This is a proceeding by information in the nature of a quowarranto. The information was filed by the Prosecuting Attorney of Clark County, at the relation of certain parties claiming a special interest, against the Mississippi and Fox River Drainage District and the individuals composing its board of supervisors, alleging in substance that they were claiming and exercising the rights, privileges and franchises of an incorporated drainage district without any warrant, charter or grant, and praying that they be required to show by what authority they claimed to have and use such rights, privileges and franchises.
The answer averred that the Mississippi and Fox River Drainage District was duly incorporated October 8, 1915, by a decree of the Clark County Circuit Court and that thereafter the individual defendants had been duly elected as its supervisors. The proceedings in the circuit court culminating in the decree were set out at length. Other matters were pleaded by way of estoppel, but we deem it unnecessary to consider them in view of the conclusions we have reached as to the principal questions involved. Assuming the burden of proof the defendants undertook to show a valid incorporation under the Act of 1913, providing for the organization of drainage districts by circuit courts. Pursuant to this purpose they introduced in evidence the record of the proceedings had in the Circuit Court of Clark County, entitled, "In re the petition for Incorporation of Mississippi and Fox River Drainage District." From this it appears: *Page 704
On June 16, 1915, articles of association, purporting to have been signed by the owners of a majority of the acreage of a contiguous body of swamp, wet and overflowed lands, and lands subject to overflow, in Clark County, and praying that the same and other property therein described be declared a drainage district under the Act of 1913, were filed with the circuit clerk of said county. Without setting out either the tenor or the substance of the articles, it is sufficient to say that they in all respects conformed to the requirements of Section 2 of the act, now Section 4378, Revised Statutes 1919. The body of land therein described consisted of 11,494 acres of which the signers claimed to own 7,377 acres.
Immediately upon the filing of the articles of association the clerk in whose office they were filed gave due notice thereof by publication as provided by Section 3 of the act (Sec. 4379, R.S. 1919).
On or before the first day of the next succeeding term of the Circuit Court for Clark County, which began August 2, 1915, numerous owners of lands within the proposed district filed objections. On the convening of the court at that term a number of the signers of the articles of association also appeared and asked leave to withdraw their names therefrom on the ground that they had signed under a misapprehension. It does not appear, however, that a majority of the petitioners consented to a dismissal of the cause as to them, nor that the same was so dismissed by the court.
Pending the hearing, and on August 12, 1915, the petitioners filed amended articles of association. In the amended articles the descriptions of some of the parcels of land in the proposed district were made more definite, and there were two or three changes as to minor ownerships, but there was no substantial departure from the original articles of association. The names of all the signers of the original petition were appended to the amended articles, but they were subscribed thereto by the "attorneys for the petitioners" and the pleading so showed on its face. *Page 705
C.T. Llewellyn and John Acklie et al., objectors, filed demurrers to the amended articles of association on the ground principally that the articles disclosed on their face that they had not been signed by the landowners personally, and W.T. Tucker and thirteen others of the original petitioners moved to strike the amended articles from the files because their names had been signed thereto by counsel without any authority so to do. With reference to the action of the court on the two demurrers the record is contradictory. An entry as of date August 19, 1915, recites that "the court sustained said motion to strike filed by W.J. Tucker et al. and the said demurrer filed by C.T. Llewellyn and John Acklie et al." The decree of incorporation subsequently entered, however, recites that on the 19th day of August, 1915, the court overruled "all objections and motions and demurrers so filed by each and every and all objectors," but that the court on that date sustained the "demurrer" of W.J. Tucker et al., on the ground that they had not authorized their names to be signed to the amended articles. During the same term of court and on the 28th day of September, 1915, T.L. Montgomery and John M. Dawson as "attorneys for petitioners" filed a motion to set aside "the order sustaining the demurrer filed by objectors herein on the 19th day of August, 1915." The grounds of the motion, however, were addressed solely to the action of the court sustaining the motion of W.J. Tucker et al., a minority of the petitioners, to strike the amended articles of association from the files. A record entry of date, September 29, 1915, recites: "This cause coming on to be heard upon the motion to set aside the order of the court sustaining the demurrer of W.J. Tucker et al., that they be not considered as signers to the amended petition and articles of association, and the court having seen and heard said motion . . . doth sustain same, and the order sustaining said demurrer on the 19th day of August, 1915, is vacated and set aside and for naught held." The recitals of the decree of incorporation with respect to the same matter *Page 706 are as follows: "The following named petitioners and subscribing landowners filed a motion and a demurrer to said amended petition requesting that their names be stricken from said amended petition for the reason that they did not authorize same to be signed to said amended petition. The said parties are as follows, to-wit: W.J. Tucker, Frank Shaw, A.L. and R.M. Vandevert, J.F. Fox, J.W. Hoewing, Frank Hoewing, Harry Hoewing, Albert Koeber, Otto Koeber, and the court sustained said demurrer on said 19th day of August, 1915, and afterwards on the 29th day of September, at the same term of court, upon motion of the petitioners, set the same aside for the purpose of permitting the petitioners to dismiss this proceeding as to the above named parties."
