The facts are sufficiently stated in the opinion of the court.
These issues were submitted:
1. Was the defendant guilty of negligence in the transmission of the message as delivered to it by the plaintiff? Answer: Yes.
2. What damage, if any, has plaintiff sustained by reason of the failure of the defendant to transmit the message as written and delivered to the defendant? Answer: $524.10.
From a judgment for plaintiff defendant appealed. The facts of this case are stated fully in 137 N.C. and 144 N.C. 178. The alleged negligence consists in transmitting a telegram to one Royal, Benson, N.C. ordering four gallons corn whiskey to be sent by express to Mintz Siding in Sampson County, N.C. The signature was transcribed on the delivered telegram as T. J. Sessons instead of T. J. Newsome. The plaintiff alleges that he ordered the whiskey by agreement with his raft hands who were preparing to construct rafts and take his timber and rosin to Wilmington during a freshet in February, 1902, and that they refused to go into the water (155) without it; in consequence of which he lost the benefit of the freshet and was greatly endamaged.
The defendant requested an instruction that in no view of the evidence can plaintiff recover more than nominal damages, which was refused.
The courts will be careful not to apply to a contract of this character a rule of damage which will impose upon the defendant an unreasonable and speculative liability, which an individual may avoid by declining to enter into the contract.
The fact that the plaintiff informed the defendant's operator that he needed the whiskey in order to get his rafting done will not allow us to hold the defendant to damages which from the very nature of the case must be purely speculative and remote. It should be borne in mind that the defendant, being a public agency, was compelled to accept the telegram and to agree with the plaintiff, at the price fixed by the North Carolina Corporation Commission, to transmit it. Under such circumstances it can not be said that the defendant contracted with reference to *Page 128 the damages claimed by the plaintiff simply because its agent was informed of the purpose for which the plaintiff wanted the whiskey. While we apply the rule of Hadley v. Baxendale to this kind of a contract, yet that rule will not justify the imposition of remote and speculative damages upon a public service corporation.
In Tanning Co. v. Telegraph Co., 143 N.C. 376, cited and approved inMfg. Co. v. Tel. Co., 152 N.C. 157, this Court said: "Damages measured in matters of contract, not only by the well-known rule laid down in Hadleyv. Baxendale, 9 Exch., 341, but they must not be the remote, but the proximate consequence of a breach of contract and must not be speculative or contingent." See also Byrd v. Express Co., 139 N.C. 273. It is an elementary principle that all damages must flow directly and naturally, and that they must be certain both in their nature and in respect to the cause from which they proceed. Shearman and Redfield on Neg., secs. 25, 26.
(156) Damages which are uncertain and speculative, or which are not the natural and probable result of the breach, are too remote to be recoverable. 2 Joyce, sec. 1284.
It is universally held that damages are not to be based upon mere conjectural probability of future loss or gain. 8 A. E., 610, and cases cited. Something more than a possible result must appear.
The fact that the whiskey was not sent may have caused the hands not to go into the water, but it is a far cry between constructing the raft at Thomas and marketing the product at Wilmington. The whiskey may have arrived and still the raft remain unconstructed. The raft may have been constructed and loaded and still never have reached Wilmington.
It requires quite a stretch of the imagination to conceive that had the four gallons of corn whiskey arrived at Thomas, the raft would have been properly constructed, loaded and safely conducted over a heavy freshet to Wilmington and the merchandise duly and profitably marketed. Whiskey is very potential at times, but it can not be relied upon to produce such beneficent results as is claimed for it in this case.
It is a singular fact in the county where the four gallons of corn whiskey were expected to produce such unusual results, its use was decried and its sale prohibited by law. It was contraband, outlawed, and dealing in it made a crime.
We are of opinion that the plaintiff is entitled to recover nominal damages only. It is so ordered.
Error. *Page 129