Plaintiffs appeal from a decree dismissing their bill for specific performance of an oral contract for the sale and exchange of interests in land. Defendants Harry Voss and wife were the owners of a house and lot at 371 Broadway, Muskegon Heights, Michigan. The property was incumbered with a first mortgage for $1,700 executed to a building and loan association on which defendants were obligated to pay $25 per month. On December 16, 1938, they listed it for sale with A.C. Hansen, a broker, and signed an agreement which stated that the sale price was to be "the sum of $2,800 on the following terms: $1,700 first mtg., $1,100 cash bal. Bal. of mtg. payable at $25 per month," et cetera. The agreement also provided that in the event of an exchange of property, the broker was to be permitted to represent and receive compensation from both parties to the transaction.
Plaintiffs Policha and wife were assignees of the vendee's interest in a contract for the purchase of a house and lot on Clinton street, Muskegon Heights, title to which was in the Reconstruction Finance Corporation. They also had sold the property on a subcontract to third parties. The amount of their equity in their subcontract of sale, after deducting the sum due their vendor, was approximately $1,200. Plaintiffs learned of defendants' willingness to sell through an advertisement of the broker and they made an oral offer to defendants through the broker to turn over their equity of $1,200 in lieu of the cash payment as provided in the listing agreement. As far as the record shows, nothing further was said in regard to the terms of the $1,700 mortgage. The offer appears to have been accepted orally.
The deal could not be consummated immediately for it was necessary to send to the Reconstruction Finance Corporation for the abstract on plaintiffs' *Page 497 property. A few days after the offer of plaintiffs was submitted to defendants through the broker, defendant Voss went to the Clinton street property and collected from plaintiffs' vendee $40 to apply on the contract, and about a month later he collected $40 for the January, 1939, payment. In the meantime, when Mrs. Voss went to collect the rent from the tenant of the Broadway property, she was informed that Mr. Policha had already collected it. While she seemed not to understand why Mr. Policha did so, she returned shortly thereafter and told the tenant that from then on the rent should be paid to Mr. Policha. Soon after these events, the Polichas moved into the Clinton street property.
It is claimed that defendants verbally accepted the proposition submitted by the broker, but on the condition that plaintiffs pay his commission, which amounted to $100. Plaintiffs paid this commission and, in addition, paid the broker $13.97 interest due on the Clinton street contract. They also gave him the sum of $25, the payment due on the mortgage to the building and loan association to which he made the payment.
The parties disagreed on the question of the liability on the mortgage. Defendants claimed that a condition of the exchange was that they were to be released from their liability on the mortgage. It appears that the building and loan association was not satisfied with the credit report on plaintiffs and insisted upon the primary liability of defendants. The record shows that an effort was made to circumvent this difficulty by the broker's attempt to make himself liable on the mortgage in addition to the secondary liability of the new purchasers, and the parties had some discussion as to how defendants would be protected by a return of the property in case they were compelled to pay the mortgage. *Page 498 Plaintiffs executed assignments of their interest in the land contract and a quitclaim deed and submitted them to the broker who prepared a warranty deed for the Broadway property which was never executed by defendants. After the abstract had been submitted to defendants' attorney, they refused to go ahead with the deal.
There was no writing to express the terms of the exchange. The authority to the broker did not cover the agreement for exchange as between the parties to this action, but merely satisfied the requirement that contracts for the payment of commissions on the sale of real estate be in writing. 3 Comp. Laws 1929, § 13413 (Stat. Ann. § 26.908), provides that "every contract * * * for the sale of any lands, or any interest in lands, shall be void, unless the contract, or some note or memorandum thereof be in writing, and signed by the party by whom the * * * sale is to be made, or by some person thereunto by him lawfully authorized in writing."
Plaintiffs invoke 3 Comp. Laws 1929, § 13415 (Stat. Ann. § 26.910), which provides that
"Nothing in this chapter contained shall be construed to abridge the powers of the court of chancery to compel the specific performance of agreements, in cases of part performance of such agreements."
Specific performance is not decreed as of right by showing that an oral contract has been partly performed. The remedy is a matter of discretion and depends on the judgment of the court after a careful examination of all the circumstances. Equity acts in the cases of part performance to prevent the perpetration of a fraud by the party who accepts benefits under a parol agreement and then seeks to resist its completion by pleading the *Page 499 statute. Range v. Davison, 242 Mich. 73; Windiate v. Leland,246 Mich. 659; Harmon v. Muirhead, 247 Mich. 614;Woods v. Johnson, 266 Mich. 172. While it appears that defendants reneged their agreement after the exchange of the properties, we cannot say that the trial judge was in error in concluding that the facts did not reveal such fraud as would warrant the intervention of a court of equity. In Wisconsin Michigan R. Co. v. McKenna, 139 Mich. 43, it was held that:
"The mere putting a vendee in possession is not sufficient to give a right to specific performance. It is not equities arising out of the contract, but equities based upon what has been done by way of executing it, and in reliance upon it by the acquiescence of the other party, that courts of equity act upon in such cases."
The trial judge did not exceed the bounds of a fair discretion when he dismissed the bill "without prejudice to the rights of the parties to respective actions at law for recovery of money involved * * * and for rent."
It is contended that if the case was brought on the wrong side of the court, it should have been transferred to the proper side instead of being dismissed, in accordance with 3 Comp. Laws 1929, § 14008 (Stat. Ann. § 27.652). No motion to transfer the cause was made by either party in the court below.
The case is affirmed, without prejudice to the rights of the parties to make proper application to transfer the case to the law side of the court. Costs to defendants.
BUSHNELL, C.J., and SHARPE, POTTER, CHANDLER, NORTH, McALLISTER, and WIEST, JJ., concurred. *Page 500