After the order of August 19, 1915, had been set aside, the petitioners, that is, a majority of the original subscribers to the articles of association, with leave of court, dismissed the proceeding as to the seceding petitioners named in the preceding paragraph and as to their lands. At the same time with further leave they dismissed as to certain parcels of the lands of a number of the objectors, and changed the boundary lines of the proposed district to conform as far as possible to the situation as it existed after the several dismissals. No further amended articles of association were filed thereafter, but the decree of incorporation sets out the articles as amended by the dismissals and the conforming changes in the boundary lines.
The proceeding was dismissed as to some 3700 acres of land. Approximately two-thirds of this lay outside of the boundaries of the district as finally established, but the remainder, consisting of four or five isolated tracts, was within the boundaries and completely surrounded by lands that were incorporated as the district. Two or three small parcels of land as to which the proceeding was dismissed were, by mistake evidently, incorporated by the decree as a part of the district.
In the decree incorporating into a drainage district the remainder of the lands after the dismissals just *Page 707 noted the court embodied a finding of all necessary jurisdictional facts.
At the next term of the court after the decree of incorporation was entered, the drainage district by its board of supervisors filed a petition to amend the decree so as to include within the district the lands that had been dismissed from the original proceeding and other lands. After numerous objections were filed, heard and overruled, the decree was amended, substantially as prayed.
Defendants in the instant case next introduced evidence tending to show that the individual defendants had been duly elected supervisors of their co-defendant, Mississippi and Fox River Drainage District and that they possessed all the statutory qualifications therefor. Plaintiff offered no evidence.
The court held that the decree incorporating the Mississippi and Fox River Drainage District was void and rendered judgment of ouster against the individual defendants forbidding them from performing any further acts as supervisors of the Mississippi and Fox River Drainage District, "because same does not exist as a corporation." After the rendition of this judgment and pending defendants' motion for a new trial, the court on motion of plaintiff amended "the record, pleadings, processes, entries, returns and judgment" by striking out the name of the defendant, Mississippi and Fox River Drainage District. The motion for a new trial was overruled and the cause is here on the appeal of the individual defendants.
The trial court held that the original decree purporting to incorporate the Mississippi and Fox River Drainage District was void. The correctness of that ruling is the only matter presented for review.
The State in this proceeding does not charge that the decree in question was procured through fraud, hence the only test to be applied in determining its validity is that of jurisdiction. [State v. Woods, 233 Mo. 357; State v. Fleming, 158 Mo. 551.] Did the court rendering *Page 708 it acquire the requisite statutory jurisdiction and did it thereafter at every step proceed within that jurisdiction? That question was tried by the court below solely on the record of the proceedings in which the decree was rendered — and properly so.
I. No question is raised with respect to the sufficiency either of the original articles of association, or of the statutory notice immediately given by the clerk in whose office they were filed. It is the contention of respondent (plaintiff), however, that the amended articles of association on which the decree of incorporation was based did not conform toDrainage District: statutory requirements in that they were notAmended signed by the landowners themselves. TheArticles: Signature statute does not provide that theby Attorneys. petitioning landowners shall by their own hands respectively affix their names to the articles of association. Its language in this respect is this: "The owners of a majority of the acreage . . . may make and sign articles of association." The owners in the proceeding under review did sign the amended articles by their counsel of record.Qui facit per alium facit per se. A question might be raised as to the authority of counsel in the premises. But it must be evident that even if a previous authorization had not been expressly or impliedly given them to sign the names of their clients to the amended petition, their acts in so doing were ratified and confirmed by acquiescence and adoption on the part of all their principals except those as to whom the proceeding was subsequently dismissed.
