The consent of the plaintiff to the order of reference obviates the objection that judgment had not then been entered. An order to ascertain damages is not regular until the judgment has been entered, but as the judgment was entered immediately after, the irregularity was formal and was waived by the consent to the entry of the order of reference.
The referee has not reported the items of damage which he awarded nor the facts or conclusions of law upon which his award was based. We are, therefore, required to give his finding the most favorable intendment. The plaintiff might *Page 329 have compelled a more explicit finding. It is, to say the least, doubtful whether the injunction prevented the defendant from opening the mouth of the drain. The action was brought to restrain the defendant from removing sand from the beach, and a temporary injunction restrained such removal during the pendency of the action. Although the general words were used restraining the defendant from interfering with or disturbing the sand, yet looking at the objects and purposes of the action and the injunction, it would be difficult to hold that such a disturbance, as the removal of drift and sand from the mouth of the drain would be a violation of the injunction.
It appears that after the storm which filled up the mouth of the drain, the defendant applied to the plaintiff for a modification of the injunction to enable him to open it, and there is a direct conflict of evidence between the plaintiff and defendant as to what took place. The defendant testified that the plaintiff in substance claimed that the injunction restrained the opening of the mouth of the drain and refused to modify it, while the plaintiff testified that he told the defendant that the injunction did not restrain such opening, but if it did, that he would give him a stipulation to allow him to do it, which the defendant refused to accept.
We must assume that the referee decided in favor of the version of the defendant. If so, he had the opinion of both parties that such would be the effect of the injunction, which, in connection with the general language employed, would perhaps justify him in holding accordingly. In the absence of specifications by the referee, we cannot say that there were no damages sustained in consequence of the injunction, if the construction above indicated is given to it. There is evidence tending to show that the drain was liable to be filled up by the action of the water, and the defendant had been in the habit of opening it, and as we must presume, had the right to do so, and if he was prevented by the injunction, some damages would be caused thereby, and it is impossible to determine $250 is excessive. *Page 330
The General Term reduced the damages to $250, the amount specified in the undertaking, and modified the order accordingly, but affirmed that part of the order which required the plaintiff to pay, in addition to the $250, the sum of $380.38, for disbursements and referee's fees paid by the defendant upon the reference to ascertain the damages; this allowance was ratified upon the ground that the court had power against the plaintiff in the action "to award the costs of any proceedings in the action." I think the learned judge erred in assuming that this was a proceeding "in the action;" the action was at an end; final judgment had been entered therein. The reference was had in pursuance of section 222 of the Code, requiring an undertaking to be given upon granting an injunction, and providing for ascertaining the damages, by reference or otherwise, as the court shall decide. This proceeding constituted no part of the action. The section of the Code referred to was adopted as a substitute for the thirty-first rule of the Court of Chancery. Until that rule was adopted, the court had no power to award damages against a party for an injury occasioned by an injunction, even though it was determined in the action that the party was not entitled to it. Hence, neither the party nor his sureties are liable beyond the amount specified in the undertaking. (Leavitt v. Dabney, 9 Abb. Pr. [N.S.], 373; 2 Paige, 116; 3 Barb., 232; 40 How. Pr., 280.) We were referred to the general language in High on Injunctions (§ 962), that independent of statutory enactments, a court of equity has power, upon the dissolution of an injunction, to ascertain the damages and decree their payment. The authorities cited do not sustain the broad proposition laid down. The principal authority cited is Sturgis v. Knapp (33 Vt., 486), which proceeds upon the theory that when the court grants an injunction upon condition that the party gives certain security, jurisdiction is derived from the order, the condition impliedly being that the party shall pay all damages sustained, and that the bond is cumulative. Whether a special condition of this character might be made, which could be enforced by *Page 331 the court, need not be considered. No such condition was inserted in the order nor can it be implied. The security required is provided for by statute. The court or judge fixes the amount, and the undertaking may be executed by the party alone or with sureties, and in either case, the measure of liability is the amount specified, and beyond that amount the court has no power to award damages. An action will lie against a plaintiff for all damages sustained, but it must be in the nature of, and have the elements of an action for malicious prosecution. (Cox v.Taylor, 10 B. Monroe [Ky.], 17.) But I can find no legal authority for sustaining any allowance upon this proceeding, beyond the sum specified in the undertaking. If we regard this as a special proceeding in which, by the act (chapter 270, Laws of 1854), the court may award costs in its discretion, we are met with the difficulty that the whole liability for damages is limited to the sum named. The expenses incurred on such a reference are a part of the damages, and may be recovered as such. (Aldrich v. Reynolds, 1 Barb. Ch., 613.) It follows that the item for disbursements cannot be sustained. The form of the order is also objectionable. It should be confined to fixing the amount of damages. When so ascertained, the amount is conclusive, both upon the party and his sureties, but payment can only be enforced by action upon the undertaking. The Code does not authorize the court to enforce payment by order, but only to ascertain the damages. The proper way is to limit the order to an adjudication upon the amount of damages, which amount must not exceed the sum named in the undertaking.
The order must be modified, so as to fix the damages by reason of the injunction at the sum of $250, without costs to either party in this court.
All concur.
Ordered accordingly. *Page 332