The plaintiffs are dress manufacturers, doing business under the name of the San Toy Flapper Company of New York city. The defendant is a dealer in ladies' clothes at Flint, Michigan. On August 9, 1923, the defendant ordered of the plaintiffs, from sample, 34 dresses which they were to manufacture and ship "as ready." On this order 19 dresses were shipped. The defendant accepted 4 of them and returned the balance, claiming that they were not according to sample. The plaintiffs declined to *Page 414 receive the rejected dresses when they were returned by the express company, and refused to make further shipments. In payment of the 4 dresses the defendant sent his check for $61.64, which the plaintiff refused. This suit was brought to recover the price of the 19 dresses shipped. The plaintiffs were given a verdict and judgment. The defendant has brought error.
Complaint is made of the ruling of the court in excluding the testimony of David Goodman, a witness called by the defendant, for the purpose of showing that the dresses rejected were not according to sample in quality. David Goodman was a brother of the defendant. He had worked in the store for seven years. His business in part was to receive shipments, examine the merchandise and put it in stock. He received and examined the goods in question. On direct-examination he was asked:
"Q. What condition did you find the merchandise to be in?
"Mr. McTaggart: I object to that.
"The Court: Sustain the objection unless he saw the samples.
"Q. Describe the nature and quality of the material?
"Mr. McTaggart: Just a minute.
"The Court: Sustain it. It isn't competent testimony unless he saw the sample.
"Q. It has been testified here that certain dresses from those shipments were kept by you and others were sent back, do you remember that?
"A. I do, sir.
"Q. Was there a difference in quality between the shipments you kept and those you sent back?
"Mr. McTaggart: I object to it as immaterial.
"The Court: The same ruling. This witness can't swear or any other witness who didn't compare these goods with the samples.
"Mr. Ryan: The point is this, if the court please, here is a man familiar with the grade and quality of silk.
"The Court: Where are the samples upon which he *Page 415 bought, we don't know if it was high grade or low grade or what it was.
"Mr. Ryan: The testimony shows by Phil E. Goodman that the samples were of superior quality.
"The Court: This witness can't testify to what Phil E. Goodman knows. Sustain the objection. You can bring in 50 men, who never saw the sample, if they wanted to swear to that.
"Q. Can you identify or define the fabric contained in those goods?
"Mr. McTaggart: Object to it as incompetent.
"The Court: Sustain it.
"Mr. Ryan: The testimony of Phil E. Goodman was to the effect that the samples were of a flat silk crepe, and that the goods as delivered were crepe de chine.
"Q. Can you state whether or not the goods you examined as delivered were crepe de chine?
"Mr. McTaggart: Object to it as immaterial.
"The Court: Sustain it."
The court erred in excluding this testimony. The only question in dispute was whether the goods shipped were equal to the sample in quality and workmanship. Not having seen the sample, this witness probably was not competent to testify as to a difference in workmanship, but he was competent to testify as to the quality of the silk in the goods which he examined. It had been established by undisputed testimony that the samples were of a superior quality of silk known as flat crepe, and it was claimed by the defendant that the dresses rejected were made of a flimsy light weight silk, known as crepe de chine. The witness David Goodman was familiar with the grade and quality of silk. Without seeing the samples he was competent to testify whether the goods shipped were made of flat crepe or crepe de chine. The court should have received his testimony.
Objection is made to that portion of the judge's charge wherein he said that the title to these goods passed to the defendant when the plaintiffs delivered them to the express company in New York city; that *Page 416 they then became the property of the defendant and that the plaintiffs could not thereafter claim them. Under the circumstances of this case this instruction was erroneous. The title did not pass on delivery to the carrier, if the goods were not of the kind and quality ordered. Struthers-ZieglerCooperage Co. v. Farmers Manfg. Co., 233 Mich. 298. However, we think the jury was not misled by this instruction, because elsewhere in the charge the court properly explained to them the defendant's right to reject any dresses that were not according to contract.
The record presents no other questions that may arise on a new trial.
The judgment is reversed because the court erroneously excluded the testimony of David Goodman. A new trial is granted. The defendant will have costs.
BIRD, C.J., and SHARPE, SNOW, STEERE, FELLOWS, WIEST, and CLARK, JJ., concurred. *Page 417