This is an appeal from the action of the Prerogative Court denying the petition of appellant, Hans Stanko, for an order vacating the appointment of respondent, Gertrude A. Carpenter, as administratrix ad prosequendum of the estate of Paul L. Carpenter, deceased.
On November 30th, 1945, Paul L. Carpenter was fatally injured in an automobile accident in the State of Pennsylvania. In November, 1946, the respondent, Gertrude A. Carpenter, resident within the State of New Jersey, filed her petition for appointment as administratrix ad prosequendum, alleging that she is the widow of Paul L. Carpenter, that there are five children surviving, and that she desired to institute an action for damages against Hans Stanko and Ralph Stanko, owner and operator of the automobile involved in the accident, resulting in her husband's death. On November 12th, 1946, an order was entered in the Prerogative Court granting letters of administration adprosequendum to the respondent. Thereafter, Gertrude A. Carpenter instituted an action for damages against Hans Stanko and Ralph Stanko in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania, and that action is now pending. *Page 774
In September, 1947, the appellant, Hans Stanko, filed, in the court below, notice and petition to vacate the order granting letters of administration ad prosequendum, alleging that the decedent was a resident of Pennsylvania at the time of his death and that, in view of his non-residence, the non-residence of Hans and Ralph Stanko, and the occurrence of the accident outside New Jersey, the Prerogative Court had no jurisdiction to grant the letters. Cf. R.S. 3:7-13. Without passing on this contention, the court below, citing In re Walsh (Prerogative Court,1942), 131 N.J. Eq. 376, denied the petition on the ground that the appellant, as a potential debtor in an action for wrongful death, had no standing to challenge the validity of the original grant of letters. The present appeal seeks to reverse that action.
Since the accident occurred in the State of Pennsylvania, it is clear that the right of action for wrongful death is governed by the laws of that state rather than ours. See Giardini v.McAdoo (Court of Errors and Appeals, 1919), 93 N.J. Law 138,140; Morss v. Allen (Supreme Court, 1938),120 N.J. Law 203, 205. It is equally clear that all of the pertinent issues relating to the cause of action resulting from the accident may be fully determined, and all of the substantial rights of the appellant, as the alleged tort-feasor, may be fully protected in the action now pending in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania. See Stafford v. RoadwayTransit Co. (D.C.W.D.P., 1947), 70 F. Supp. 555;165 Fed. Rep. 2d 920 (C.C.A. 3rd, 1948); Suders v. Campbell (D.C.M.D. Pa., 1947), 73 F. Supp. 112. Any questions relating to the plaintiff's capacity to maintain her pending action are proper ones for determination by the federal court under the controlling statutes and decisions of the State of Pennsylvania. Cf. Cooper v. American Air Lines (C.C.A.2d1945), 149 Fed. Rep. 2d 355; Coburn v. Coleman (D.C.W.D.S.C., 1947), 75 F. Supp. 107.
The accident having occurred on November 30th, 1945, it is conceded that under Pennsylvania law any new action against appellant is barred by limitations. See Piacquadio v. BeaverValley Service Co. (1946), 355 Pa. 183; 49 Atl. *Page 775 Rep. 2d 406; Stafford v. Roadway Transit Co., supra. In the light of this circumstance, coupled with the fact that the appellant may have full protection of his interests in the pending federal court action, we fail to see how his substantial rights have, in anywise, been adversely affected by the action of the court below. Cf. Loughney v. Thomas (Court of Errors andAppeals, 1936), 117 N.J. Law 169, 172; In re Barmeier's Estate (App. Div., 1936), 288 N.Y.S. 318, 319; affirmed (Court ofAppeals, 1936), 272 N.Y. 601. Indeed, neither in his brief nor in his argument has the appellant suggested that the lower court's issuance of letters has harmed or prejudiced him; on the contrary, his contention rests entirely on the ground that it constituted "legal error." This, however, ignores entirely the recognized and broadening judicial concepts which disfavor procedural moves calculated to defeat a just determination on the ultimate merits and under which non-prejudicial error, not affecting the substantial rights of the appellant, does not constitute cause for reversal. Cf. Loughney v. Thomas, supra;Cammarata v. Public Service Co-ordinated Transport (Court ofErrors and Appeals, 1940), 124 N.J. Law 38, 41; HartfordAccident and Indemnity Co. v. Benevento (Court of Errors andAppeals, 1945), 133 N.J. Law 315, 323.
In the Cammarata Case an action under the Death Act was instituted shortly after the accident, in the name of an administrator ad prosequendum, who was not, however, actually appointed until long afterwards when the statute of limitations had run and the case was about to be tried. This court, speaking through Mr. Justice Parker, declined to reverse a judgment rendered in favor of the administrator, holding that the error was not harmful and pointing out that "the policy of modern law in this state has been to strive for a hearing and decision on the merits and to subordinate matters of form not affecting the merits." In the Loughney Case, this court overruled an objection by the defendants that letters had been improperly issued to the appellant administratrix ad prosequendum pointing out that the alleged tort-feasor defendants were not "harmed or prejudiced" and that the appointment of the administratrix "in an improper manner *Page 776 or by an unauthorized officer cannot injure or affect the substantial rights of the defendants, particularly where, as here, the next of kin urge nothing in this direction."
The wholesome policy of our law against lending aid, where, as here, substantial rights are not affected, to procedural moves designed to frustrate a just determination between the parties on the ultimate merits is further illustrated by the related line of cases typified by Wilson v. Dairymen's League Co-operativeAssociation, Inc. (Court of Errors and Appeals, 1928),105 N.J. Law 188, 191, and Norko v. Rau (Court of Errors andAppeals, 1931), 107 N.J. Law 479. In the Wilson Case this court overruled objection to an amendment, in a death action, substituting the administratrix ad prosequendum for the general administratrix, notwithstanding that the statutory limitation of time for instituting the action had expired. In the course of his opinion Mr. Justice Katzenbach said:
"The supplemental act in substituting one person for another as the formal party to prosecute the action did not affect rights theretofore existing but only the manner or method of their enforcement. The effect of these observations is that the administrator ad prosequendum institutes an action for death as a matter of form and not one of substance. In our opinion there was no error in the allowance of the amendment to substitute Mrs. Wilson as administratrix ad prosequendum as the plaintiff in the action. Such substitution affected no substantial right of the defendant below. It was the correction of a technical mistake."
Similarly, in the Norko Case this court, speaking through the present Chief-Justice, sustained an amendment in an action for wrongful death under the Pennsylvania statute, which substituted the decedent's father, as plaintiff, individually, in his stead as administrator ad prosequendum. In referring to the WilsonCase, the Chief-Justice pointed to its holding that, "the substitution of one person for another as the formal party to prosecute a death action does not affect the rights theretofore existing but only the manner or method of their enforcement," and "that the aim of courts and legislators *Page 777 is to abolish technicalities and enable suitors to have the merits of their controversies fully tried * * *."
We are satisfied from the facts presented in the record before us that the granting of the relief now sought by the appellant would be contrary to the interests of substantial justice and that, under the cited authorities, the order of the court below ought not be set aside since it has not prejudiced the appellant, or in anywise adversely affected his substantial rights. Accordingly we need not, in this proceeding, pass upon the propriety of the original grant of letters or upon the soundness of the Prerogative Court's determination that the appellant had no standing to attack it.
The order of the court below is affirmed.
For affirmance — THE CHIEF-JUSTICE, BODINE, DONGES, HEHER, COLIE, WACHENFELD, EASTWOOD, BURLING, JACOBS, WELLS, DILL, FREUND, McLEAN, SCHETTINO, JJ. 14.
For reversal — None. *Page 778