The act of 1848, for the more effectual protection of married women, declared that the property of a married woman "shall not be subject to the disposal of her husband, nor be liable for his debts." By the act of 1860 (Chap. 90), this exemption was qualified as follows: "Except such debts as may have been contracted for the support of herself or her children by her as his agent."
The execution under which the defendant levied upon and sold the horse, was issued upon a judgment obtained in an action against the husband of the plaintiff, upon an account for merchandise consisting of goods, clothing and supplies purchased for the use of the family of the judgment debtor, consisting of himself, his wife (the plaintiff) and his daughter. The account was an ordinary store account opened at a store in the place where the family resided, and each member of the family participated in making purchases, and by whomsoever made, the articles purchased were charged to the husband by his authority. It was shown on the trial of the present action that two-thirds or more of the account was for articles purchased for the wife (the plaintiff) for her personal use or the use of her daughter, and that the husband personally purchased not more than one-third in value of the articles charged. It is claimed that as the judgment against the husband included the value of the articles purchased by the wife "for the support of herself and her children," as agent of her husband, her property was liable to be taken on the execution. This contention cannot be supported.
The debt upon which the judgment was recovered was the debt of the husband. The wife was never liable as debtor for any part of it. The statute of 1860 charges the property of the married woman for the debts of the husband in the case specified. But the remedy is in equity, or at least the liability must first be adjudged in an action to which she is a party and *Page 353 in which she has an opportunity to be heard before her property can be taken to satisfy her husband's debt. Neither the judgment nor the process on which the horse was taken was against the plaintiff. The horse was not taken or sold as the husband's property, but as the property of the wife. The defendant in the execution and the officer holding the process undertook to determine for themselves whether the conditions existed under which the wife's property was made liable for the husband's debt, and having determined that it did, they proceeded to enforce the charge by selling the property. This they could not do. The analogies of the law require that the liability of the wife's property should be first adjudicated before it shall be taken for her husband's debt. Here not only was this not done, but the property was seized and sold on a judgment which made no distinction between the part of the account which was contracted by the husband and the part contracted by the wife as his agent. It is unnecessary in this case to define the scope of the exemption in the act of 1860. Does it apply to a case where the wife living with and being supported by her husband, purchases on his account and with his consent articles for the common use of the members of the household, or is it the true construction of the statute that the agency referred to is that which the law implies, to enable a wife to supply herself and her children with necessaries when the husband has abandoned her and refuses to furnish them? In view of the custom of families when the husband leaves the management of the household to his wife and commits to her the discretion to make purchases for the house and to supply her wants and those of her children, the broad construction claimed for this section of the act of 1860 opens a wide door of departure from the policy of the acts for protecting the property of married women.
It is sufficient to uphold the judgment in this case, that the charge imposed by the act of 1860 is not self-executing, but must be enforced, if it exists, in proceedings instituted for that purpose preliminary to the taking of the property, and that an officer cannot upon an execution against the husband lawfully *Page 354 seize the property of the wife in the absence of any adjudication that the property is liable for the debt.
The judgment should be affirmed.
All concur.
Judgment affirmed.