II. Respondent next makes the point that the order sustaining the motion to strike the amended articles from the files, made August 19, 1915, was never set aside, consequently there were no articles of association on file in the cause on which to base a decree of incorporation at the time the decree in question was rendered. At the time the motion to strike wasRecord Construed. pending there were also pending two demurrers. As already pointed out the record is contradictory *Page 709 as to the disposition made of the demurrers. If they were sustained, however, it was by a blanket order made August 19, 1915, in which the motion to strike was also sustained. One of the demurrers was filed by C.T. Llewellyn, an objector, and the other was filed by John Acklie and others who were also objectors. The motion to strike was filed by W.J. Tucker and eleven or twelve others, all of whom were signers of the original articles of incorporation. The principal ground of their motion was that their names had been signed to the amended articles of association without their consent. The contention of respondent that the order sustaining this motion was never set aside seems to be based on the record entry of September 29, 1915, which recites that "the order sustaining said demurrer on the 19th day of August, 1915, is vacated and set aside," but which does not eo nomine mention the order sustaining the motion to strike. There are other recitals in the entry, however, which describe the order set aside as "the order of court sustaining the demurrer of W.J. Tucker et al. that they be not considered as signers to the amended articles of association." Now W.J. Tucker et al. never filed a demurrer; they did file a motion to strike; and on the ground that they did not sign the amended articles. From the entry as a whole, therefore, it is entirely clear that the order set aside was the one made at the instance of W.J. Tucker et al., striking the amended articles from the files, notwithstanding it was called an order sustaining a demurrer. It is equally clear that the court and all the parties to the proceeding understood at the time, that the order of September 29th set aside the previous order striking the amended articles from the files, because all of their subsequent acts were based on such assumption.
III. Respondent next claims that the court exceeded its authority in setting aside the order striking the amended articles of association from the files, and on these grounds: first, the motion of petitioners asking *Page 710 that the order be set aside was a motion for a newSetting Aside trial and it was not filed within four days; and,Order: Same second, the order was set aside "for the purposeTerm. of permitting the petitioners to dismiss this proceeding as to" certain other petitioners, a ground not set up in the motion. With respect to these contentions it is sufficient to say that during the term the court had the inherent power, and of its own motion if it so elected, to modify, alter or vacate any order made at that term. [Aull v. Trust Co., 149 Mo. 1.] Whether it abused its discretion in so doing is not pertinent here. The question is not whether the court committed error, but whether it exceeded its jurisdiction. [State v. Fleming, supra, l.c. 563.] In this particular it clearly did not.
IV. After the amended articles of association were reinstated the court permitted the petitioners to dismiss as to certain other petitioners and their lands and as to certain parcels of the lands of a number of objectors and to change the boundary lines accordingly. Respondent contends that it was necessary to file new articles of association to conform toAmendment: these further amendments. The amendments, however,New Articles. did not bring into the proposed district any new lands, and, consequently, did not affect, nor seek to affect, the rights of any persons not in court. They were made by constructively striking out certain names and certain lands and changing the boundaries to conform, and by then setting out in the record (the decree of incorporation) the articles as so amended — the method thus followed being tantamount to amendment by interlienation. The statute (Sec. 4380, R.S. 1919) provides that "the articles of association may be amended as any other pleading." It was therefore clearly within the discretion of the court whether it would permit the amendments to be made in the manner they were, or whether it would require the filing of a new pleading. *Page 711
V. It is the further contention of respondent that the entire decree of incorporation is void because, as it asserts, there were included within the district as incorporated lands belonging to owners as to whom there had been a dismissal and whose names has been stricken from the proceeding. The record properly construed shows that the dismissals were as to lands and not as to individuals. Where the proceeding was dismissed as to all the lands of a given individual that was tantamount to a dismissal as to him, but where the dismissal was as to only a part of the lands of any one owner, others being retained, such owner necessarily remained a party to the proceeding. As already pointed out, some two or three small parcels of land as to which there had been a previous dismissal were included in the lands incorporated into the district. As to these the decree is of course a nullity, but it by no means follows that for that reason the decree is void in its entirety. On the contrary it is subject to correction by amendment.
