This action was brought to foreclose a mortgage given by the defendant David D. Metcalf to the Oswego City Savings Bank on the 6th day of May, 1864, to secure the payment of $1,300.00 and interest, in one year from the date thereof. The mortgage was given as collateral security to a bond of the same import. The lands mortgaged are situated in the town and county of Oswego, state of New York, and consist of two parcels, the first of which contains fifty acres and the second twenty-five acres, both being described as parts of subdivision one of lot number thirty-three. This bond and mortgage were transferred by various mesne assignments to the plaintiff herein. On October 3rd, 1864, Metcalf, the original mortgagor, conveyed the twenty-five-acre parcel of said lands to one Harmon Anderson by a warranty deed which contained no reference to said mortgage. On December 19th, 1864, said Metcalf conveyed the remaining fifty acres to Janette Goodenough and Isaiah Remington by a warranty deed in which the grantees covenanted and agreed to pay said mortgage and the debt thereby secured to said bank. On November 19th, 1872, said Janette Goodenough conveyed to William I. Remington an undivided one-half interest in said fifty acres by a warranty deed in which the grantee assumed and agreed to pay one-half of said mortgage and the debt thereby secured. It is unnecessary to continue the history of the title to said fifty acres further than to say that by various mesne conveyances the title thereto vested in the defendant Cynthia Metcalf, who was the owner when this action was commenced. On April 23rd, 1875, said Harmon Anderson conveyed the twenty-five acres above mentioned to his son, the defendant appellant Robert H. Anderson, who was the owner thereof at the time of the trial. Eliminating *Page 531 from the history of the trial all that has no bearing upon the single question which we propose to discuss, it appears that the appellant Anderson interposed an answer which, among other defenses, set up the defense of the Statute of Limitations. Upon the record before us the other defenses referred to present no obstacle to the affirmance of the judgment below, and we shall, therefore, not discuss them. Upon the defense of the Statute of Limitations the following facts appear as found by the trial court and affirmed by the Appellate Division: The appellant Anderson and his grantor, Harmon Anderson, did not assume to pay the mortgage debt or any part thereof, and never made any payments thereon. From December 19th, 1864, until November 19th, 1872, Janette Goodenough and Isaiah Remington, the grantees in the deed from Metcalf in 1864, paid all of the interest which accrued upon said mortgage. In November, 1872, said Goodenough conveyed her interest in said lands to William I. Remington, who, from that time until 1882, paid the full interest on said mortgage, the last of said payments being for the interest which fell due in 1881. No other payments of interest or principal were ever made by any one except Metcalf, the mortgagor, who paid the interest for the years 1889 and 1892. It thus appears that from 1864 to 1889, a period of twenty-five years, the mortgagor made no payments of either principal or interest, and that the only payments within that time were made by Goodenough and the Remingtons who, as purchasers of the fifty acres, had assumed and agreed to pay the mortgage debt. These facts and findings present the question whether the payments made by Goodenough and the Remingtons, as grantees of the fifty acres under covenants to pay the mortgage debt, operated to keep that debt alive as to Anderson, the owner of the twenty-five acres which were free from any covenant whatever. The period within which an action upon a sealed instrument must be commenced, after a cause of action has accrued thereon, is twenty years. (Code Civ. Pro. secs. 380 and 381.) These sections apply to an action for the foreclosure of a mortgage. *Page 532 (Acker v. Acker, 81 N.Y. 143.) Metcalf, the mortgagor, could have kept alive the bond and mortgage by making payments thereon within the twenty years, even after he had conveyed the premises. (N.Y. Life Ins. Trust Co. v. Covert, 6 Abb. Pr. [N.S.] 154;Hughes v. Edwards, 9 Wheat. 489.) Such payments would have bound all his grantees, because they took their title burdened with the debt, of which they had either actual or constructive notice, or both. Goode-enough and the Remingtons kept the debt alive as to the fifty acres which they owned by the payments which they made, respectively, from 1864 until 1882. How did that affect Anderson, the owner of the twenty-five acres, who made neither covenants nor payments? Goodenough and the Remingtons were not the agents of Metcalf, the mortgagor and their grantor. "In the deeds to them they covenanted to pay the mortgage debt. This covenant was one which the mortgagee could enforce. When they paid the interest, they paid it upon their own covenant, and also to protect their own title. As between grantor and grantee, the grantee was the debtor, and the grantor and mortgagor was surety. Whether one was the agent of the other depends upon their relations between themselves." As by their assumption and covenant of payment the grantees of the fifty acres agreed to pay the debt they assumed, in paying it they necessarily acted for themselves, and thus they paid as principals and not as agents. (Boughton v. Harder, 46 App. Div. 355.) The case last cited followed the decision of this court in Murdock v. Waterman (145 N.Y. 55), where this court, speaking through Chief Judge ANDREWS, laid down the rule that a payment made by the heirs of the mortgagor did not arrest the operation of the Statute of Limitations in favor of the grantee of a separate parcel of the mortgaged premises, who was not related to the mortgagor, had not assumed the payment of the mortgage debt and had made no payments within the twenty years. In speaking of the payment made by the heirs of the mortgagor the learned judge said, "It undoubtedly preserved the lien of the mortgage upon the part of the land owned by them. *Page 533 But to give it the further efficacy of continuing the lien on the part of the property in which they had no interest, implies that they were the agents of Mrs. Waterman (the grantee of the other parcel) to renew the mortgage as to her, a relation which has no support in the evidence. * * * The judgment below proceeds upon the doctrine that the owner of one parcel of land acting separately and independently of the owner of the other parcels, may, by payment, continue the lien of the mortgage beyond twenty years, not on his own parcel alone, but on all the parcels. He could not do this by a written acknowledgment, as such an acknowledgment must under the statute be made by a person sought to be charged thereby, and a payment by the owner of one parcel ought not, we think, to be given any greater effect. It would be an admission of the debt, but an admission sub modo affecting only the party making it. The payment would create no personal liability, even against him. He could not bind the owners of the other parcels by his admission, because he would neither in law nor in fact represent them."
The language above quoted is precisely applicable to this case. Neither Anderson nor his predecessor in title ever made any payments upon the mortgage debt, or authorized the making of payments by any one else. The mortgagor could, of course, have kept the debt alive as to the Andersons by making payments within the period of limitation, even without their knowledge or consent. Such payments would have bound the Andersons, not upon the theory that the mortgagor was their agent, but because the latter was simply paying his own debt with which the land of the former was burdened. The payments of Goodenough and the Remingtons were of a different character. They paid under their own covenant for the benefit of their own title. They were not the agents of Metcalf, the mortgagor, nor were they the agents or privies in title of the Andersons. Upon these facts the defense of the Statute of Limitations as to the defendant Anderson was well pleaded and proved, and he should have had judgment in the courts below. *Page 534
The judgment herein should be reversed in favor of the appellant Anderson, and as to him a new trial is granted, with costs to abide the event.
O'BRIEN, HAIGHT, LANDON and CULLEN, JJ., concur; PARKER, Ch. J. and GRAY, J., dissent.
Judgment reversed, etc.