The plaintiffs' motion for a directed verdict at the close of their evidence was based upon the ground that the defendant's liability was absolute under clause four of the contract, it having been established that the film had been destroyed while it was in the defendant's possession. The motion for a directed verdict at the conclusion of all the evidence was based upon the same ground, also that the evidence did not warrant a verdict for the defendant. These motions raise the question whether the defendant *Page 122 under his contract with the plaintiffs can make any defence to this action to recover the price stipulated in the contract for the film destroyed by fire.
While the performance of the terms of a contract can ordinarily be fully required, still if it can be shown that the performance of the contract was prevented directly or indirectly by the act of the promisee, its non-performance will be excused. "He who prevents a thing may not avail himself of the non-performance which he has occasioned." Vandegrift v. Company, 161 N.Y. 435, 443; Patterson v. Meyerhofer, 204 N.Y. 96, 100; Blake v. Niles, 13 N.H. 459, 460; Kimball v. Railroad, 23 N.H. 579, 582; Smith v. Railroad, 36 N.H. 458, 494; Rixford v. Smith, 52 N.H. 355, 360,362; Theobald v. Burleigh, 66 N.H. 574.
It is a principle of law well recognized and fully established that if one furnishes to another for hire an article for a certain purpose, there is an implied warranty that it shall be reasonably fit to use for that purpose. Deming v. Foster, 42 N.H. 165, 173; Gagnon v. Dana, 69 N.H. 264,267; 6 C.J. 1117. The defendant could make the defence that the film was destroyed by fire through the act of the plaintiffs in sending to him a film unfit to use, and in such a defective condition that its proper and reasonable use caused its destruction by fire. In other words, that the conduct of the plaintiffs was responsible for the non-performance of the contract by the defendant. The plaintiffs mainly rely upon the contention that under the contract there was no defence to their action. They say, however, if this position is untenable, that they were still entitled to a directed verdict, because there was no evidence upon which the jury could find that the film was defective or that its defective condition occasioned its destruction. This claim cannot avail the plaintiffs. The evidence warranted the jury in finding that the film was defective, and that its destruction by fire was caused thereby. The evidence and that part of the court's charge to which exceptions were taken related to damages. As the jury did not reach the question of damages, there is no occasion to consider these exceptions.
Exceptions overruled.
All concurred. *Page 123