VI. Respondent insists that the decree of incorporation is void for the further reason that it describes definite boundary lines and then sets out a schedule of the lands incorporated which shows that the lands incorporated do not include all the lands within the boundaries. There is no question but thatExclusion both the original articles of association and theof Lands. amended articles subsequently filed set out the boundary lines of the proposed drainage district and stated the names of all the owners of lands or other property in said district, together with a description of the lands or other property owned by each. The articles in fact complied with all statutory requirements and in connection with the publication of the statutory notice fully invested the court with jurisdiction to incorporate the proposed district. Was the court then bound to incorporate all the lands described in the articles, or else none of them? Such a construction of the statute would be unreasonable. *Page 712 On a hearing the court might in many cases find that some of the lands were not swamp, wet or overflowed, or subject to overflow, or that on account of their character or location they would not be benefited by any plan of reclamation whatever and for that reason ought not to be burdened with any part even of the preliminary cost of organization. Clearly in such cases, if after the elimination of these lands there remains a contiguous body of swamp, wet or overflowed lands, or lands subject to overflow, that can within the purview of the statute be formed into a drainage district, the court has the power to permit the articles of association to be so amended as to include only the latter body of lands and then render its decree of incorporation in accordance therewith. If in such decree the boundary lines are so described as to erroneously include within their confines lands not incorporated into the district, the decree is not for that reason void, because under the express provisions of the statute it is subject to correction in that respect by amendment. [Sec 4416, R.S. 1919; Laws 1913, p. 254.]
VII. It is claimed by respondent that there was no finding by the court in the drainage proceeding that the lands dismissed therefrom were not subject under the statute to be incorporated into a drainage district, but that on the contrary the petitioners voluntarily dismissed as to those lands in order to give them a majority of the acreage in the remainder,Purpose of intending at the time to seek an amendment of theDismissal. decree of incorporation as soon as it was obtained so that it would include the very same lands as to which they were then dismissing. That such was the purpose and intention of the petitioners was not, however, shown by the evidence, either directly or inferentially. At most it is but a surmise on the part of respondent. But conceding it to be true that the petitioners reduced the acreage of the district as originally proposed solely for the purpose of giving them a majority of the acreage *Page 713 and thereby enabling them to incorporate, the incorporation of all the lands described in the original articles of association was not a jurisdictional requirement as we have endeavored to point out in the preceding paragraph. And what the petitioners purposed to do in the future was immaterial. The only question before the court was whether they were entitled under the statute to have incorporated into a drainage district the identical body of lands that they were then seeking to have so incorporated. In this connection it should be borne in mind that the information in this case makes no charge of fraud in the procurement of the original decree of incorporation, and the subsequent decree extending the boundaries of the district is not challenged.
VIII. It is finally insisted that, because the lands incorporated into the district completely surrounded a number of parcels of land not so incorporated, the original decree of incorporation was void for unreasonableness. It is not apparent how that one fact, and respondent suggests no other, made the decree so unreasonable as to be invalid. It might be suggested that the compelling of unwilling landowners —Unincorporated objectors — to contribute to the cost of theLands. construction and maintenance of a system of drainage which would benefit as much as their own, by reclamation, lands entirely surrounded by their own, without requiring the owners of such isolated lands to make like contributions, would be unreasonable. But no such situation as that is shown. Respondent has appended to its brief a map which purports to show the contour and area of the body of lands comprising the original district and the relative areas and locations of those not forming a part of it but enclosed within it. Neither the map nor other evidence in the case, however, discloses either the topography or other physical characteristics of the isolated tracts, or the relation they sustain to the lands forming the district from the standpoint of drainage, other than that of mere proximity. It is true that these *Page 714 lands were afterward brought into the district by the amendatory decree, but it may not have appeared that it was necessary or advisable to so incorporate them until after the coming in of the chief engineer's report, which under Section 9 of the Act of 1913 was required to show what adjacent lands would be "improved or reclaimed in part or in whole" by the system of drainage adopted. The lands composing the district were "a contiguous body of land" and we cannot say that simply because this body of land surrounded other land which did not form a part of the district, the original decree of incorporation was so unreasonable as to be void.
A critical examination of the record of the drainage proceedings under review discloses many irregularities, but none of them are of a jurisdictional character. It follows that the judgment of the trial court should be reversed. It is so ordered.Small, C., concurs; Brown, C., absent.