so as to perfect his record title." To enforce this claim, a court of equity alone has jurisdiction.
The defense that the appellant had been in possession of said land as disseisor for about sixteen years does not support the appellant's claim of title thereto by adverse possession, though the effect of such possession, if any, in respect to the right of the plaintiffs to the relief sought by the bill was a matter that the court was fully empowered to consider and pass upon. The other defenses, we think, need not be discussed.
The action of the court was correct in refusing to suspend the proceedings and to require the plaintiffs to the bill to go into a court of law to have determined the question of title raised by the appellant. We will, therefore, affirm its order sustaining the demurrer to the petition filed.
Order affirmed and cause remanded, with costs to theappellees. *Page 611